In 2023, there were over *** thousand international students enrolled in higher education across Australia. The number of international students enrolled in higher education in Australia has increased from 2009, when there were just over ******* students from overseas. Studying in Australia has become extremely popular due to its high standard of education and multicultural environment. Education export income For Australian citizens, tertiary education is made more accessible through government supported subsidies and a payment deferral scheme. However, non-citizens and international students must pay the full cost of their degree, which can be well over ****** Australian dollars per year. Despite the relatively high cost of education in Australia, it is a popular choice for international students and education exports contribute significantly to the Australian economy. In 2023 alone, the total value of education exports in Australia was **** billion Australian dollars, bringing the income back to pre-COVID-19 values. International student fees are also the second most valuable source of income for universities, after funding from the Australian government. International student population With the substantial income that international students bring to tertiary institutions, it is perhaps unsurprising that the proportion of international students at many Australian universities can be as high as ** percent of the total student population. In 2023, the total number of international students enrolled in higher education numbered almost *** thousand, with Chinese students making up almost a quarter of the International student population. The majority of international students come from Asia and the Indian subcontinent, however students from Brazil and Columbia were among the top ten international student groups in 2023.

Dataset that underlies the paper 'A population perspective on international students in Australian universities' by Heller and Leeder, where we explore the contribution to global educational equity through population rates of international student enrolment in Australian universities. Paper is submitted for publication.

Australia School Enrollment: Secondary: Private: % of Total Secondary data was reported at 47.462 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 46.835 % for 2021. Australia School Enrollment: Secondary: Private: % of Total Secondary data is updated yearly, averaging 46.246 % from Dec 2015 (Median) to 2022, with 8 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 52.759 % in 2018 and a record low of 40.457 % in 2016. Australia School Enrollment: Secondary: Private: % of Total Secondary data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.World Bank.WDI: Social: Education Statistics. Private enrollment refers to pupils or students enrolled in institutions that are not operated by a public authority but controlled and managed, whether for profit or not, by a private body such as a nongovernmental organization, religious body, special interest group, foundation or business enterprise.;UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS). UIS.Stat Bulk Data Download Service. Accessed April 5, 2025. https://apiportal.uis.unesco.org/bdds.;Weighted average;

Australia School Enrollment: Secondary: Female: % Net data was reported at 92.694 % in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 93.153 % for 2016. Australia School Enrollment: Secondary: Female: % Net data is updated yearly, averaging 89.695 % from Dec 1993 (Median) to 2017, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 93.628 % in 2015 and a record low of 88.292 % in 1995. Australia School Enrollment: Secondary: Female: % Net data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.World Bank.WDI: Social: Education Statistics. Net enrollment rate is the ratio of children of official school age who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers.;UNESCO Institute for Statistics (http://uis.unesco.org/). Data as of February 2020.;Weighted average;

Over the past 20 years, the share of the Australian population that holds a degree at a bachelor level or above has increased by more than six times, reaching 50.8 percent in 2022. Since May of 2023, however, that number has dropped to only 32 percent. In Australia, the tertiary education sector comprises both public and private institutions. The student body is comprised of both domestic and international students. University graduate employment Domestic students make up most of the graduates within Australia. The vast majority of graduates in 2022 found full-time employment after studying, with the fields of medicine, pharmacy and rehabilitation having the highest rates of employment post graduation. Dentistry graduates earned the highest median full-time salary of recent university graduates in the country. International study landscape International students are a rapidly growing segment of Australia’s tertiary education sector. The export income from international student activities amounted to just under 36.5 billion Australian dollars in 2023. Chinese students accounted for the largest share of international student enrollments in the same period. Students completing their studies at Australian universities are attracted to the prestige of obtaining a degree at some of the best universities in the world. Moreover, graduates have the opportunity to enter the Australian labor market and to apply for a permanent visa in the country.

There were more than *** thousand Chinese student enrollments in Australia as of June 2022, with approximately ***** thousand enrolled in the higher education sector alone. This high figure is largely in part to many institutions readily accepting international students, as well as the use of English as the main language in most educational courses. The limited amount of university spots in China due to its large population also forces Chinese students to look overseas for education opportunities. Demographic of international students in Australia   Australia has the largest proportion of international students in higher education, with almost ******* of all higher education students in the country being international students. Furthermore, Chinese students make up the biggest share of these international students, with almost twice as many students as second-placed India. Education as a source of income   While the cost of education is regulated for local students, universities in Australia can set their own prices for internationals. This creates a market where institutions are permitted to set prices to match the high demand for education. The export income from international education activity in Australia reached tens of billions of dollars over the past decade. Despite the high cost of entry, there is still plenty of demand with some universities such as the University of New South Wales having more than ** percent of students coming from overseas.

