This statistic shows the share of ethnic groups in Australia in the total population. 33 percent of the total population of Australia are english.

Australia’s population

Australia’s ethnic diversity can be attributed to their history and location. The country’s colonization from Europeans is a significant reason for the majority of its population being Caucasian. Additionally, being that Australia is one of the most developed countries closest to Eastern Asia; its Asian population comes as no surprise.

Australia is one of the world’s most developed countries, often earning recognition as one of the world’s economical leaders. With a more recent economic boom, Australia has become an attractive country for students and workers alike, who seek an opportunity to improve their lifestyle. Over the past decade, Australia’s population has slowly increased and is expected to continue to do so over the next several years. A beautiful landscape, many work opportunities and a high quality of life helped play a role in the country’s development. In 2011, Australia was considered to have one of the highest life expectancies in the world, with the average Australian living to approximately 82 years of age.

From an employment standpoint, Australia has maintained a rather low employment rate compared to many other developed countries. After experiencing a significant jump in unemployment in 2009, primarily due to the world economic crisis, Australia has been able to remain stable and slightly increase employment year-over-year.

Migrants from the United Kingdom have long been Australia’s primary immigrant group and in 2023 there were roughly 960 thousand English-born people living in Australia. India and China held second and third place respectively with regard to Australia’s foreign-born population. The relative dominance of Asian countries in the list of top ten foreign-born residents of Australia represents a significant shift in Australia’s immigration patterns over the past few decades. Where European-born migrants had previously overshadowed other migrant groups, Australian migration figures are now showing greater migration numbers from neighboring countries in Asia and the Pacific. A history of migration Australia is often referred to as an ‘immigrant nation’, alongside the United States, Canada, and New Zealand. Before the Second World War, migrants to Australia were almost exclusively from the UK, however after 1945, Australia’s immigration policy was broadened to attract economic migrants and temporary skilled migrants. These policy changes saw and increase in immigrants particularly from Greece and Italy. Today, Australia maintains its status as an ‘’Immigrant nation’’, with almost 30 percent of the population born overseas and around 50 percent of the population having both that were born overseas. Australian visas The Australian immigration program has two main categories of visa, permanent and temporary. The permanent visa category offers three primary pathways: skilled, family and humanitarian. The skilled visa category is by far the most common, with more than a million permanent migrants living in Australia on this visa category at the last Australian census in 2021. Of the temporary visa categories, the higher education visa is the most popular, exceeding 180 thousand arrivals in 2023.

The statistic shows the total population of Australia from 1980 to 2023, with projections up until 2030. In 2023, Australia had a total population of about 26.95 million people. Population of Australia Australia is among the ten largest countries in the world, in terms of area size, although its total population is low in relation to this. Much of Australia’s interior remains uninhabited, as the majority of Australians live in coastal metropolises and cities. Most of the population is of European descent (predominantly British), although there is a growing share of the population with Asian heritage; only a small percentage belongs to the indigenous Aboriginal population. Australia's year-on-year population growth is fairly high compared to most other economically and demographically advanced nations, due to comparatively high rates of natural increase and immigration. Living standards Standard of living is fairly high in Australia, which can be seen when looking at the Human Development Index, which ranks countries by their level of human development and living standards, such as their unemployment rate, literacy rate, or life expectancy at birth. Life expectancy of Australia’s population is quite high in international comparison, for example, Australia is also among the leading countries when it comes to this key factor. Economically speaking, Australia is also among the leading nations, with a steadily rising employment rate, an increasing gross domestic product (GDP) with a steady growth rate, and a relatively stable share in the global GDP.

Australia Imports: fob: Emerging and Developing Economies: Emerging and Developing Asia: Lao People Democratic Republic data was reported at 429.216 USD mn in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 365.201 USD mn for 2023. Australia Imports: fob: Emerging and Developing Economies: Emerging and Developing Asia: Lao People Democratic Republic data is updated yearly, averaging 0.904 USD mn from Dec 1976 (Median) to 2024, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 429.216 USD mn in 2024 and a record low of 0.009 USD mn in 1977. Australia Imports: fob: Emerging and Developing Economies: Emerging and Developing Asia: Lao People Democratic Republic data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.IMF.DOT: Imports: fob: by Country: Annual.

