This data table provides a collection of information from peer-reviewed autism prevalence studies. Information reported from each study includes the autism prevalence estimate and additional study characteristics (e.g., case ascertainment and criteria). A PubMed search was conducted to identify studies published at any time through September 2020 using the search terms: autism (title/abstract) OR autistic (title/abstract) AND prevalence (title/abstract). Data were abstracted and included if the study fulfilled the following criteria: • The study was published in English; • The study produced at least one autism prevalence estimate; and • The study was population-based (any age range) within a defined geographic area.

The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) among children in the United States has risen dramatically over the past two decades. In 2022, an estimated 32.2 out of every 1,000 8-year-old children were identified with ASD, marking a nearly fivefold increase from the rate of 6.7 per 1,000 children in 2000. This significant upward trend underscores the growing importance of understanding and addressing ASD in American society. Gender disparities in autism diagnosis The increase in ASD prevalence is not uniform across genders. From 2016 to 2019, male children were nearly four times more likely to be diagnosed with ASD than their female counterparts. Approximately 4.8 percent of boys aged 3 to 17 years had received an ASD diagnosis at some point in their lives, compared to only 1.3 percent of girls in the same age group. This substantial gender gap highlights the need for further research into potential biological and social factors influencing ASD diagnosis rates. Racial and ethnic variations in autism prevalence Autism prevalence also varies across racial and ethnic groups. Data from 2016 to 2019 show that non-Hispanic white children aged 3 to 17 years had an ASD prevalence of 2.9 percent, while around 3.5 percent of Hispanic children had ASD. While this statistic provides insight, it is essential to consider potential disparities in diagnosis and access to services among different racial and ethnic communities. Further research and targeted interventions may be necessary to ensure equitable identification and support for children with ASD across all populations.

These statistics present a group of measures on waiting times for autism spectrum disorder diagnostic pathways, based on the time between a referral for suspected autism and the first care contact associated with that referral. There are also multiple breakdowns based on the progression and outcomes of those referrals. Each of these measures contributes to an overall picture of waiting times for diagnostic pathways. The approach is outlined in the methodology section of this publication.

The prevalence rate of autism spectrum disorder among children aged eight years in the state Georgia was estimated to be around **** per 1,000 children. Autism spectrum disorder is a developmental disability characterized by deficits in social communication and interaction as well as repetitive behavior, interest, or activity patterns. Autism spectrum disorder in childrenAmong 14 U.S. states with areas that were monitored for autism spectrum disorder in 2022, California had the highest prevalence rates of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) among children aged eight years. In 2022, California’s prevalence rate was estimated to be **** cases per 1,000 children, while the rate was about **** cases per 1,000 children in Indiana. ASD is more common among male than female children, with an estimated ** male cases per 1,000 children and ** female cases per 1,000 children in California in 2022. Limitations in a child with autism can vary between individuals and develop over time. In California, the median age of diagnosis among children with an ASD diagnosis with an IQ greater than 70 was ********* of age, in comparison to ********* for children with an ASD diagnosis and an IQ less than or equal to 70, indicating a co-occurring intellectual disability. The prevalence of ASD has increased significantly since the late 1960s by about ** to ** times. Many studies suggest that this is due to improved awareness and recognition, as well as diagnostic capabilities. Autism is likely caused by a combination of genetics and environmental factors, where people with ASD may have abnormal levels of brain serotonin, which could disrupt early brain development.

The prevalence rate of autism spectrum disorder among four-year-old children in Missouri was around 24.8 per 1,000 children in 2022. Autism spectrum disorder is a developmental disability characterized by deficits in social communication and interaction as well as repetitive behavior, interest, or activity patterns. This statistic displays the estimated prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among children aged four years in select U.S. states in 2022.

This report presents a new estimate of the prevalence of autism among adults aged 18 years and over. This was derived using data from the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (APMS 2007) in combination with data from a new study of the prevalence of autism among adults with learning disabilities, who are a key group to study because they could not take part in the APMS 2007 and have been found to have an increased risk of autism. The study was based on adults with learning disabilities living in private households and communal care establishments in Leicestershire, Lambeth and Sheffield. Whilst the study comprised a relatively small sample with limited geographical coverage and did not include the institutional population, it did include two non-mutually exclusive populations (people in communal care establishments and people with learning disabilities) which were not covered by the APMS 2007. The study demonstrates that autism is common among people with a learning disability and, in taking these into account, at 1.1 per cent nationally is slightly higher than the previous estimate of 1.0 per cent in the APMS 2007. Sensitivity analysis showed that the estimates for national prevalence produced by this study were relatively insensitive to inaccuracies caused by the limitations.

