Exchange Rate: RBA: New Zealand Dollar to Australian Dollar data was reported at 1.079 AUD/NZD in Apr 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1.100 AUD/NZD for Mar 2025. Exchange Rate: RBA: New Zealand Dollar to Australian Dollar data is updated monthly, averaging 1.147 AUD/NZD from Jul 1969 (Median) to Apr 2025, with 670 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.763 AUD/NZD in Nov 1984 and a record low of 0.997 AUD/NZD in Nov 1972. Exchange Rate: RBA: New Zealand Dollar to Australian Dollar data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Reserve Bank of Australia. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.M009: Exchange Rate.

Graph and download economic data for U.S. Dollars to Australian Dollar Spot Exchange Rate (DEXUSAL) from 1971-01-04 to 2025-07-03 about Australia, exchange rate, currency, rate, and USA.

Exchange Rate: RBA: Euro to Australian Dollar data was reported at 0.564 AUD/EUR in Apr 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.580 AUD/EUR for Mar 2025. Exchange Rate: RBA: Euro to Australian Dollar data is updated monthly, averaging 0.621 AUD/EUR from Jan 1999 (Median) to Apr 2025, with 316 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.858 AUD/EUR in Jul 2012 and a record low of 0.492 AUD/EUR in Dec 2008. Exchange Rate: RBA: Euro to Australian Dollar data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Reserve Bank of Australia. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.M009: Exchange Rate.

The historical data in this table are sourced from Becker C and M Sinclair (2004), :Profitability of Reserve Bank Foreign Exchange Operations: Twenty Years After the Float-C/, RB Research Discussion Paper No 2004-06. Updates to the data are published annually with a one-year lag.

It is not appropriate to use the :Market-C/ series as a proxy for foreign exchange market intervention. The RB engages in spot or forward transactions with dealers in the market virtually every day. Most of these transactions are not intended to influence the exchange rate. Rather, they occur to cover orders for foreign exchange from clients such as the Australian Government. When the RB sells foreign exchange to a client, it has the choice of meeting this out of its holdings of foreign exchange or buying the equivalent amount of foreign exchange in the market. Most of the time it does the latter, though even then the timing of the sale and purchase may not coincide precisely. The RB can also engage in foreign exchange transactions with counterparties other than dealers as a means of covering client orders.

Daily net foreign exchange transactions, net sales (-) and purchases (+), are reported according to the date on which the trade took place. This is in contrast to the monthly transactions data in Table A.4, which are reported according to the day on which settlement took place. Another difference to Table A.4 is that interest received on holdings of foreign assets is not included.

aMarketa transactions are foreign exchange transactions against the Australian dollar (excluding foreign exchange swaps) undertaken by the RB with authorised foreign exchange dealers in Australia or banks overseas.

aGovernment and other counterpartiesa transactions include the RBAas foreign exchange transactions with the Australian Government, outright transactions with other central banks and international financial institutions that are not intended to affect the exchange rate, and transactions with clients other than the Australian Government.

The historical data in this table are sourced from Becker C and M Sinclair (2004), :Profitability of Reserve Bank Foreign Exchange Operations: Twenty Years After the Float-C/, RB Research Discussion …Show full descriptionThe historical data in this table are sourced from Becker C and M Sinclair (2004), :Profitability of Reserve Bank Foreign Exchange Operations: Twenty Years After the Float-C/, RB Research Discussion Paper No 2004-06. Updates to the data are published annually with a one-year lag. It is not appropriate to use the :Market-C/ series as a proxy for foreign exchange market intervention. The RB engages in spot or forward transactions with dealers in the market virtually every day. Most of these transactions are not intended to influence the exchange rate. Rather, they occur to cover orders for foreign exchange from clients such as the Australian Government. When the RB sells foreign exchange to a client, it has the choice of meeting this out of its holdings of foreign exchange or buying the equivalent amount of foreign exchange in the market. Most of the time it does the latter, though even then the timing of the sale and purchase may not coincide precisely. The RB can also engage in foreign exchange transactions with counterparties other than dealers as a means of covering client orders. Daily net foreign exchange transactions, net sales (-) and purchases (+), are reported according to the date on which the trade took place. This is in contrast to the monthly transactions data in Table A.4, which are reported according to the day on which settlement took place. Another difference to Table A.4 is that interest received on holdings of foreign assets is not included. aMarketa transactions are foreign exchange transactions against the Australian dollar (excluding foreign exchange swaps) undertaken by the RB with authorised foreign exchange dealers in Australia or banks overseas. aGovernment and other counterpartiesa transactions include the RBAas foreign exchange transactions with the Australian Government, outright transactions with other central banks and international financial institutions that are not intended to affect the exchange rate, and transactions with clients other than the Australian Government.

