In April 2025, global inflation rates and central bank interest rates showed significant variation across major economies. Most economies initiated interest rate cuts from mid-2024 due to declining inflationary pressures. The U.S., UK, and EU central banks followed a consistent pattern of regular rate reductions throughout late 2024. In early 2025, Russia maintained the highest interest rate at 21 percent, while Japan retained the lowest at 0.5 percent. Varied inflation rates across major economies The inflation landscape varies considerably among major economies. China had the lowest inflation rate at -0.1 percent in April 2025. In contrast, Russia maintained a high inflation rate of 10.2 percent. These figures align with broader trends observed in early 2025, where China had the lowest inflation rate among major developed and emerging economies, while Russia's rate remained the highest. Central bank responses and economic indicators Central banks globally implemented aggressive rate hikes throughout 2022-23 to combat inflation. The European Central Bank exemplified this trend, raising rates from 0 percent in January 2022 to 4.5 percent by September 2023. A coordinated shift among major central banks began in mid-2024, with the ECB, Bank of England, and Federal Reserve initiating rate cuts, with forecasts suggesting further cuts through 2025 and 2026.

Key information about Australia Long Term Interest Rate

• Australia Government Bond Yield: Australian Government: 10 Years was reported at 4.42 % pa in Feb 2025, compared with 4.48 % pa in the previous month.
• Australia Long Term Interest Rate data is updated monthly, available from Jul 1969 to Feb 2025.
• The data reached an all-time high of 16.50 % pa in Aug 1982 and a record low of 0.80 % pa in Oct 2020.
• Long Term Interest Rate is reported by reported by Reserve Bank of Australia.

• In the latest reports, Australia Short Term Interest Rate: Month End: Bank Acceptance Bills Rates: 90 days was reported at 4.12 % pa in Feb 2025.
• The cash rate (Policy Rate: Month End: Cash Target Rate) was set at 4.10 % pa in Feb 2025.
• Australia Exchange Rate against USD averaged 1.49 (USD/AUD) in Jun 2023.

A comparison of the Australian target cash rate and the overnight interbank lending rate shows that, after around a decade of being identical, the economic impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic led to the actual overnight lending rate being lower than the Reserve Bank of Australia's target rate. This means that banks are lending to each other at lower rates than the "official" interest rate. One reason for this is the that the Reserve bank has made money available to banks in several new ways over this period (such as repo agreements where banks can pledge assets for short term funds), increasing liquidity in the banking system. As of May 2024, the overnight interbank cash rate and the target cash rate stood at 4.32 and 4.35 percent, respectively.

Australia Lending Interest Rate data was reported at 5.101 % pa in 2019. This records a decrease from the previous number of 5.261 % pa for 2018. Australia Lending Interest Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 7.269 % pa from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2019, with 60 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 16.458 % pa in 1989 and a record low of 5.000 % pa in 1960. Australia Lending Interest Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.World Bank.WDI: Interest Rates. Lending rate is the bank rate that usually meets the short- and medium-term financing needs of the private sector. This rate is normally differentiated according to creditworthiness of borrowers and objectives of financing. The terms and conditions attached to these rates differ by country, however, limiting their comparability.;International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics and data files.;;

The real interest rate in Australia decreased by 1.8 percentage points (-54.05 percent) in 2019 in comparison to the previous year. This was a significant decrease in the real interest rate. Real interest rate is the adjusted lending interest rate to remove the effects of inflation, as measured by the GDP deflator (implicit price deflator).Find more statistics on other topics about Australia with key insights such as deposit interest rate, domestic credit to the private sector as a share of GDP, and market capitalization of listed domestic companies as a share of GDP.

The benchmark interest rate in New Zealand was last recorded at 3.25 percent. This dataset provides - New Zealand Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Australia Deposit Interest Rate data was reported at 1.558 % pa in 2019. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1.979 % pa for 2018. Australia Deposit Interest Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 4.529 % pa from Dec 1981 (Median) to 2019, with 39 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 18.346 % pa in 1989 and a record low of 1.558 % pa in 2019. Australia Deposit Interest Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.World Bank.WDI: Interest Rates. Deposit interest rate is the rate paid by commercial or similar banks for demand, time, or savings deposits. The terms and conditions attached to these rates differ by country, however, limiting their comparability.;International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics and data files.;;

In a survey conducted in November 2024, around 60 percent of homeowners with a mortgage stated that they are prepared for mortgage interest rates to remain at the current level into next year before potential rate cuts start. In contrast, approximately 28 percent of homeowners and 22 percent of investors claimed that they were not.