In 2023, Australia had the highest banked population share across the Asia-Pacific region with *** percent. At that time, the share of banked population in Vietnam amounted to ** percent.

Fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda adults and/or larvae populations sampled from field or as laboratory-maintained cultures. Sequencing data for populations obtained from Southeast Asia (Myanmar, Lao DPR, Vietnam, Malaysia, Philippines), East Asia (South Korea), Pacific/Australia (Papua New Guinea) and Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland, New South Wales)

Genomewide analysis of genetic divergence is critically important in understanding the genetic processes of allopatric speciation. We sequenced RAD tags of 131 Asian seabass individuals of six populations from South-East Asia and Australia/Papua New Guinea. Using 32 433 SNPs, we examined the genetic diversity and patterns of population differentiation across all the populations. We found significant evidence of genetic heterogeneity between South-East Asian and Australian/Papua New Guinean populations. The Australian/Papua New Guinean populations showed a rather lower level of genetic diversity. FST and principal components analysis revealed striking divergence between South-East Asian and Australian/Papua New Guinean populations. Interestingly, no evidence of contemporary gene flow was observed. The demographic history was further tested based on the folded joint site frequency spectrum. The scenario of ancient migration with historical population size changes was suggested to be the best fit model to explain the genetic divergence of Asian seabass between South-East Asia and Australia/Papua New Guinea. This scenario also revealed that Australian/Papua New Guinean populations were founded by ancestors from South-East Asia during mid-Pleistocene and were completely isolated from the ancestral population after the last glacial retreat. We also detected footprints of local selection, which might be related to differential ecological adaptation. The ancient gene flow was examined and deemed likely insufficient to counteract the genetic differentiation caused by genetic drift. The observed genomic pattern of divergence conflicted with the ‘genomic islands’ scenario. Altogether, Asian seabass have likely been evolving towards allopatric speciation since the split from the ancestral population during mid-Pleistocene.