Exchange Rate: RBA: UK Pound Sterling to Australian Dollar data was reported at 0.479 AUD/GBP in Apr 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.485 AUD/GBP for Mar 2025. Exchange Rate: RBA: UK Pound Sterling to Australian Dollar data is updated monthly, averaging 0.494 AUD/GBP from Jul 1969 (Median) to Apr 2025, with 670 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.780 AUD/GBP in Oct 1976 and a record low of 0.335 AUD/GBP in Sep 2001. Exchange Rate: RBA: UK Pound Sterling to Australian Dollar data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Reserve Bank of Australia. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.M009: Exchange Rate.

Graph and download economic data for Real Broad Effective Exchange Rate for Australia (RBAUBIS) from Jan 1994 to May 2025 about Australia, broad, exchange rate, currency, real, and rate.

Graph and download economic data for Real Narrow Effective Exchange Rate for Australia (RNAUBIS) from Jan 1964 to May 2025 about Australia, exchange rate, currency, real, rate, and indexes.

Exchange Rate: RBA: Indian Rupee to Australian Dollar data was reported at 54.580 AUD/INR in Apr 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 53.670 AUD/INR for Mar 2025. Exchange Rate: RBA: Indian Rupee to Australian Dollar data is updated monthly, averaging 52.510 AUD/INR from Jan 2010 (Median) to Apr 2025, with 184 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 59.640 AUD/INR in Aug 2013 and a record low of 39.390 AUD/INR in May 2010. Exchange Rate: RBA: Indian Rupee to Australian Dollar data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Reserve Bank of Australia. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.M009: Exchange Rate.

This report analyses the exchange rate of the Australian dollar (AU$) in terms of the US dollar (US$). The exchange rate is determined by the supply and demand for each currency in the pair. The major drivers of the supply and demand for currencies are: interest rates; GDP growth; inflation; current account positions; equity flows; and the demand and price of commodities. The data for this report is sourced from the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) and is measured in US dollars. The RBA records the average monthly exchange rate on the last trading day of each month, and annual rates are calculated as the average of monthly rates over the financial year.

Figures for ‘RBA foreign exchange transactions’, ‘Change in reserve assets due to valuation’ and ‘Total change in reserve assets’ refer to period totals. All other figures are end period values.

‘RBA foreign exchange transactions’, sales (-) and purchases (+), are reported according to the date on which settlement takes place (‘value date’).

‘Market’ transactions are foreign exchange transactions against the Australian dollar (excluding foreign exchange swaps) undertaken by the RBA with authorised foreign exchange dealers in Australia or banks overseas.

‘Australian Government’ transactions are the RBA’s foreign exchange transactions with the Australian Government.

‘Other outright’ transactions include the RBA’s outright transactions with other central banks, international financial institutions which are not intended to affect the exchange rate, clients other than the Australian Government, and interest received on holdings of foreign assets.

‘Swap deliveries’ are RBA foreign exchange swap transactions that settled during the period, excluding swaps conducted with the Federal Reserve as part of the USD Swap Facility. For the period January 1995 until February 1996 ‘Other outright’ includes ‘Swap deliveries’.

‘Official reserve assets’ comprise holdings of ‘Foreign exchange’, ‘Gold’ and ‘Other’ reserve assets, which comprise Special Drawing Rights, Reserve position in the IMF and the net value of swap transactions conducted with the Federal Reserve as part of the USD Swap Facility.

‘Outstanding forward foreign exchange commitments’ mainly reflect market values of the second leg of RBA swap transactions outstanding and, from time to time, outstanding RBA outright forward transactions. Prior to July 2002 contract values are reported.

The sum of ‘Gold’ and ‘Foreign exchange’ may differ from figures reported in the weekly Statement of Liabilities and Assets and the RBA’s Annual Report. From 1 July 1996, foreign currency securities sold under repurchase agreements are retained for accounting purposes as foreign currency investments in the RBA’s balance sheet, in accordance with standard accounting treatment. For the purpose of reporting foreign exchange reserves in this table, however, securities sold under repurchase agreements are excluded. In addition, from 20 December 2006, foreign exchange sales (-) and purchases (+) are reported for accounting purposes according to the date on which they are contracted (‘trade date’). For the purpose of reporting foreign exchange reserves in this table, however, foreign exchange transactions are reported according to the date on which settlement takes place (‘value date’).

Exchange Rate: RBA: Japanese Yen to Australian Dollar data was reported at 91.430 AUD/JPY in Apr 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 93.620 AUD/JPY for Mar 2025. Exchange Rate: RBA: Japanese Yen to Australian Dollar data is updated monthly, averaging 93.710 AUD/JPY from Jul 1969 (Median) to Apr 2025, with 670 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 450.550 AUD/JPY in Aug 1974 and a record low of 56.110 AUD/JPY in Oct 2000. Exchange Rate: RBA: Japanese Yen to Australian Dollar data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Reserve Bank of Australia. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.M009: Exchange Rate.

