This dataset presents the footprint of the proportion of underinsurance across Australia. The data is aggregated to Statistical Area Level 1 (SA1) geographic areas from the 2016 Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS). House and contents underinsurance is understood as homeowners having no house insurance and renters having no contents insurance to cover adverse events. To create this dataset, researchers developed a method to extrapolate the patterns of underinsurance evident in the 2015 Australian Survey of Social Attitudes (AuSSA), an omnibus postal survey of Australian adults (Blunsdon, 2016). To do this, they combined the results of the full model of underinsurance with the 2016 Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA) (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2019). For this spatial mapping, regression coefficients were converted to probabilities by taking the exponent of each coefficient to generate the odds ratio and then using the formula: probability = odds/(1+odds). For each SA1 unit (containing approximately 150 households), the proportion of residents or households was determined for each predictor variable from raw census data. The level of underinsurance (proportion of people predicted not to have insurance) was then predicted separately for renters and owner-occupiers for every SA1 and a single map generated by weighting the predictions by the proportion of renters and owner-occupiers per SA1. For further information about this dataset and its creation, please refer to the publication: Booth, K., & Kendal, D. (2019). Underinsurance as adaptation: Household agency in places of marketisation and financialisation. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space. Please note: The researchers acknowledge some limitations with the data, including the lack of data on rental properties. They do not know whether these properties are insured by landlord-investors and how this may be associated with sociodemographic variables and contribute to the mapping. This research was in part supported by the Australian Government through the Australian Research Council Discovery Program (DP170100096).

The DSS Payment Demographic data set is made up of: Selected DSS payment data by Geography: state/territory, electorate, postcode, LGA and SA2 (for 2015 onwards) Demographic: age, sex and …Show full descriptionThe DSS Payment Demographic data set is made up of: Selected DSS payment data by Geography: state/territory, electorate, postcode, LGA and SA2 (for 2015 onwards) Demographic: age, sex and Indigenous/non-Indigenous Duration on Payment (Working Age & Pensions) Duration on Income Support (Working Age, Carer payment & Disability Support Pension) Rate (Working Age & Pensions) Earnings (Working Age & Pensions) Age Pension assets data JobSeeker Payment and Youth Allowance (other) Principal Carers Activity Tested Recipients by Partial Capacity to Work (NSA,PPS & YAO) Exits within 3, 6 and 12 months (Newstart Allowance/JobSeeker Payment, Parenting Payment, Sickness Allowance & Youth Allowance) Disability Support Pension by medical condition Care Receiver by medical conditions Commonwealth Rent Assistance by Payment type and Income Unit type have been added from March 2017. For further information about Commonwealth Rent Assistance and Income Units see the Data Descriptions and Glossary included in the dataset. Local Government Area has been updated to reflect the Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS) 2020 boundaries from March 2021. Commonwealth Electorate Division has been updated to reflect the Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS) 2018 boundaries from March 2019. SA2 has been updated to reflect the Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS) 2016 boundaries from March 2019. Prior to this Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS) 2011 was used. From March 2017 the DSS demographic dataset will include top 25 countries of birth. For further information see the glossary. From March 2016 machine readable files containing the three geographic breakdowns have also been published for use in National Map, links to these datasets are below: 2016 SA2 2011 SA2 2018 Commonwealth Electoral Division 2016 Commonwealth Electoral Division 2013 Commonwealth Electoral Division 2020 Local Government Area 2018 Local Government Area 2014 Local Government Area Pre June 2014 Quarter Data contains: Selected DSS payment data by Geography: state/territory; electorate; postcode and LGA Demographic: age, sex and Indigenous/non-Indigenous Note: JobSeeker Payment replaced Newstart Allowance and other working age payments from 20 March 2020, for further details see: https://www.dss.gov.au/benefits-payments/jobseeker-payment For data on DSS payment demographics as at June 2013 or earlier, the department has published data which was produced annually. Data is provided by payment type containing timeseries’, state, gender, age range, and various other demographics. Links to these publications are below: Statistical Paper series Occasional Paper series, Numbers 1 & 7 Concession card data in the March and June 2020 quarters have been re-stated to address an over-count in reported cardholder numbers.

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NSW Administrative Boundaries Theme – Australian Bureau of Statistics Regional Boundaries – Local Government Area

Please Note

WGS 84 service aligned to GDA94
This dataset has spatial reference [WGS 84 ≈ GDA94] which may result in misalignments when viewed in GDA2020 environments. A similar service with a ‘multiCRS’ suffix is available which can support GDA2020, GDA94 and WGS 84 ≈ GDA2020 environments.