Student Performance Prediction in Higher Education Dataset Description This dataset contains data representing student performance in higher education institutions across Australia. The dataset is designed to aid in the prediction of student performance based on a variety of academic, personal, and socio-economic factors. some data including university names have been removed for privacy concerns.

Dataset Summary Total Records: 100,256 Total Features: 51 Target Variable: Performance Features Student ID: Unique identifier for each student. University ID: Unique identifier for each university. University Name: Name of the university. Age: Age of the student. Gender: Gender of the student. Major: Student's major or field of study. Year of Study: Current year/level of study (e.g., freshman, sophomore). GPA: Grade Point Average. High School GPA: GPA from high school. Entrance Exam Score: Score on university entrance exams. Attendance Rate: Percentage of classes attended. Participation in Extracurricular Activities: Whether the student participates in extracurricular activities (0 = No, 1 = Yes). Part-time Job: Whether the student has a part-time job (0 = No, 1 = Yes). Hours of Study per Week: Average number of hours spent studying per week. Family Income: Family's annual income. Parental Education Level: Highest education level attained by parents. Accommodation Type: Type of accommodation (Dormitory, Off-campus, With family). Distance from Home to University: Distance between student's home and the university. Internet Access at Home: Whether the student has internet access at home (0 = No, 1 = Yes). Library Usage: Frequency of library usage (number of visits per week). Access to Academic Resources: Availability of academic resources (0 = No, 1 = Yes). Health Condition: Student's health condition (Excellent, Good, Fair, Poor). Mental Health Status: Self-reported mental health status (Excellent, Good, Fair, Poor). Scholarship: Whether the student receives a scholarship (0 = No, 1 = Yes). Financial Aid: Whether the student receives financial aid (0 = No, 1 = Yes). Tutor Support: Whether the student has access to a tutor (0 = No, 1 = Yes). Counseling Services: Whether the student uses counseling services (0 = No, 1 = Yes). Transportation Mode: Mode of transportation to university (Walking, Biking, Public Transport, Car). Hours of Sleep per Night: Average number of hours slept per night. Diet Quality: Self-reported diet quality (Excellent, Good, Fair, Poor). Exercise Frequency: Frequency of exercise per week. Social Integration: Level of social integration within the university (Excellent, Good, Fair, Poor). Peer Support: Availability of peer support (0 = No, 1 = Yes). Language Proficiency: Proficiency in the language of instruction (Excellent, Good, Fair, Poor). Use of Online Learning Platforms: Frequency of using online learning platforms. Class Participation: Level of participation in class discussions (Excellent, Good, Fair, Poor). Project/Assignment Scores: Average scores on projects and assignments. Midterm Exam Scores: Scores on midterm exams. Final Exam Scores: Scores on final exams. Attendance at Office Hours: Frequency of attending professors' office hours. Group Work Participation: Participation in group work (0 = No, 1 = Yes). Research Involvement: Involvement in research projects (0 = No, 1 = Yes). Internship Experience: Whether the student has internship experience (0 = No, 1 = Yes). Peer Reviews: Scores or feedback from peer reviews. Academic Advising: Frequency of meetings with academic advisors. Learning Style: Preferred learning style (Visual, Auditory, Kinesthetic, Reading/Writing). Study Environment: Quality of study environment (Excellent, Good, Fair, Poor). Core Course Average: Average scores in core courses. Extracurricular Participation: Level of participation in extracurricular activities (0 = No, 1 = Yes). Peer Evaluations: Peer feedback on collaborative work. Performance: Overall performance label (Excellent, Good, Satisfactory, Needs Improvement, Poor). Target Variable - Performance The target variable Performance is a categorical feature representing the overall performance of the student. The possible values are:

Excellent: Top-performing students. Good: Above-average performance. Satisfactory: Average performance. Needs Improvement: Below-average performance. Poor: Poor performance.

Usage

This dataset can be used for:

Predictive modeling to identify factors influencing student performance. Analyzing trends and patterns in student performance across different universities. Developing interventions to support students at risk of poor performance. Acknowledgements This dataset provides a rich resource for researchers and educators interested in student performance prediction and the factors that influence academic success in higher education institutions in Australia.