Aims To investigate and establish the optimal threshold of rCBF correlates with final infarct volume for Asian populations. Methods/Overaching design This is an observational non-interventional cohort study investigating the optimal ischemic threshold of rCBF comparing Australian and Indonesian ischemic stroke patients. It will be conducted at two main centres, 1) Geelong University Hospital, Australia and (2) National Brain Centre, Jakarta, Indonesia. We believe that the study design will adequately address the overarching aims of my PhD in the elucidation of an optimal relative rCBF threshold for Asian patients. The study in both centres will share the following protocol and will align to the following study design principles and data acquisition as follows: Patient data will be sourced from neuroimaging sequences, including computed tomography perfusion (CTP) rCBF initial ischemic core at presentation, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) within 72 hours to demonstrate the final infarct volume and CT angiography (CTA). Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) will be reviewed only for patients who proceed to endovascular clot retrieval. Ischemic core volumes will be modelled using different rCBF thresholds. These models provide the basis for comparing and matching the appropriate thresholds in both populations. Consent procedures and clinical waiver processes Jakarta: We will obtain patient consent from Jakarta for neuroimaging (CT perfusion, CT angiography (CTA) and MRI with diffusion weighted imaging (DWI). Either the Emergency Department doctors or neurologists on site will be responsible for obtaining consent from either the patient or from patient’s family. Geelong Neuroimaging (CT perfusion, CT angiography and MRI (with DWI) constitutes the current standard of care for all stroke patients. On this basis, consent is not required. Patient Participation - Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria Inclusion Criteria: 1. Ischemic Stroke up to 24 hours from ictal onset 2. Age >18 years old Exclusion Criteria: 1. intracerebral haemorrhage 2. Pregnant women 3. Asian population in Australia General data collection protocol The preliminary assessment protocol involves collection of patient specific data Standardised per site sourced from a sequence of clinical, observational and imaging Procedures. On arrival at the emergency department, general wards, and stroke unit patients are assessed by the Emergency Department doctors, neurological registrars or designated stroke neurologists: 1). Initial clinical assessment (for all patients including those who proceed to intravenous thrombolysis or endovascular thrombectomy) The following data will be collected in the Clinical Report Form (CRF) as baseline measurement: age, gender, time metrics, vascular risk factors, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Modified Rankin Scale (MRS), relevant medical history, current medications. 2). Stroke imaging sequence protocol The following imaging sequences will be performed for all study patients: non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT), CT angiogram, CT perfusion, MRI and digital subtraction angiography (only for those patients who proceed to ECR). NCCT NCCT is critical in its use in exclusion of intracerebral haemorrhage. It is less sensitive but remains useful in the detection of early ischemic changes which include obscuration of grey-white matter and basal ganglia, cortical sulcal effacement and focal parenchymal hypo attenuation[67]. CT angiogram CT angiogram provides information regarding the presence and location of large vessel occlusion. This allows for classification of patients into different stroke territories. In addition, intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) will be detected[81]. CT perfusion CT perfusion provides information regarding tissue at risk (represented by T Max +6) and predicted ischemic core (represented by rCBF)[75]. Data collected from CT perfusion therefore contributes to the basis of this PhD the characteristics and processing of which will be elaborated in the next section on methodology. MRI Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) MRI (utilizing diffusion weighted imaging sequences, DWI) provides an internationally confirmed standard for quantification of the ischemic core at 24-72 hours[64, 72]. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) DSA provides data on the degree of reperfusion after endovascular clot retrieval (ECR)/thrombectomy. Follow up clinical assessment 1. mRS and NIHSS at discharge will be collected to assess the improvement. 2. mRS at day 90 will be collected by phone call or during clinical visit. Our preliminary participant inclusion and assessment protocol involves collection of patient specific data; standardised per site sourced from a sequence of clinical, observational and imaging procedures The imaging protocol and associated imaging and data analytical sequence is as follows: Initially a non-contrast-enhanced head CT and/or a CT angiogram will be combined with a Perfusion CT scan. CT perfusion scanning parameters and data acquisition General principles Whole-brain perfusion CT is routinely accomplished using CT systems with a purpose designed data acquisition and wide detector array 8-16 cm system (DAS). Time-resolved scans are used to track the flow of iodinated contrast media through the brain with multiple images (20-40) acquired over the same region of interest (ROI) of target anatomy. Patients are required to remain still during the examination in order to avoid motion misregistration. The examination couch may remain stationary during the entire examination or move back and forth to enable acquisition of date in the required imaging planes dictated by underlying engineering principles. Acquisitions are repeated at specified time intervals (e.g. every second to every 2-3 seconds) for a predetermined duration (e.g. 40-90 seconds). Thick image sections are acquired to minimize image noise and optimize the useful signal to noise (SRN) ratio (section widths are generally set at 5-10 mm). Data are used to generate colour maps of hemodynamic significance, for example cerebral blood volume (CBV) and cerebral blood flow (CBF), mean transit time (MTT) and time to peak (TPP). Dose Management 80 kVp is an international standard that is recognised to increase iodine signal brightness and maintain low radiation dosage per single scan (i.e. one tube rotation). The time interval between scans, and hence the total number of scans over the examination duration, is set carefully, taking into an account the requirements of the analysis algorithm. Dose (tube current) modulation is not generally used, as it interferes with the calculation of the CBV and CBF parameters. Our imaging protocols adopted in Geelong and Jakarta have been designed to align with international standards and guidelines consequently there is technical and clinical standardisation of the imaging techniques performed in both centres. While it is acknowledged that there are differences in the technical design and specifications of commercial imaging systems. We have ensured that our data standardisation and management processes align with (DICOM) standards consequently our pre and post processing of DICOM data in the (RAPID) software is considered compatible between both sites providing the required levels of accuracy and compatibility for comparative analysis. Data acquisition technical specifications per site: Jakarta specific CT perfusion protocol CTP (Model: Phillips ICT 256) 1. Total volume contrast of injection 40 mL Iodine based contrast medium is given with injection rate of bolus at 6mls/sec. 2. The injector and the scanner are started at the same time. 3. Images are acquired every 1.5 seconds for 70 seconds, thus obtaining 35 sets of data. 4. Perfusion coverage is 8cm. 5. Images will be constructed which are 5 mm thick. 6. Total of 640 images will be produced. 7. We use 80kVp and 100mAs for the perfusion. 8. CTP series will be auto sent (by series) to RAPID for post-processing Geelong specific CT perfusion protocol CT Perfusion (Model: Philips ICT Scanner 256) 1. Total volume of 50 mL of Iodine based contrast medium is given as an injection bolus at a rate of 6mL/sec. 2. The injector and the scanner are started at the same time. 3. Images are acquired every 2 seconds for 70 seconds, thus obtaining 35 sets of data. 4. Perfusion coverage is 8cm. 5. Images are 10mm thick and produce 8 images per acquisition. 6. Total of 280 images will be produced. 7. We use 80kVp and 80mAs for the perfusion. 8. CTP series will be auto sent (by series) to RAPID for processing CT Carotid Angiography CTA: (Model: Phillips ICT 256) Jakarta’s Protocol 1. A total volume of 65-75ml of Iodine based contrast is given as an injection bolus at a rate of 5mls/sec. 2. Bolus tracking is used to start the scan. 3. A single image will be taken through the aortic arch and place a ROI in the descending aorta. 4. Wait for 15 seconds after the injection and then take monitoring scans through the arch. When the contrast reaches a predetermined threshold level of 150HU it indicates the beginning of the scan. 5. Generate a thin data set with slice thickness of 0.9 mm. 6. Multiplanar (MPR) images will be created in several planes that are 4mm thickness. 7. 120kVp will be used for angiography. 8. Radiation dose: 31.9 mGy(DLP:801.2 mGycm) Geelong’s Protocol (Model: Philips ICT Scanner 256) 1. A total volume of 65-75ml of Iodine based contrast is given as an injection bolus at a rate of 5mls/sec. 2. Bolus tracking is used to start the scan. 3. A single image will be taken through the aortic arch and place a ROI in the descending aorta. 4. Wait 15 seconds after the injection and then take monitoring scans through the arch. When the contrast reaches a predetermined threshold level of 150HU it indicates the beginning of the scan. 5. Generate a thin data set with slice thickness of 0.8mm. 6.