Mortgage lenders are dealing with the RBA's shift to a tighter monetary policy, as it fights heavy inflation. Since May 2022, the RBA has raised the benchmark cash rate, which flows to interest rates on home loans. This represents a complete reversal of the prevailing approach to monetary policy taken in recent years. Over the course of the pandemic, subdued interest rates, in conjunction with government incentives and relaxed interest rate buffers, encouraged strong mortgage uptake. With the RBA's policy reversal, authorised deposit-taking institutions will need to balance their interest rate spreads to ensure steady profit. A stronger cash rate means more interest income from existing home loans, but also steeper funding costs. Moreover, increasing loan rates mean that prospective homeowners are being cut out of the market, which will slow demand for new home loans. Overall, industry revenue is expected to rise at an annualised 0.4% over the past five years, including an estimated 2.2% jump in 2023-24, to reach $103.4 billion. APRA's regulatory controls were updated in January 2023, with new capital adequacy ratios coming into effect. The major banks have had to tighten up their capital buffers to protect against financial instability. Although the ‘big four’ banks control most home loans, other lenders have emerged to foster competition for new loanees. Technological advances have made online-only mortgage lending viable. However, lenders that don't take deposits are more reliant on wholesale funding markets, which will be stretched under a higher cash rate. Looking ahead, technology spending isn't slowing down, as consumers continue to expect secure and user-friendly online financial services. This investment is even more pressing, given the ongoing threat of cyber-attacks. Industry revenue is projected to inch upwards at an annualised 0.8% over the five years through 2028-29, to $107.7 billion.

Interbank Rate in Australia decreased to 4 percent in May from 4.09 percent in April of 2025. This dataset provides - Australia Three Month Interbank Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

From 2010 to 2017, Australia had the highest short-term interest rate among selected countries worldwide. Afterward, its rates became more aligned with those of Canada and the United States. The lowest short-term interest rates during this period were found in the Euro area and Japan, as well as in the United States until 2015, where rates remained below 1 percent. In 2021, all regions except Japan experienced a decrease in interest rates. However, in the following years, rates increased again to between 3 and 5 percent, with the exception of Japan, which maintained an interest rate close to zero.

The Finance sector's operating environment was previously characterised by record-low interest rates. Nonetheless, high inflation prompted the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) to hike the cash rate from May 2022 onwards. This shift allowed financial institutions to impose higher loan charges, propelling their revenue. Banks raised interest rates quicker than funding costs in the first half of 2022-23, boosting net interest margins. The introduction of the Term Funding Facility (TFF) also provided financial institutions access to cost-effective funding, contributing to their profit margin in recent years. However, sophisticated competition, the mortgage war and the expiry of TFF have curbed profitability gains. The robust residential property market, bolstered by housing price growth and government incentives like the First Home Owner Grant, has enhanced the revenues of many lenders. Larger financial institutions are combatting intensified competition from neobanks and fintechs by upscaling their technology investments and augmenting their digital offerings. Notable examples include the launch of ANZ Plus by ANZ and Commonwealth Bank's Unloan. Overall, sector revenue is expected to rise at an annualised 6.1% over the five years through 2024-25, to $473.4 billion. This growth trajectory includes an estimated 6.4% decline in 2024-25 driven by potential rate cuts in 2025, which will weigh on interest income. The Big Four banks will continue accelerating technology investments and partnerships to counter threats from fintech startups and neobanks. As cybersecurity risks and regulations evolve, financial institutions will gear up to strengthen their focus on shielding sensitive customer data and preserving trust. In the face of fierce competition, evolving regulations and shifting customer preferences, consolidation through M&As is poised to be a viable trend for survival and growth, especially among smaller financial institutions like credit unions. While rate cuts and TFF funding shifts will challenge profitability within the sector, expansionary economic policies are poised to stimulate business and mortgage lending activity, presenting opportunities for strategic growth in a dynamic market. These trends are why Finance sector revenue is forecast to rise by an annualised 1.8% over the five years through the end of 2029-30, to $518.8 billion

As of the end of March 2025, the average mortgage interest rate for Australian owner-occupier borrowers was around *** percent. In comparison, the average investor interest rate was approximately *** percent. These rates refer to outstanding housing loans from banks and registered financial corporations. New loans financed in that month had even similar interest rates, at *** percent for owner-occupiers and *** percent for investors, respectively.

Mortgage Rate in Australia decreased to 5.97 percent in March from 6.03 percent in February of 2025. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for Australia Mortgage Rate.