Australia School Enrollment: Tertiary: Male: % Gross data was reported at 85.645 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 91.061 % for 2021. Australia School Enrollment: Tertiary: Male: % Gross data is updated yearly, averaging 30.372 % from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2022, with 36 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 99.169 % in 2016 and a record low of 21.909 % in 1970. Australia School Enrollment: Tertiary: Male: % Gross data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.World Bank.WDI: Social: Education Statistics. Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Tertiary education, whether or not to an advanced research qualification, normally requires, as a minimum condition of admission, the successful completion of education at the secondary level.;UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS). UIS.Stat Bulk Data Download Service. Accessed April 5, 2025. https://apiportal.uis.unesco.org/bdds.;Weighted average;

This table contains education indicators (public primary school student teacher ratio, enrollment rate, high educated persons) for ACT (SA3) and surrounding NSW Councils (LGA) from various sources such as ACARA, ACT Department of Education and Population Census.

List of South Australian Government Schools with the number of students (Persons and FTE) enrolled at the most recent census collection (Term 3 2013), by age grouping.

The Education and Training division has faced challenges in recent years, driven by shifting enrolment patterns, regulatory pressures and the rapid integration of online learning options into a division that has long operated in face-to-face classrooms. While many institutions within the division are not-for-profit, private establishments strive to make a profit, particularly within the Technical and Vocational Education and Training industry, which boasts the highest profit margin at 36.0% compared to the division’s margin of 5.1%. Industrywide revenue is expected to have contracted at an annualised 0.7% over the five years through 2024-25 to total $173.5 billion. This includes an anticipated dip of 1.6% in 2024-25. Despite the advantages the Private Schools industry boasts over the Government Schools industry, the Federal Government's Better and Fairer Schools Agreement and the full rollout of the Quality Schools package will go a long way to rebalancing the disparity between private and public schools. In early 2025, Queensland joined all other states and territories in signing the Better and Fairer Schools Agreement and committing to fund public schools to 100% of the Schooling Resource Standard by 2034. The agreement dictates that the Federal Government will contribute 25.0% of the funding for government schools, with 75.0% coming from the states and territories. New South Wales, Victoria and Queensland dominate the Education and Training division because of their large populations, which lead to an abundance of schools and students. Certain segments, like government schools and universities, exhibit higher market share concentration because of the significant barriers to entry compared to segments like sports instruction. The division is contending with intensifying competition from substitutes like self-education and on-the-job training. Over the coming years, new government policies and technological advancements will influence the Education and Training division. The Australian Government's attempts to introduce international student caps and the implementation of student visa price rises will limit the international student market, potentially resulting in job losses and stifling growth opportunities. Universities are losing their competitive edge as substitutes like self-education expand in popularity and employer preferences shift away from traditional degrees. Education departments will improve teacher wellbeing by improving workload expectations, resulting in national education standards improving. The Quality Schools package will boost Commonwealth funding, prioritising public schools over private ones. Revenue is forecast to climb at an annualised 1.8% over the five years through 2029-30 to $189.3 billion.

Australia: Tertiary school enrollment, percent of all eligible children: The latest value from 2022 is 106.24 percent, a decline from 112.69 percent in 2021. In comparison, the world average is 55.47 percent, based on data from 119 countries. Historically, the average for Australia from 1970 to 2022 is 51.64 percent. The minimum value, 16.61 percent, was reached in 1970 while the maximum of 119.68 percent was recorded in 2015.

Australia School Enrollment: Secondary: Male: % Gross data was reported at 135.833 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 137.575 % for 2021. Australia School Enrollment: Secondary: Male: % Gross data is updated yearly, averaging 144.063 % from Dec 1993 (Median) to 2022, with 13 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 170.072 % in 2015 and a record low of 133.068 % in 1994. Australia School Enrollment: Secondary: Male: % Gross data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.World Bank.WDI: Social: Education Statistics. Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers.;UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS). UIS.Stat Bulk Data Download Service. Accessed April 5, 2025. https://apiportal.uis.unesco.org/bdds.;Weighted average;

Australia Gender Parity Index (GPI): Secondary School Enrollment: Gross data was reported at 0.962 Ratio in 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.934 Ratio for 2019. Australia Gender Parity Index (GPI): Secondary School Enrollment: Gross data is updated yearly, averaging 0.962 Ratio from Dec 1993 (Median) to 2020, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.032 Ratio in 1997 and a record low of 0.867 Ratio in 2016. Australia Gender Parity Index (GPI): Secondary School Enrollment: Gross data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.World Bank.WDI: Social: Education Statistics. Gender parity index for gross enrollment ratio in secondary education is the ratio of girls to boys enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.;UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS). UIS.Stat Bulk Data Download Service. Accessed October 24, 2022. https://apiportal.uis.unesco.org/bdds.;Weighted average;

