The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) among children in the United States has risen dramatically over the past two decades. In 2022, an estimated 32.2 out of every 1,000 8-year-old children were identified with ASD, marking a nearly fivefold increase from the rate of 6.7 per 1,000 children in 2000. This significant upward trend underscores the growing importance of understanding and addressing ASD in American society. Gender disparities in autism diagnosis The increase in ASD prevalence is not uniform across genders. From 2016 to 2019, male children were nearly four times more likely to be diagnosed with ASD than their female counterparts. Approximately 4.8 percent of boys aged 3 to 17 years had received an ASD diagnosis at some point in their lives, compared to only 1.3 percent of girls in the same age group. This substantial gender gap highlights the need for further research into potential biological and social factors influencing ASD diagnosis rates. Racial and ethnic variations in autism prevalence Autism prevalence also varies across racial and ethnic groups. Data from 2016 to 2019 show that non-Hispanic white children aged 3 to 17 years had an ASD prevalence of 2.9 percent, while around 3.5 percent of Hispanic children had ASD. While this statistic provides insight, it is essential to consider potential disparities in diagnosis and access to services among different racial and ethnic communities. Further research and targeted interventions may be necessary to ensure equitable identification and support for children with ASD across all populations.

This data table provides a collection of information from peer-reviewed autism prevalence studies. Information reported from each study includes the autism prevalence estimate and additional study characteristics (e.g., case ascertainment and criteria). A PubMed search was conducted to identify studies published at any time through September 2020 using the search terms: autism (title/abstract) OR autistic (title/abstract) AND prevalence (title/abstract). Data were abstracted and included if the study fulfilled the following criteria: • The study was published in English; • The study produced at least one autism prevalence estimate; and • The study was population-based (any age range) within a defined geographic area.

The prevalence rate of autism spectrum disorder among children aged eight years in the state Georgia was estimated to be around **** per 1,000 children. Autism spectrum disorder is a developmental disability characterized by deficits in social communication and interaction as well as repetitive behavior, interest, or activity patterns. Autism spectrum disorder in childrenAmong 14 U.S. states with areas that were monitored for autism spectrum disorder in 2022, California had the highest prevalence rates of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) among children aged eight years. In 2022, California’s prevalence rate was estimated to be **** cases per 1,000 children, while the rate was about **** cases per 1,000 children in Indiana. ASD is more common among male than female children, with an estimated ** male cases per 1,000 children and ** female cases per 1,000 children in California in 2022. Limitations in a child with autism can vary between individuals and develop over time. In California, the median age of diagnosis among children with an ASD diagnosis with an IQ greater than 70 was ********* of age, in comparison to ********* for children with an ASD diagnosis and an IQ less than or equal to 70, indicating a co-occurring intellectual disability. The prevalence of ASD has increased significantly since the late 1960s by about ** to ** times. Many studies suggest that this is due to improved awareness and recognition, as well as diagnostic capabilities. Autism is likely caused by a combination of genetics and environmental factors, where people with ASD may have abnormal levels of brain serotonin, which could disrupt early brain development.

The prevalence rate of autism spectrum disorder among male children aged eight years in Georgia was estimated to be around 51 per 1,000 children as of 2022. Autism spectrum disorder is a developmental disability characterized by deficits in social communication and interaction as well as repetitive behavior, interest, or activity patterns. This statistic displays the estimated prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 years in select U.S. states in 2022, by gender.

The prevalence rate of autism spectrum disorder among four-year-old children in Missouri was around 24.8 per 1,000 children in 2022. Autism spectrum disorder is a developmental disability characterized by deficits in social communication and interaction as well as repetitive behavior, interest, or activity patterns. This statistic displays the estimated prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among children aged four years in select U.S. states in 2022.