Australia Imports: fob: Emerging and Developing Economies: Emerging and Developing Asia: China, People Republic: Mainland data was reported at 69.380 USD bn in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 77.289 USD bn for 2022. Australia Imports: fob: Emerging and Developing Economies: Emerging and Developing Asia: China, People Republic: Mainland data is updated yearly, averaging 336.314 USD mn from Dec 1948 (Median) to 2023, with 76 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 77.289 USD bn in 2022 and a record low of 3.500 USD mn in 1952. Australia Imports: fob: Emerging and Developing Economies: Emerging and Developing Asia: China, People Republic: Mainland data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.IMF.DOT: Imports: fob: by Country: Annual.

In financial year 2023, it was estimated that 64.32 thousand more Chinese migrated to Australia than emigrated. This marked a significant increase in Chinese net migration compared to 14.72 thousand people in the previous financial year.

The Chinese community in Australia

Chinese migration to Australia dates back to the Australian gold rush of the 1850s and 60s, however, exclusionary migration policies up until the 1970’s restricted migration from China for some time. Since then, immigration from China has increased steadily and Chinese migrants now represent Australia’s third largest migrant group after the UK and India. The 2016 Australian census showed that Mandarin was the second most common language spoken at home in Australia, and Cantonese came in fourth. The Australian Chinese community also includes a significant proportion of the international students from China choosing to study in Australia.