AU: School Enrollment: Preprimary: % Gross data was reported at 160.214 % in 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of 166.161 % for 2019. AU: School Enrollment: Preprimary: % Gross data is updated yearly, averaging 78.549 % from Dec 1971 (Median) to 2020, with 45 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 166.993 % in 2016 and a record low of 64.549 % in 1981. AU: School Enrollment: Preprimary: % Gross data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.World Bank.WDI: Social: Education Statistics. Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Preprimary education refers to programs at the initial stage of organized instruction, designed primarily to introduce very young children to a school-type environment and to provide a bridge between home and school.;UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS). UIS.Stat Bulk Data Download Service. Accessed October 24, 2022. https://apiportal.uis.unesco.org/bdds.;Weighted average;

During a survey conducted among young people aged 15 to 19 living in Australia in 2020, over ** percent of respondents who identified as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander reported studying full time, compared to just under ** percent of non-Indigenous respondents.

In a survey conducted in 2023 in Australia, ** percent of young people indicated that after finishing school, they planned to go to university. Only ** percent of those surveyed said they planned to attend TAFE or college.

The University and Other Higher Education industry is grappling with the post-pandemic landscape. The COVID-19 outbreak significantly shifted the industry's demand and delivery methods. Social distancing requirements and operational constraints caused most universities to pivot online. Remote learning has remained embedded into teaching post-pandemic, providing convenience for students and profitability benefits for universities. A heightened focus on research during the pandemic offset revenue lost from declines in tuition fees. This trend has been slowing and is under additional threat from a US Government that appears intent on reducing its funding for foreign-based research, to the detriment of Australian institutions. The industry's labour market has been volatile as the pandemic pushed universities to increasingly casualise their workforces. Controversies over underpayment have led to reputational damage and strikes among major Australian universities. Melbourne University's enforceable agreement with the Fair Work Ombudsman to pay more than $72.0 million to over 25,000 staff highlights the magnitude of these disputes. Economic and demographic factors have aided the industry's post-pandemic recovery despite these pressures. A depreciating Australian dollar has benefited returning international students, while growth in the population of people aged 18 to 25 has bolstered domestic enrolments. Lower secondary school retention rates, slipping during the pandemic, are dampening this growth. Overall, revenue is expected to drop at an annualised 1.9% to an estimated $38.8 billion over the five years through 2024-25. This trend includes a 0.6% drop in revenue anticipated for 2024-25. The outlook for the industry is promising, driven by changing labour market conditions and demographic trends. Stricter visa requirements to control migration will pose challenges. However, the industry will face these constrictions by constructing new student accommodation facilities, allowing institutions to enrol international students beyond their designated cap. The consolidation of the University of Adelaide and the University of South Australia into Adelaide University in 2026 will intensify competition for enrolments, particularly from international students, given its ambitious ranking goals. These factors mean revenue is forecast to climb at an annualised 2.1% to $43.1 billion through the end of 2029-30.

The Private Schools industry has grown minimally over the past five years, with rising government funding and elevated tuition fees managing to keep revenue growth slightly above the inflation rate. Government funding initiatives are a crucial revenue stream for private schools, while tuition fees remain the primary funding source for staff salaries, facility upkeep and extracurricular programs. The industry’s enterprise count has expanded, boosting employment numbers. This trend, alongside sectorwide pay rises, has led to an uptick in the industry's wage bill. Elevated purchase expenses have also weighed on the Private Schools industry, contributing to weaker surplus margins, which the industry states in place of profit margins. Private schools' esteemed reputation and perceived pathways to top-tier universities continue to fuel enrolment growth. In 2025, enrolments are set to surpass 1.5 million students. However, a marginal dip in the number of Catholic primary schools symbolises evolving societal attitudes towards religiosity and the impact of this on education choices. Revenue is expected to have inched upwards at an annualised 0.1% over the five years through 2024-25. This includes an anticipated drop of 1.3% in 2024-25 due to inflation, as the unadjusted revenue figure of $37.1 billion exceeds the revenue figure recorded in 2023-24. Increased federal government funding, which is slated to surpass $21.0 billion by 2027-28, is set to drive significant growth in industry revenue over the coming years. However, private schools will likely face greater scrutiny surrounding funding policies, which could lead to variations in funding structures. A forecast boost in the school-age population presents an opportunity for industry expansion. At the same time, legislation capping international student numbers at Australian universities may harm international student enrolment trends at private schools. While this would apply downwards pressure on revenue, high demand for domestic enrolments could partly offset potential reductions in demand from international students. Overall, industry revenue is forecast to rally at an annualised 2.3% over the five years through 2029-30 to $41.6 billion.

In a survey conducted in 2024 in Australia, **** percent of young people indicated that after finishing school, they planned to go to university, down from ** percent in the previous year. Close to ********* of respondents indicated that they planned to travel or take a gap year after finishing school.