Input datasets on Ohio Birth and Autism will not be made accessible to the public due to the fact that they include individual-level data with PII. Output data are all available in tabulated form within the published manuscript. This dataset is not publicly accessible because: EPA cannot release personally identifiable information regarding living individuals, according to the Privacy Act and the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). This dataset contains information about human research subjects. Because there is potential to identify individual participants and disclose personal information, either alone or in combination with other datasets, individual level data are not appropriate to post for public access. Restricted access may be granted to authorized persons by contacting the party listed. It can be accessed through the following means: Input data can be obtained from Applications from owners of the data (Children's Hospital and Ohio Department of Health). The tabulated output data is found in the manuscript. Format: Input datasets on Ohio Birth and Autism will not be made accessible to the public due to the fact that they include individual-level data with PII. Output data are all available in tabulated form within the published manuscript (e.g., results of regression models, measures of central tendency, population characteristics, etc.). This dataset is associated with the following publication: Kaufman, J., M. Wright, G. Rice, N. Connolly, K. Bowers, and J. Anixt. AMBIENT OZONE AND FINE PARTICULATE MATTER EXPOSURES AND AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER IN METROPOLITAN CINCINNATI, OHIO. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH. Elsevier B.V., Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS, 171: 218-227, (2019).

autism prevalence studies

  Description

This data table provides a collection of information from peer-reviewed autism prevalence studies. Information reported from each study includes the autism prevalence estimate and additional study characteristics (e.g., case ascertainment and criteria). A PubMed search was conducted to identify studies published at any time through September 2020 using the search terms: autism (title/abstract) OR autistic (title/abstract) AND… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/HHS-Official/autism-prevalence-studies.

This report presents a new estimate of the prevalence of autism among adults aged 18 years and over. This was derived using data from the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (APMS 2007) in combination with data from a new study of the prevalence of autism among adults with learning disabilities, who are a key group to study because they could not take part in the APMS 2007 and have been found to have an increased risk of autism. The study was based on adults with learning disabilities living in private households and communal care establishments in Leicestershire, Lambeth and Sheffield. Whilst the study comprised a relatively small sample with limited geographical coverage and did not include the institutional population, it did include two non-mutually exclusive populations (people in communal care establishments and people with learning disabilities) which were not covered by the APMS 2007. The study demonstrates that autism is common among people with a learning disability and, in taking these into account, at 1.1 per cent nationally is slightly higher than the previous estimate of 1.0 per cent in the APMS 2007. Sensitivity analysis showed that the estimates for national prevalence produced by this study were relatively insensitive to inaccuracies caused by the limitations.

The global Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) market, valued at $7.78 billion in 2025, is projected to experience robust growth, exhibiting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 7.6% from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is driven by several key factors. Increased awareness and early diagnosis of ASD are leading to higher treatment rates. Advances in therapeutic interventions, including both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches, offer improved outcomes for individuals with ASD and their families. Furthermore, the growing prevalence of ASD globally, coupled with increased investment in research and development of new treatments, fuels market growth. The market is segmented by therapy type (pharmacological and non-pharmacological) and age group (pediatric and adult), reflecting the diverse needs of the ASD population. Pharmacological therapies currently hold a larger market share, due to the established efficacy of certain medications in managing ASD-related symptoms. However, the non-pharmacological segment is experiencing significant growth, driven by rising interest in behavioral therapies and other holistic approaches. The adult segment shows increasing demand as individuals with ASD live longer and require continued support. Regionally, North America and Europe currently dominate the market due to established healthcare infrastructure, higher awareness, and greater access to specialized services. However, Asia-Pacific is expected to witness significant growth in the coming years, fueled by rising disposable incomes, improved healthcare access, and increasing diagnostic capabilities. Competitive pressures within the market are intense, with leading companies focusing on developing innovative therapies, expanding their geographical reach, and strengthening their market positioning through strategic collaborations and acquisitions. Challenges remain, including the high cost of treatments, accessibility issues in certain regions, and the need for more effective treatments for specific ASD-related symptoms. Despite these challenges, the long-term outlook for the ASD market remains positive, driven by sustained investment in research, growing awareness, and an increasing focus on improving the lives of individuals with ASD.

The prevalence rate of autism spectrum disorder among children aged eight years in Missouri was 14.2 per 1,000 children in 2010. In 2022, this rate was estimated to be 32.1 per 1,000 eight-year-olds. Autism spectrum disorder is a developmental disability characterized by deficits in social communication and interaction as well as repetitive behavior, interest, or activity patterns. This statistic displays the estimated prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 years in select U.S. states from 2010 to 2022.

Background: Whilst cannabis is known to be toxic to brain function and brain development in many respects it is not known if its increasing availability is associated with the rising US autism rates, whether this contribution is sufficient to effect overall trends and if its effects persist after controlling for other major covariates.