Graph and download economic data for Broad Effective Exchange Rate for Australia (NBAUBIS) from Jan 1994 to May 2025 about Australia, broad, exchange rate, currency, rate, and indexes.

Foreign Exchange Reserves in Australia decreased to 101948 AUD Million in June from 105636 AUD Million in May of 2025. This dataset provides - Australia Foreign Exchange Reserves - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Daily bulletin time series available since 2/1/2002, for the Euro, and since 28/11/1984, for the other currencies. For the American Dollar, this data set shows administered rates until March, 1990 and free rates from then on (Resolution 1690/1990). Administered rates are those set by the Central Bank of Brazil; from March, 1992, this rate started being called Ptax rate (close). Until 30/6/2011, this rate was calculated as the average rate, weighed by volume, of all interbank operations traded on that day. Starting on 1/7/2011 (Circular 3506/2010), the Ptax rate calculation corresponds to the arithmetic average of four daily quotes provided by Central Bank of Brazil’s foreign exchange dealers; the quotes must reflect market conditions at that time. Parities of the other currencies against the American Dollar (USD) are obtained from information agencies. Currencies rates against the Brazilian currency are calculated dividing the Brazilian currency rate against the American Dollar by the parities against the American Dollar for type A currencies, and multiplying the Brazilian currency rate against the American Dollar by the parities against the American Dollar for type B currencies. Available currencies: Danish Krone (DKK) Type A Norwegian Krone (NOK) Type A Swedish Krona (SEK) Type A American Dollar (USD) Type A Australian Dollar (AUD) Type B Canadian Dollar (CAD) Type A Euro (EUR) Type B Swiss Franc (CHF) Type A Japanese Yen (JPY) Type A British Pound (GBP) Type B Unit of measure: Type A currencies: Parity (American Dollar): quantity in the currency per one unit of American Dollar (USD); Rates (Brazilian currency): quantity in the Brazilian currency per one unit of the currency Type B currencies: Parity (American Dollar): quantity in American Dollars (USD) per one unit of the currency; Rates (Brazilian currency): quantity in the Brazilian currency per one unit of the currency Example of how to calculate type A currencies rates in the Brazilian currency, considering the Real (BRL) as the domestic currency and the Canadian Dollar (CAD) as the foreign currency: CADBRL bid rate = USDBRL bid rate ÷ USDCAD offer parity CADBRL offer rate = USDBRL offer rate ÷ USDCAD bid parity Example of how to calculate type B currencies rates in the Brazilian currency, considering the Real (BRL) as the domestic currency and the Euro (EUR) as the foreign currency: EURBRL bid rate = EURUSD bid parity × USDBRL bid rate EURBRL offer rate = EURUSD offer parity × USDBRL offer rate Source: Refinitiv, except for USDBRL The Central Bank assumes no responsibility whatsoever for non-simultaneity or any lack of information, as well as for possible errors in currency parities or any other errors, except the parity of the United States dollar in relation to the Real. The institution also assumes no responsibilty for delays or the unavailability of telecommunications services, interruptions, failures or imprecisions in the providing of the services or information. The Central Bank likewise assumes no responsibility for any losses or damages consequent upon such interruptions, delays, failings or imperfections, as well as for the inadequate use of the information contained in the transaction. af829095-9d8c-4c1d-a77f-48e4d51f7a71 exchange-rates-daily-bulletins

Exchange Rate: RBA: Hong Kong Dollar to Australian Dollar data was reported at 4.977 AUD/HKD in Apr 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 4.885 AUD/HKD for Mar 2025. Exchange Rate: RBA: Hong Kong Dollar to Australian Dollar data is updated monthly, averaging 5.766 AUD/HKD from Nov 1983 (Median) to Apr 2025, with 498 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8.537 AUD/HKD in Jul 2011 and a record low of 3.814 AUD/HKD in Mar 2001. Exchange Rate: RBA: Hong Kong Dollar to Australian Dollar data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Reserve Bank of Australia. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.M009: Exchange Rate.

Australia Exchange Rate: RBA: Trade Weighted Index data was reported at 59.900 May1970=100 in Apr 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 59.600 May1970=100 for Mar 2025. Australia Exchange Rate: RBA: Trade Weighted Index data is updated monthly, averaging 63.300 May1970=100 from May 1970 (Median) to Apr 2025, with 660 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 121.300 May1970=100 in Jan 1974 and a record low of 47.000 May1970=100 in Sep 2001. Australia Exchange Rate: RBA: Trade Weighted Index data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Reserve Bank of Australia. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.M009: Exchange Rate.