The prevalence rate of autism spectrum disorder among male children aged eight years in Georgia was estimated to be around ** per 1,000 children as of 2022. Autism spectrum disorder is a developmental disability characterized by deficits in social communication and interaction as well as repetitive behavior, interest, or activity patterns. This statistic displays the estimated prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 years in select U.S. states in 2022, by gender.

Input datasets on Ohio Birth and Autism will not be made accessible to the public due to the fact that they include individual-level data with PII. Output data are all available in tabulated form within the published manuscript. This dataset is not publicly accessible because: EPA cannot release personally identifiable information regarding living individuals, according to the Privacy Act and the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). This dataset contains information about human research subjects. Because there is potential to identify individual participants and disclose personal information, either alone or in combination with other datasets, individual level data are not appropriate to post for public access. Restricted access may be granted to authorized persons by contacting the party listed. It can be accessed through the following means: Input data can be obtained from Applications from owners of the data (Children's Hospital and Ohio Department of Health). The tabulated output data is found in the manuscript. Format: Input datasets on Ohio Birth and Autism will not be made accessible to the public due to the fact that they include individual-level data with PII. Output data are all available in tabulated form within the published manuscript (e.g., results of regression models, measures of central tendency, population characteristics, etc.). This dataset is associated with the following publication: Kaufman, J., M. Wright, G. Rice, N. Connolly, K. Bowers, and J. Anixt. AMBIENT OZONE AND FINE PARTICULATE MATTER EXPOSURES AND AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER IN METROPOLITAN CINCINNATI, OHIO. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH. Elsevier B.V., Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS, 171: 218-227, (2019).

ASD prevalence was defined by parent-reported doctor diagnoses and estimated at the county level by aggregating predicted child-level prevalence using population-based post-stratification weights.

Background: Whilst cannabis is known to be toxic to brain function and brain development in many respects it is not known if its increasing availability is associated with the rising US autism rates, whether this contribution is sufficient to effect overall trends and if its effects persist after controlling for other major covariates.

Methods: Longitudinal epidemiological study using national autism census data from the US Department of Education Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA) 1991-2011 and nationally representative drug exposure (cigarettes, alcohol, analgesic, and cocaine abuse, and cannabis use monthly, daily and in pregnancy) datasets from National Survey of Drug Use and Health and US Census (income and ethnicity) and CDC Wonder population and birth data. Geotemporospatial and causal inference analysis conducted in R.

Results: 266,950 autistic of a population of 40,119,464 eight year olds 1994-2011. At the national level after adjustment daily cannabis use was significantly related (β-estimate=4.37 (95%C.I. 4.06-4.68), P<2.2x10-16) as was cannabis exposure in the first trimester of pregnancy (β-estimate=0.12 (0.08-0.16), P=1.7x10-12). At the state level following adjustment cannabis use was significant (from β-estimate=8.41 (3.08-13.74), P=0.002); after adjustment for varying cannabis exposure by ethnicity and other covariates (from β-estimate=10.88 (5.97-15.79), P=1.4x10-5). Cannabigerol (from β-estimate=-13.77 (-19.41—8.13), P = 1.8x10-6) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (from β-estimate=1.96 (0.88-3.04), P=4x10-4) were also significant. Geospatial state-level modelling showed an exponential relationship between ASMR and both Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabigerol exposure; effect size calculations reflected this exponentiation. Exponential coefficients for the relationship between modelled ASMR and THC- and cannabigerol- exposure were 7.053 (6.39-7.71) and 185.334 (167.88-202.79; both P<2.0x10-7).

In inverse probability-weighted robust generalized linear models ethnic cannabis exposure (from β-estimate=3.64 (2.94-4.34), P=5.9x10-13) and cannabis independently (β-estimate=1.08 (0.63-1.54), P=2.9x10-5) were significant. High eValues in geospatial models indicated that uncontrolled confounding did not explain these findings. Therefore the demonstrated relationship satified the criteria of causal inference. Dichotomized legal status was geospatiotemporally linked with elevated ASMR.

Conclusions: Data show cannabis use is associated with ASMR, is powerful enough to affect overall trends, and persists after controlling for other major drug, socioeconomic, and ethnic-related covariates. Selected cannabinoids are exponentially associated with ASMR. The cannabis-autism relationship satisfies criteria of causal inference.