Chinese investment in Australia

Although foreign investment in Australia still comes primarily from its traditional trade partners, the United States and the United Kingdom, Chinese investment has been increasing in recent years. The bulk of Chinese investment in Australia goes toward commercial real estate and agribusiness. In New South Wales alone, real estate investment from China totaled almost 1.25 billion Australian dollars, which accounted for around a half of all Chinese real estate investment in the country. By comparison, in 2019 the import value of Australian food products to China displayed yet another year on year increase, totaling more than two billion U.S. dollars.

Australia Imports: fob: Emerging and Developing Economies: Emerging and Developing Asia: China, People Republic: Macao data was reported at 2.256 USD mn in 2024. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2.959 USD mn for 2023. Australia Imports: fob: Emerging and Developing Economies: Emerging and Developing Asia: China, People Republic: Macao data is updated yearly, averaging 8.829 USD mn from Dec 1976 (Median) to 2024, with 49 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 53.170 USD mn in 2020 and a record low of 1.064 USD mn in 1979. Australia Imports: fob: Emerging and Developing Economies: Emerging and Developing Asia: China, People Republic: Macao data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.IMF.DOT: Imports: fob: by Country: Annual.

Fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda adults and/or larvae populations sampled from field or as laboratory-maintained cultures. Populations were obtained from Southeast Asia (Myanmar, Lao DPR, Vietnam, Malaysia, Philippines), East Asia (South Korea), Pacific/Australia (Papua New Guinea) and Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland, New South Wales)

In 2019 there were ********* migrants from the United Kingdom in Australia. The next largest migrant groups were people from China and New Zealand at over ******* migrants each. More recently Australian migration figures are showing greater migration numbers from neighboring countries in Asia and the Pacific and reduced numbers of European-born migrants.

Australia Imports: cif: Emerging and Developing Economies: Emerging and Developing Asia: China, People Republic: Macao data was reported at 3.136 USD mn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.793 USD mn for 2022. Australia Imports: cif: Emerging and Developing Economies: Emerging and Developing Asia: China, People Republic: Macao data is updated yearly, averaging 9.629 USD mn from Dec 1976 (Median) to 2023, with 48 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 56.360 USD mn in 2020 and a record low of 1.170 USD mn in 1979. Australia Imports: cif: Emerging and Developing Economies: Emerging and Developing Asia: China, People Republic: Macao data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.IMF.DOT: Imports: cif: by Country: Annual.

Bubble tea has surged in popularity across Australia over recent years, primarily thanks to changing consumer tastes and multicultural influences. Strong migration from Asian regions has introduced many Australians to bubble tea, shifting it from a niche beverage into a mainstream option. Shops have spread rapidly in areas with substantial Asian communities and younger demographics, notably the CBDs of Melbourne and Sydney, reflecting greater consumer acceptance of bubble tea. Over the past few years, demand for premium bubble tea drinks has remained resilient despite economic headwinds. Even though periods of weaker consumer sentiment and rising living costs have weighed on discretionary spending, many consumers have continued to purchase high-quality bubble tea as an affordable luxury. Younger consumers, in particular, have viewed bubble tea as a healthier and more appealing alternative to traditional beverages like alcohol, cementing consistent demand among this valuable demographic. At the same time, rising health awareness has prompted bubble tea shops to invest in offering healthier versions containing lower sugar levels, dairy-free substitutes and health-driven ingredients, broadening their market appeal and pushing up industrywide profitability. Expanding interest in bubble tea is expected to have uplifted revenue at an annualised 0.5% over the five years through 2024-25 to $480.7 million. This includes an anticipated hike in revenue of 4.2% in 2024-25 as household discretionary incomes improve. The industry is on track to continue expanding over the coming years, driven by improvements in consumer sentiment and discretionary incomes. Strengthening economic conditions will encourage consumers to spend more on discretionary items like premium bubble tea. Nonetheless, intensifying competition and rising input costs could pose risks if bubble tea shops can't effectively price their products competitively relative to rivals and substitutes. Overall, industry revenue is forecast to climb at an annualised 1.9% over the five years through 2029-30 to total $528.3 million.

Length of residence and the odds of stillbirth in migrants from specific ethnic backgrounds compared to the Australian-born population.