Methods: Longitudinal epidemiological study using national autism census data from the US Department of Education Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA) 1991-2011 and nationally representative drug exposure (cigarettes, alcohol, analgesic, and cocaine abuse, and cannabis use monthly, daily and in pregnancy) datasets from National Survey of Drug Use and Health and US Census (income and ethnicity) and CDC Wonder population and birth data. Geotemporospatial and causal inference analysis conducted in R.

Results: 266,950 autistic of a population of 40,119,464 eight year olds 1994-2011. At the national level after adjustment daily cannabis use was significantly related (β-estimate=4.37 (95%C.I. 4.06-4.68), P<2.2x10-16) as was cannabis exposure in the first trimester of pregnancy (β-estimate=0.12 (0.08-0.16), P=1.7x10-12). At the state level following adjustment cannabis use was significant (from β-estimate=8.41 (3.08-13.74), P=0.002); after adjustment for varying cannabis exposure by ethnicity and other covariates (from β-estimate=10.88 (5.97-15.79), P=1.4x10-5). Cannabigerol (from β-estimate=-13.77 (-19.41—8.13), P = 1.8x10-6) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (from β-estimate=1.96 (0.88-3.04), P=4x10-4) were also significant. Geospatial state-level modelling showed an exponential relationship between ASMR and both Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabigerol exposure; effect size calculations reflected this exponentiation. Exponential coefficients for the relationship between modelled ASMR and THC- and cannabigerol- exposure were 7.053 (6.39-7.71) and 185.334 (167.88-202.79; both P<2.0x10-7).

In inverse probability-weighted robust generalized linear models ethnic cannabis exposure (from β-estimate=3.64 (2.94-4.34), P=5.9x10-13) and cannabis independently (β-estimate=1.08 (0.63-1.54), P=2.9x10-5) were significant. High eValues in geospatial models indicated that uncontrolled confounding did not explain these findings. Therefore the demonstrated relationship satified the criteria of causal inference. Dichotomized legal status was geospatiotemporally linked with elevated ASMR.

Conclusions: Data show cannabis use is associated with ASMR, is powerful enough to affect overall trends, and persists after controlling for other major drug, socioeconomic, and ethnic-related covariates. Selected cannabinoids are exponentially associated with ASMR. The cannabis-autism relationship satisfies criteria of causal inference.

The global market for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) diagnostics is experiencing robust growth, projected to reach a substantial size driven by increasing prevalence of ASD, rising awareness, and advancements in diagnostic technologies. The market, valued at approximately $2.5 billion in 2025, is anticipated to exhibit a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 5% from 2025 to 2033. This growth is fueled by several key factors. Increased investment in research and development is leading to the development of more accurate and efficient diagnostic tools, moving beyond traditional behavioral assessments towards advanced genetic and neuroimaging techniques. Simultaneously, heightened awareness campaigns and earlier intervention programs are contributing to earlier diagnosis and increased demand for diagnostic services. This is further supported by expanding healthcare infrastructure, particularly in developing economies, and increased access to specialized healthcare professionals trained in ASD diagnosis. The segment encompassing hospitals and clinics represents the largest market share within the application sector, reflecting the prevalent reliance on established healthcare facilities for diagnosis and treatment. However, certain challenges persist. The heterogeneity of ASD, presenting differently across individuals, poses difficulties in standardizing diagnostic procedures. Furthermore, disparities in access to quality diagnostic services remain across geographical regions, limiting the market's full potential, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. High costs associated with advanced diagnostic technologies and the ongoing need for specialized training represent additional hurdles. Despite these restraints, the long-term outlook for the ASD diagnostics market remains optimistic, driven by continued innovation, evolving healthcare policies, and increasing societal acceptance and support for individuals with ASD. The market is expected to see significant growth across all segments, with North America and Europe holding the largest market shares initially, but significant growth anticipated in the Asia-Pacific region over the forecast period.