Exchange Rate: US Dollar to Australian Dollar data was reported at 0.642 AUD/USD in Apr 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.628 AUD/USD for Mar 2025. Exchange Rate: US Dollar to Australian Dollar data is updated monthly, averaging 0.775 AUD/USD from Jul 1969 (Median) to Apr 2025, with 670 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.488 AUD/USD in Aug 1974 and a record low of 0.489 AUD/USD in Mar 2001. Exchange Rate: US Dollar to Australian Dollar data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Reserve Bank of Australia. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.M009: Exchange Rate.

The AUD/USD exchange rate fell to 0.6547 on July 14, 2025, down 0.41% from the previous session. Over the past month, the Australian Dollar has strengthened 0.37%, but it's down by 3.18% over the last 12 months. Australian Dollar - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

‘System cash position’ is an estimate of the change in the aggregate level of Exchange Settlement (ES) balances at the RBA, prior to the RBA’s open market operations on that day. A negative value indicates a projected fall in the level of ES balances, while a positive value indicates a projected rise. The estimate is based on information about settlements arising from transactions by the RBA’s clients, including the Australian Government, as well as the RBA’s own transactions, and is announced at 9:30 am each trading day.

‘Outright transactions’ is the cash value of purchases and sales, conducted as part of the Bank’s open market operations, of securities issued by the Australian Government and State and Territory central borrowing authorities with remaining terms to maturity up to around 18 months. A positive value indicates the RBA has purchased securities while a negative value indicates the RBA has sold securities.

‘Foreign exchange swaps’ is the aggregate value of the first leg of foreign exchange swaps transacted for same-day value specifically for domestic liquidity management purposes. A positive value indicates the RBA has sold Australian dollars for foreign currency while a negative value indicates the RBA has purchased Australian dollars. The value of the second leg of a foreign exchange swap is captured in the ‘System cash position’ on the unwind date.

‘Repurchase agreements (RPs)’ is the amount of the first leg of securities bought/sold by the RBA under repurchase agreement (RP). 'General Collateral' refers to eligible eligible securities issued by the Australian Government, State and Territory governments, supranational institutions, foreign governments and government agencies as well as eligible securities with a sovereign government guarantee. ‘Private securities’ covers all other eligible collateral, including ADI-issued securities (eligible bank-issued discount securities and certificates of deposit with 12 months or less to maturity and bonds issued by ADIs), asset-backed securities (eligible residential mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed commercial paper) and eligible commercial paper. A positive value indicates the RBA has purchased securities under RPs while a negative value indicates the RBA has sold securities under RPs. It does not include RPs which are transacted through the RBA’s overnight RP facility. The value of the second leg of all RPs is captured in the ‘System cash position’ on the respective value dates.

‘Exchange Settlement account balances (end day)’ is the aggregate of all ES balances held at the RBA at the close of business. Unexpected movements in ES balances and overnight RPs transacted through the RBA’s overnight RP facility mean that ‘Exchange Settlement account balances (end day)’ will not necessarily be the sum of the previous day’s ‘Exchange Settlement account balances (end day)’, the ‘System cash position’ and the total of ‘Open market operations’ transacted.

‘Overnight repurchase agreements with RBA’ is the aggregate of the first leg of securities bought by the RBA through the overnight RP facility. These data are updated with a one month lag.

Outright Transaction Details

The 'Outright Transactions Details' sheet provides further information on the outright purchases and sales of Bonds and Discount Securities issued by the Australian Commonwealth, State & Territory Governments, conducted as part of the Bank's open market operations. “Issuer” is the acronym of the issuer of the bond/security. A positive “Face value dealt” indicates a purchase while a negative value indicates a sale. 'Weighted average rate' is the average of the rates dealt for each bond/security, weighted by the amount transacted. 'Cut-off rate' is the lowest yield accepted.

Repo Details

The Repo Details sheets provide a summary of the type of securities delivered to/by the RBA under RP at each term dealt through the open market operations. 'Govt and Quasi-Govt Repo Details' covers repo against General Collateral (eligible securities issued by the Australian Government, State and Territory governments, supranational institutions, foreign governments and government agencies as well as eligible securities with a sovereign government guarantee). ‘Private securities’ covers all other eligible collateral, including ADI-issued securities (eligible bank-issued discount securities and certificates of deposit with 12 months or less to maturity and bonds issued by ADIs), asset-backed securities (eligible residential mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed commercial paper) and eligible commercial paper.

'Term' is the number of days dealt in open market operations.

'Value Dealt' is the amount of the first leg of securities bought/sold by the RBA under RP.

Weighted average rate' is the is the average of the rates on RPs dealt by the RBA through open market operations, weighted by the amount transacted.

'Cut-off rate' is the lowest rate dealt by the RBA through open market operations for each term dealt.

Repo Unwinds

The Repos Unwinds sheet provides a summary of the value of repurchase agreements due to unwind in the future, for both General Collateral and Private Securities. The unwind amount is equal to the sum of the total value dealt to that date plus accrued interest.