In due course, and allowing time for user feedback and testing, it is intended that the original service name will adopt the new multiCRS functionality

Metadata Portal Metadata Information

Export Data Access API

NSW Administrative Boundaries Theme – Australian Bureau of Statistics Regional Boundaries – Local Government Area

Please Note

WGS 84 service aligned to GDA94
This dataset has spatial reference [WGS 84 ≈ GDA94] which may result in misalignments when viewed in GDA2020 environments. A similar service with a ‘multiCRS’ suffix is available which can support GDA2020, GDA94 and WGS 84 ≈ GDA2020 environments.

In due course, and allowing time for user feedback and testing, it is intended that the original service name will adopt the new multiCRS functionality

Metadata Portal Metadata Information

This dataset presents the footprint of the proportion of underinsurance across Australia. The data is aggregated to Statistical Area Level 1 (SA1) geographic areas from the 2016 Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS). House and contents underinsurance is understood as homeowners having no house insurance and renters having no contents insurance to cover adverse events. To create this dataset, researchers developed a method to extrapolate the patterns of underinsurance evident in the 2015 Australian Survey of Social Attitudes (AuSSA), an omnibus postal survey of Australian adults (Blunsdon, 2016). To do this, they combined the results of the full model of underinsurance with the 2016 Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA) (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2019). For this spatial mapping, regression coefficients were converted to probabilities by taking the exponent of each coefficient to generate the odds ratio and then using the formula: probability = odds/(1+odds). For each SA1 unit (containing approximately 150 households), the proportion of residents or households was determined for each predictor variable from raw census data. The level of underinsurance (proportion of people predicted not to have insurance) was then predicted separately for renters and owner-occupiers for every SA1 and a single map generated by weighting the predictions by the proportion of renters and owner-occupiers per SA1. For further information about this dataset and its creation, please refer to the publication: Booth, K., & Kendal, D. (2019). Underinsurance as adaptation: Household agency in places of marketisation and financialisation. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space. Please note:

The researchers acknowledge some limitations with the data, including the lack of data on rental properties. They do not know whether these properties are insured by landlord-investors and how this may be associated with sociodemographic variables and contribute to the mapping.

This research was in part supported by the Australian Government through the Australian Research Council Discovery Program (DP170100096).

The number of Income Support Payment recipients, Family Tax Benefit recipients, selected supplementary payment recipients and Concession Card Holders at the end of each quarter for each Statistical Area Level 2 (SA2). Counts are provided from quarter 1, 2016 to the present.Abstract The Department of Social Services (DSS) provides counts of Income Support Payment recipients, Family Tax Benefit recipients, selected supplementary payment recipients and Concession Card Holders at the end of each quarter for each Statistical Area Level 2 (SA2). Counts are provided from quarter 1, 2016 to the present. The following recipients and card holders are counted.

ABSTUDY (Living Allowance) ABSTUDY (Non Living Allowance) Age Pension Austudy Carer Allowance Carer Allowance - Child Health Care Card Only Carer Payment Commonwealth Seniors Health Card Disability Support Pension Family Tax Benefit A Family Tax Benefit B Health Care Card Low Income Card Newstart Allowance Jobseeker Payment Parenting Payment Partnered Parenting Payment Single Partner Allowance Pension Concession Card Sickness Allowance Special Benefit Widow Allowance Widow B Pension Wife Pension (Partner on Age Pension) Wife Pension (Partner on Disability Support Pension) Youth Allowance (Other) Youth Allowance (Student and Apprentice) Commonwealth Rent Assistance

Why this is useful

Better understand how your local community is changing over time. Data from 2016 means both spatial and time-related analyses can be performed. Identify trajectories in the number of recipients by SA2, to identify appropriate services for changing communities. Help vulnerable communities plan for and respond to emergencies. Note: reporting rules and policy settings have changed over time. The data from different periods may not be directly comparable.Each Statistical Area is duplicated 32 times, one for each quarter. For each quarter there are over 20 benefit types. Presenting all of that information on one map is impossible. Even displaying one benefit type for all SA2s for one quarter will be slow to display. If possible limit investigations to a small geographic area or time period.To begin, decide if you want to investigate the spatial distribution of recipients of a payment type or concession card across multiple SA2s, or if you want to investigate how the number of recipients of a payment type or concession card changes over time. To view the spatial distribution of recipients of a payment type or concession card

Add this layer to a new map. Click Properties on the right hand side. Click edit layer style and click the x next to the attribute currently symbolised. Click field and select the payment type or concession card you want to investigate on the map. To display just one quarter click filter and then Add expression. Replace the current field with Quarter, select "is on" and then select a date from the list. Select a style, colour scheme and theme appropriate for the purpose of your map. Rename the layer to better reflect the payment type or concession card and quarter just selected. Click the ellipsis next to the layer name and enter a new title.