The industry has grown on the back of increased loan volumes and high interest rates. A high interest rate environment has allowed non-bank lenders to charge higher rates, boosting their revenue. However, it has also hiked their funding costs, hindering profitability as net interest margins plunged. The mortgage war in 2023 saw authorised deposit-taking institutions (ADIs) offer competitive rates and attractive packages like cashback. This trend intensified competition and squeezed non-bank lenders' margins in the mortgage segment. Non-bank lenders have attracted a broader consumer base by providing flexible lending terms and user-friendly platforms. They have also filled the service gap left by traditional lenders because of tight lending standards, like increased capital requirements and serviceability buffers. Nonetheless, challenging economic conditions and inflationary pressures have limited non-bank lenders' involvement in commercial loans. In addition, supply chain disruptions have weakened construction-related loans. As supply chain issues have eased, commercial loans' contribution to revenue has gradually recovered. Overall, industry revenue is expected to have surged at an annualised 14.0% over the five years through 2024-25, to $38.6 billion. This includes an anticipated 3.1% fall in 2024-25 due to expected rate cuts that will lower the interest rates that non-bank lenders charge. In the coming years, non-bank lenders are set to tap into the commercial sector thanks to improving economic conditions. They will capitalise on commercial sector opportunities by presenting innovative solutions to diverse financial needs. A digital transformation trend within this industry is allowing better consumer service and competitiveness than traditional ADIs. However, competition is set to heighten as ADIs innovate and diversify their loan products. Notable examples include CommBank's Unloan and NAB's Green Finance for Commercial Real Estate. Emerging neobanks are adding to competitive pressures. As non-bank lenders gain prominence in Australia's financial system, regulatory bodies may ramp up their oversight to ensure financial stability. More stringent regulations will lift compliance costs for non-bank lenders in the short term, curbing their growth in the competitive financial services landscape. Overall, revenue is forecast to grow at an annualised 1.7% over the five years through 2029-30, to $41.9 billion.

The Real Estate Valuation Services industry has undergone tumultuous conditions over the five years through 2024-25. During the pandemic, the Federal Reserve of Australia cut interest rates to near 0% as it acted to stimulate the Australian economy. With these record-low rates, many homeowners took the opportunity to refinance mortgages, capturing equity and substantially reducing their monthly repayments. Real estate valuators benefited from this trend by providing services to determine property value, enabling lending institutions to price and later approve new loans accurately. More recently, interest rates have been hiked in an effort to curb sticky inflation. This has led to declining revenue for the Real Estate Valuation Services industry, creating highly volatile conditions. Overall, revenue is expected to have slumped at an annualised 3.1% over the five years through 2024-25, to $600.9 million. This includes an anticipated drop of 0.3% in 2024-25. Historically, a few providers have dominated the industry’s intense market concentration. However, the emergence of independent, single-employee businesses and the increasing availability of efficient valuation software have intensified price competition within the industry, eroding industrywide profitability. In the coming years, the industry will benefit from lower interest rates, which will once again empower more households to refinance mortgages. The number of dwelling commencements is also projected to rebound, providing ample work for valuers through an influx of initial appraisals. The Real Estate Valuation Services industry's revenue is forecast to expand at an annualised 3.1% over the five years through 2029-30, to $701.1 billion.

Australia Deposit Rate: Bank Term Deposits: AUD 10000: Average Rate data was reported at 3.200 % pa in Mar 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 3.250 % pa for Feb 2025. Australia Deposit Rate: Bank Term Deposits: AUD 10000: Average Rate data is updated monthly, averaging 3.350 % pa from Feb 2002 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 278 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5.250 % pa in Sep 2008 and a record low of 0.150 % pa in Apr 2022. Australia Deposit Rate: Bank Term Deposits: AUD 10000: Average Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Reserve Bank of Australia. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.M003: Deposit Rate.

Australia Bank Accepted Bills Rates: Monthly Average: 90 Days data was reported at 4.020 % pa in Apr 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 4.120 % pa for Mar 2025. Australia Bank Accepted Bills Rates: Monthly Average: 90 Days data is updated monthly, averaging 5.810 % pa from Jun 1969 (Median) to Apr 2025, with 671 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 21.750 % pa in May 1974 and a record low of 0.000 % pa in Nov 1969. Australia Bank Accepted Bills Rates: Monthly Average: 90 Days data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Reserve Bank of Australia. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.M006: Bank Acceptance Bills Rate.

Bank Bill Swap Rate in Australia decreased to 3.70 percent on Thursday June 5 from 3.71 in the previous day. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for Australia Bank Bill Swap Rate.

Foreign Banks: Demand Loan Rate: High: Commonwealth Bank of Australia data was reported at 9.250 % pa in Sep 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 10.400 % pa for Jun 2016. Foreign Banks: Demand Loan Rate: High: Commonwealth Bank of Australia data is updated quarterly, averaging 10.900 % pa from Sep 2011 (Median) to Sep 2016, with 20 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 12.000 % pa in Sep 2012 and a record low of 9.250 % pa in Sep 2016. Foreign Banks: Demand Loan Rate: High: Commonwealth Bank of Australia data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Reserve Bank of India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Interest and Foreign Exchange Rates – Table IN.MB037: Lending Rate: Other than Export Credit: Demand Loan Rate: High.