The global market for the diagnosis and treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is experiencing robust growth, driven by a confluence of increasing awareness, improved diagnostic tools, and advancements in therapeutic interventions. With an estimated market size of approximately USD 6,500 million in 2025, the sector is projected to expand at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of around 7.5% through 2033. This significant expansion is fueled by rising prevalence rates, greater parental advocacy, and a growing emphasis on early intervention, which are critical for improving outcomes for individuals with ASD. The market is also benefiting from increased government funding for research and support services, as well as a more comprehensive understanding of the diverse needs of the ASD population. Furthermore, the development of innovative diagnostic technologies and personalized treatment approaches, including behavioral therapies, pharmacotherapy, and emerging gene-based therapies, are key drivers contributing to the market's upward trajectory. The increasing demand for specialized care across various settings, from hospitals and clinics to home-based services, underscores the comprehensive nature of the market's evolution. The market landscape for ASD diagnosis and treatment is characterized by a dynamic interplay of established pharmaceutical giants and specialized biotechnology firms. Key players like Otsuka, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, and Eli Lilly are actively involved in developing and marketing pharmacological treatments, while companies such as Behavior Analysis, SynapDx, and Autism Therapeutics are at the forefront of diagnostic tools and specialized therapies. The market is segmented by application (hospitals, clinics, and others) and by type (adults and children), with the pediatric segment currently dominating due to the emphasis on early diagnosis and intervention. Geographically, North America, particularly the United States, leads the market, owing to high prevalence rates, advanced healthcare infrastructure, and substantial investment in research and development. Europe also holds a significant share, driven by strong healthcare systems and increasing awareness. The Asia Pacific region is poised for substantial growth, fueled by a rising population, improving healthcare access, and growing diagnostic capabilities. Despite the promising outlook, challenges such as diagnostic delays in certain regions, limited access to specialized therapies in underserved communities, and the high cost of some advanced treatments present ongoing hurdles that the industry is working to address. This report provides an in-depth analysis of the global market for the diagnosis and treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Spanning a study period from 2019 to 2033, with a base and estimated year of 2025, this research offers valuable insights into market dynamics, key players, and future trends. The report is designed for stakeholders seeking a granular understanding of this rapidly evolving sector, with an estimated market size of over $20,000 million by 2025.

This statistic shows the estimated prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 3 to 17 years in the U.S. from 2016 to 2019, by gender. In that period, around 4.8 percent of male children and 1.3 percent of female children had been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder at some point in their life.

Dataset

This dataset was created by Gaurav Dutta

Contents

This dataset tracks the updates made on the dataset "autism prevalence studies" as a repository for previous versions of the data and metadata.

IntroductionThe literature extensively examines the global incidence rate of autism, emphasizing the need to scrutinize reported figures for potential anomalies, particularly addressing overdiagnosis concerns.MethodsOur forensic analysis employing Benford's Law and Mean Absolute Deviation indicates significant statistical irregularities and potential overdiagnosis, especially post-DSM-5 implementation, suggesting diagnostic criteria changes drive upward trends. The segmented analysis reveals this relationship intensified in low-income countries post-DSM-5 while remaining non-significant in high-income nations.ResultsBased on 206 countries over 1990-2019, our findings suggest official aid received causes upward trends in autism cases for both genders. Sub-sample analysis indicates positive effects are pronounced in countries with low income, health expenditures, mental health services, government effectiveness, and weak democracies. Results remain robust through instrumental variable and lagged analyses addressing endogeneity concerns.DiscussionWhile Benford's Law suggests overdiagnosis patterns, both genuine increases and diagnostic inflation produce similar empirical results, preventing definitive conclusions. Nevertheless, these statistical red flags warrant future research and governmental vigilance when monitoring dramatic prevalence increases. This research addresses a critical literature gap, encouraging scholarly inquiry into reported autism prevalence complexities.

The autism spectrum disorder management market is expected to reach approximately USD 2.4 billion in 2025 and expand to around USD 3.9 billion by 2035, reflecting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.2% over the forecast period.

Metric	Value
Industry Size (2025E)	USD 2.4 Billion
Industry Value (2035F)	USD 3.9 Billion
CAGR (2025 to 2035)	5.2%

Country Wise Analysis

Country	CAGR (2025 to 2035)
United States	5.84%

Country	CAGR (2025 to 2035)
China	9.4%

Country	CAGR (2025 to 2035)
Germany	5.5%

Country	CAGR (2025 to 2035)
India	8.2%

Country	CAGR (2025 to 2035)
Brazil	6.8%

Competitive Outlook

Company Name	Estimated Market Share (%)
F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd	18-22%
Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	14-18%
Johnson & Johnson (Janssen)	12-16%
Curemark LLC	8-12%
Quadrant Biosciences	5-9%

The global Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) market is booming, projected to reach [estimated 2033 market size in billions] by 2033, with a CAGR of 7.6%. Discover key market drivers, trends, and regional insights in this comprehensive analysis of pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies for pediatric and adult populations.