To view the distribution of social security recipients over time

Add this layer to a new map. Click Properties on the right hand side. Click edit layer style and click the x next to the attribute currently symbolised. Click field and select the payment type or concession card you want to investigate on the map. To display just a subset of SA2s click filter and then Add expression. Replace the current field with "SA2 code", "SA2 Name" or "State and Territory name", whichever will let you focus your analysis appropriately. More than one SA2 can be specified. Select a style, colour scheme and theme appropriate for the purpose of your map. Click on "Time" to display the time slider allowing you to view how the number of recipients in the chosen SA2 changes over time. Rename the layer to better reflect the payment type or concession card and quarter just selected. Click the ellipsis next to the layer name and enter a new title.

These instructions are not exhaustive and only outline two workflows possible with this layer. Currency Date modified: May 2024 Update frequency: Quarterly Data Extent Spatial Extent

West Bounding Longitude: 109.7° East Bounding Longitude: 159.4° North Bounding Latitude: -6.9° South Bounding Latitude: -45.5°

Temporal Extent January 2016 - Present Source Information Social security data is provided by the Department of Social Services.

Metadata Public listing

Statistical Areas Level 2 geographies are provided by the Australian Bureau of Statistics.

Metadata Public listing

Lineage Statement This layer was put together using two data sources: social security data provided by the Department of Social Services was joined to the Statistical Areas Level 2 provided by the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Social Security Recipients

A recipient or card holder is counted if they are current or suspended on the Centrelink payment system as at the end of the quarter. The address provided by a recipient or card holder is geocoded to determine their SA2. From December 2022, to protect individuals’ privacy, all counts have been rounded to the nearest 5. Values from 1 to 7 are rounded to 5. Zero counts are actual zeros. This may result in non-additivity for some totals. Caution should be taken in re-calculating totals from rounded data, as this may compound the effects of rounding. Prior to December 2022, where a SA2 has 5 or less recipients, the number 0 or 5 was randomly assigned to the SA2 to ensure individuals can not be identified. The payment type "Commonwealth Rent Assistance income units" is only available from March 2017. Widow B Pension ceased on 20 March 2020. Recipients were transferred to the Age Pension.

The data available at data.gov.au was used. dss-payments-by-2011-statistical-area-2.csv dss-payments-2016-sa2-jun-2019-to-mar-2023 map-historic.csv dss-demographics-2021-sa2-december-2023.csv Each file contains about 30 columns. Each row describes the number of recipients for each benefit type for the end of each quarter and the SA2 in which the recipient resides. For example, a typical line in dss-payments-2016-sa2-jun-2019-to-mar-2023 map-historic.csv looks like. 2019-03,11007,Braidwood,0,5,487,5,76,5,42,113,147,203,165,172,106,23,10,32,806,0,7,8,143,0,5,0,5,5 2019-03 - Last month of the quarter. 11007 - Unique five digit code comprising the State and Territory identifier and SA2 identifier. NSW is 1, Braidwood is 1007. Braidwood - Unique name given to each SA2. All subsequent integers are recipient and card holder counts for that SA2. In dss-demographics-2021-sa2-december-2023.csv the 9 digit identifier replaces the 5 digit code used in the previous two CSVs. This is because as at ASGS edition 3 the 5 digit codes are no longer used. See ABS for more information. Columns in each CSV were renamed to ensure consistency across the entire time period. Some columns were merged as shown below.

dss-payments-by-2011-statistical-area-2.csv dss-payments-2016-sa2-jun-2019-to-mar-2023 map-historic.csv dss-demographics-2021-sa2-december-2023.csv Becomes

JobSeeker Payment Newstart Allowance / JobSeeker Payment Newstart Allowance Newstart Allowance or JobSeeker Payment

Commonwealth Rent Assistance Commonwealth Rent Assistance Commonwealth Rent Assistance (income units) Commonwealth Rent Assistance

Pension Concession Card Pension Concession Card Pensioner Concession Card Pension Concession Card

Australian Statistical Geography - Statistical Area Level 2 The Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS) is a classification of Australia into a hierarchy of statistical areas. First introduced in 2011, the ASGS replaced the Australian Standard Geographical Classification (ASGC) that had been used since 1984. The ASGS is a social geography, developed to reflect the location of people and communities, and used for the release and analysis of statistics and other data. The ASGS is updated every 5 years to account for growth and change in Australia's population, economy and infrastructure. The Statistical Area Level 2 is the third highest resolution (third lowest level) in the ASGS hierarchy of social geography.