Among countries with the highest number of overseas Chinese on each continent, the largest Chinese diaspora community is living in Indonesia, numbering more than ten million people. Most of these people are descendants from migrants born in China, who have moved to Indonesia a long time ago. On the contrary, a large part of overseas Chinese living in Canada and Australia have arrived in these countries only during the last two decades. China as an emigration country Many Chinese people have emigrated from their home country in search of better living conditions and educational chances. The increasing number of Chinese emigrants has benefited from loosened migration policies. On the one hand, the attitude of the Chinese government towards emigration has changed significantly. Overseas Chinese are considered to be strong supporters for the overall strength of Chinese culture and international influence. On the other hand, migration policies in the United States and Canada are changing with time, expanding migration opportunities for non-European immigrants. As a result, China has become one of the world’s largest emigration countries as well as the country with the highest outflows of high net worth individuals. However, the mass emigration is causing a severe loss of homegrown talents and assets. The problem of talent and wealth outflow has raised pressing questions to the Chinese government, and a solution to this issue is yet to be determined. Popular destinations among Chinese emigrants Over the last decades, English speaking developed countries have been popular destinations for Chinese emigrants. In 2022 alone, the number of people from China naturalized as U.S. citizens had amounted to over 27,000 people, while nearly 68,000 had obtained legal permanent resident status as “green card” recipients. Among other popular immigration destinations for Chinese riches are Canada, Australia, Europe, and Singapore.

BackgroundThe modern human colonization of Eurasia and Australia is mostly explained by a single-out-of-Africa exit following a southern coastal route throughout Arabia and India. However, dispersal across the Levant would better explain the introgression with Neanderthals, and more than one exit would fit better with the different ancient genomic components discovered in indigenous Australians and in ancient Europeans. The existence of an additional Northern route used by modern humans to reach Australia was previously deduced from the phylogeography of mtDNA macrohaplogroup N. Here, we present new mtDNA data and new multidisciplinary information that add more support to this northern route.MethodsMtDNA hypervariable segments and haplogroup diagnostic coding positions were analyzed in 2,278 Saudi Arabs, from which 1,725 are new samples. Besides, we used 623 published mtDNA genomes belonging to macrohaplogroup N, but not R, to build updated phylogenetic trees to calculate their coalescence ages, and more than 70,000 partial mtDNA sequences were screened to establish their respective geographic ranges.ResultsThe Saudi mtDNA profile confirms the absence of autochthonous mtDNA lineages in Arabia with coalescence ages deep enough to support population continuity in the region since the out-of-Africa episode. In contrast to Australia, where N(xR) haplogroups are found in high frequency and with deep coalescence ages, there are not autochthonous N(xR) lineages in India nor N(xR) branches with coalescence ages as deep as those found in Australia. These patterns are at odds with the supposition that Australian colonizers harboring N(xR) lineages used a route involving India as a stage. The most ancient N(xR) lineages in Eurasia are found in China, and inconsistently with the coastal route, N(xR) haplogroups with the southernmost geographical range have all more recent radiations than the Australians.ConclusionsApart from a single migration event via a southern route, phylogeny and phylogeography of N(xR) lineages support that people carrying mtDNA N lineages could have reach Australia following a northern route through Asia. Data from other disciplines also support this scenario.

Characteristics of the population of the study.

Australia Imports: cif: Emerging and Developing Economies: Emerging and Developing Asia: China, People Republic: Mainland data was reported at 73.543 USD bn in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 81.926 USD bn for 2022. Australia Imports: cif: Emerging and Developing Economies: Emerging and Developing Asia: China, People Republic: Mainland data is updated yearly, averaging 369.945 USD mn from Dec 1948 (Median) to 2023, with 76 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 81.926 USD bn in 2022 and a record low of 3.850 USD mn in 1952. Australia Imports: cif: Emerging and Developing Economies: Emerging and Developing Asia: China, People Republic: Mainland data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.IMF.DOT: Imports: cif: by Country: Annual.