Three editions of ASGS are used in this product: Edition 1 2011, Edition 2 2016 and Edition 3 2021. They are all available from the ABS as ArcGIS Feature Services. ASGS 2011 SA2 ASGS 2016 SA2 ASGS 2021 SA2 Data Preparation Joining social security data to SA2 geographies The table below shows which social security CSV was joined to which ASGS Edition.

CSV file name ASGS edition

dss-payments-by-2011-statistical-area-2.csv ASGS Edition 1 2011

dss-payments-2016-sa2-jun-2019-to-mar-2023 map-historic.csv ASGS Edition 2 2016

dss-demographics-2021-sa2-december-2023.csv ASGS Edition 3 2021

After the join the ASGS edition used is assigned to each row so users know which ASGS edition is used. The first two CSVs were joined to SA2 geographies using the 5 digit code; the third CSV used the 9 digit code. Data loss The social security CSVs and corresponding ASGS editions have the following record counts.

CSV file name Recipient Row Count grouped by SA2 ASGS Edition Row Count

dss-payments-by-2011-statistical-area-2.csv 2214 2196

dss-payments-2016-sa2-jun-2019-to-mar-2023 map-historic.csv 2292 2292

dss-demographics-2021-sa2-december-2023.csv 2454 2473

The first CSV file has more SA2s than the service provided by the ABS. The second CSV has the same number and the third has less. This discrepancy is due to the inconsistent use and representation of special purpose code SA2s in both the DSS CSVs and ABS web feature services. Special purpose code SA2s are used by ABS to capture demographics for people in transit such as air and ship crews and people with no fixed address. They are not represented by geographies in the ABS provided ASGS feature

The DSS Payment Demographic data set is made up of:

Selected DSS payment data by

• Geography: state/territory, electorate, postcode, LGA and SA2 (for 2015 onwards)

• Demographic: age, sex and Indigenous/non-Indigenous

• Duration on Payment (Working Age & Pensions)

• Duration on Income Support (Working Age, Carer payment & Disability Support Pension)

• Rate (Working Age & Pensions)

• Earnings (Working Age & Pensions)

• Age Pension assets data

• JobSeeker Payment and Youth Allowance (other) Principal Carers

• Activity Tested Recipients by Partial Capacity to Work (NSA,PPS & YAO)

• Exits within 3, 6 and 12 months (Newstart Allowance/JobSeeker Payment, Parenting Payment, Sickness Allowance & Youth Allowance)

• Disability Support Pension by medical condition

• Care Receiver by medical conditions

• Commonwealth Rent Assistance by Payment type and Income Unit type have been added from March 2017. For further information about Commonwealth Rent Assistance and Income Units see the Data Descriptions and Glossary included in the dataset.

• Local Government Area has been updated to reflect the Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS) 2020 boundaries from March 2021.

• Commonwealth Electorate Division has been updated to reflect the Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS) 2018 boundaries from March 2019.

• SA2 has been updated to reflect the Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS) 2016 boundaries from March 2019. Prior to this Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS) 2011 was used.

• From March 2017 the DSS demographic dataset will include top 25 countries of birth. For further information see the glossary.

From March 2016 machine readable files containing the three geographic breakdowns have also been published for use in National Map, links to these datasets are below:

• 2016 SA2

• 2011 SA2

• 2018 Commonwealth Electoral Division

• 2016 Commonwealth Electoral Division

• 2013 Commonwealth Electoral Division

• 2020 Local Government Area

• 2018 Local Government Area

• 2014 Local Government Area

Pre June 2014 Quarter Data contains:

Selected DSS payment data by

• Geography: state/territory; electorate; postcode and LGA

• Demographic: age, sex and Indigenous/non-Indigenous

Note: JobSeeker Payment replaced Newstart Allowance and other working age payments from 20 March 2020, for further details see: https://www.dss.gov.au/benefits-payments/jobseeker-payment

For data on DSS payment demographics as at June 2013 or earlier, the department has published data which was produced annually. Data is provided by payment type containing timeseries’, state, gender, age range, and various other demographics. Links to these publications are below:

• Statistical Paper series
• Occasional Paper series, Numbers 1 & 7

Concession card data in the March and June 2020 quarters have been re-stated to address an over-count in reported cardholder numbers.