BackgroundThe Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) call for systematic monitoring to optimize child development outcomes. As a developmental disorder affecting children and adults, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) not only impacts individual social functioning but also places a burden on families and society. A detailed analysis of the latest global burden data on ASD can assist stakeholders in formulating support policies and interventions, thereby helping to meet the health needs of ASD.MethodsWe used data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021), compiled by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). Data were obtained through the Global Health Data Exchange (GHDx) and covered 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Variables included ASD-related prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), age-standardized rates, and the sociodemographic index (SDI).ResultsExposure to autism spectrum disorders contributed to 61823540 prevalence and 11544038 DALYs globally in 2021. Males and younger adults were high-risk populations. Higher socio-demographic index (SDI) regions were high-risk areas. The disease burden varied considerably across the GBD regions and the countries. From 1990 to 2021, the number of cases increased. The predicted results showed that the disease burden for both genders would still increase from 2022 to 2046. Countries or regions with a higher SDI have greater burden improvement potential.ConclusionThe global burden of ASD has shown a continuous upward trend, with some differences observed across gender, age groups, and SDI regions. In terms of gender, the burden of ASD among females may be underestimated. Regarding age groups, the aging process has highlighted the urgent need to address ASD in the elderly population. High-SDI regions should place greater emphasis on improving diagnostic methods and implementing precise interventions, while middle- and low-SDI regions should focus on raising public awareness and enhancing screening capabilities.

The global market for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) treatment is experiencing significant growth, projected to reach $3.142 billion in 2025 and maintain a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 4.5% from 2025 to 2033. This substantial expansion is driven by several factors. Increasing prevalence of ASD diagnoses globally, coupled with heightened awareness and improved diagnostic capabilities, fuels demand for effective therapies. Furthermore, advancements in research and development are leading to the introduction of innovative treatments, including behavioral therapies, medication, and assistive technologies. The market's growth is also influenced by supportive government initiatives and insurance coverage expansions that facilitate access to treatment for a wider population. The competitive landscape involves a diverse range of pharmaceutical companies and healthcare providers, including Curemark, LLC, Alembic Pharmaceuticals Limited, and Roche Holding AG, contributing to the market’s dynamism and ongoing innovation. The continued expansion of the ASD treatment market is expected to be influenced by evolving treatment paradigms, focusing on early intervention and personalized care approaches. Growing research into the underlying neurological mechanisms of ASD is paving the way for more targeted therapies. While challenges remain, such as variations in treatment access across different geographical regions and the high cost of certain therapies, the overall market outlook remains positive. The ongoing development of new drugs and therapies targeting specific ASD symptoms and the increasing adoption of digital health solutions for monitoring and managing ASD will further accelerate market expansion over the forecast period. The market’s segmentation is likely to further evolve, with specialized treatment options emerging for specific subgroups within the ASD spectrum.

Introduction: This chapter presents the analysis of physician-diagnosed International Classification of Diseases (ICD version 9) disorders and diseases associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in a 16-year pediatric cohort.Materials and Methods: The sample (n = 47,180; 62% male) consisted of children in the Alberta Health Services Calgary Health Region catchment under the age of 3 years, who received any physician-assigned ICD 9 diagnosis before the age of three between April 1993 and December 31, 1994. There were 111 females and 609 males with ASD diagnosed at any time between 1993 and 2010. The results detail the 16-year odds ratio (OR) associations of ASD diagnosis within the major classes of international classification of diseases (ICD 9) stratified by age and sex in the cohort. Further, for those suffering from ASD and any other disorder or disease, the analysis presents by sex, age, and duration, the proportions of all index physician-assigned ICD diagnoses, arising significantly before and after the index ASD diagnosis.Results: The rate of treated ASD in the cohort was 1 in 65 and the 16-year population rate of ASD was 62 per 10,000. For males with an ASD over the 16 year period, the ORs were significantly greater than the value one for 15 of the 17 main ICD classes and for 10 of the main ICD classes for females. Different age strata presented a more specific account of the main ICD class OR profiles. More specifically, 28 ICD disorders significantly preceded and 95 ICD disorders significantly followed ASD for females. Thirty-eight ICD disorders significantly preceded and 234 ICD disorders significantly followed ASD for males.Conclusions: The results largely confirm past studies focusing on more constrained sets of ASD morbidity. The age-stratified ORs gauge the order of risk in time for the cohort. The proportions of specific ICD disorders arising before and after ASD may be useful in respect to informing basic ASD research and ASD clinical management. Limitations are discussed.

The Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) diagnostics market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing prevalence of autism, rising awareness, and advancements in diagnostic technologies. The market, estimated at $2 billion in 2025, is projected to expand at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 10% from 2025 to 2033, reaching approximately $5.5 billion by 2033. This growth is fueled by several factors. Improved screening and diagnostic tools, including advanced genetic testing and neuroimaging techniques, are enabling earlier and more accurate diagnoses, leading to timely interventions and better outcomes. Increased government initiatives and funding for research and development in ASD diagnostics further contribute to market expansion. Moreover, growing awareness among parents and healthcare professionals is driving higher diagnostic rates. The market is segmented by diagnostic method (behavioral assessments, genetic testing, neuroimaging), age group (pediatric, adult), and geographic region. While accurate regional breakdown is unavailable, North America and Europe are currently the dominant markets due to higher awareness, better healthcare infrastructure, and extensive research activities. However, emerging economies in Asia-Pacific and Latin America are expected to demonstrate significant growth in the coming years. The presence of key players like Pfizer, Merck, Roche, SynapDx, and Curemark indicates a competitive landscape, with ongoing innovation in diagnostic techniques and service delivery models shaping market dynamics. The market, however, faces some challenges, such as high diagnostic costs, variability in diagnostic practices across regions, and limited access to advanced diagnostic tools in resource-constrained settings. Despite these challenges, the long-term outlook for the ASD diagnostics market remains positive. Continuous advancements in diagnostic technologies, coupled with rising societal awareness and increased government support, are expected to drive market expansion significantly. The focus is shifting towards earlier intervention strategies, and this trend will further stimulate demand for accurate and efficient diagnostic tools. Future growth will be particularly influenced by the development of less invasive, cost-effective diagnostic methods that can be deployed on a larger scale, making ASD diagnosis more accessible globally. The market will continue to be defined by technological innovations, strategic collaborations between diagnostic companies and healthcare providers, and a strong emphasis on improving the quality of life for individuals with ASD.

The global market for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) diagnosis and therapeutics is a rapidly expanding sector, projected to reach a significant size driven by increasing prevalence of ASD, rising awareness, and advancements in diagnostic tools and treatment options. While the provided data states a 2025 market size of $12.14 billion, the precise CAGR is missing. However, considering the robust growth drivers, a conservative estimate of 7-9% annual growth is plausible for the forecast period (2025-2033). This would translate to substantial market expansion over the next decade, exceeding $20 billion by 2033. Key drivers include improved diagnostic capabilities leading to earlier interventions, growing research and development in pharmacological and behavioral therapies, and increased government funding for ASD-related initiatives. Market segmentation reveals a significant portion attributed to children and teenagers, reflecting the early onset nature of the disorder. The leading pharmaceutical companies, including Otsuka, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Eli Lilly, and Johnson & Johnson, are actively engaged in developing and marketing innovative therapies, fueling further market expansion. The geographical distribution of the market demonstrates strong presence across North America and Europe, fueled by advanced healthcare infrastructure and higher awareness levels. However, significant growth opportunities exist in emerging markets of Asia Pacific and Middle East & Africa due to rising prevalence rates and increasing healthcare investments. Market restraints include the high cost of diagnosis and treatment, variability in the efficacy of therapies, and the need for personalized treatment approaches. Nevertheless, ongoing research and development, combined with increasing public and private investments, are expected to mitigate these challenges, ensuring consistent growth of the ASD diagnosis and therapeutics market in the coming years. This market offers lucrative opportunities for pharmaceutical companies, diagnostic providers, and therapeutic service providers focused on innovative solutions and improved patient outcomes.

The global market for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) treatment and management is experiencing significant growth, projected to reach $11.61 billion in 2025. While the provided CAGR is missing, a reasonable estimation, considering the rising prevalence of ASD and increasing investment in research and development of therapeutic interventions, would place the CAGR between 7% and 10% for the forecast period (2025-2033). This growth is fueled by several key drivers. Increased awareness and earlier diagnosis of ASD are leading to greater demand for therapeutic services, including behavioral therapies, educational interventions, and medication. Furthermore, advancements in research are leading to the development of more effective treatments and improved diagnostic tools. The market is segmented by type of ASD (Autistic Disorder, Asperger Syndrome, Childhood Disintegrative Disorder, and Others) and by patient population (Children and Teenagers, Adults), reflecting the diverse needs across the spectrum. Geographic distribution shows significant market presence in North America and Europe, driven by robust healthcare infrastructure and higher awareness levels. However, emerging markets in Asia Pacific and the Middle East & Africa are poised for substantial growth as diagnostic capabilities and access to treatment improve. Challenges include high treatment costs, limited access to specialized care in certain regions, and the variability in the effectiveness of treatments across individuals. The continued expansion of the ASD market depends on several factors. Sustained investment in research and development will be crucial for discovering innovative therapies and improving treatment outcomes. Government initiatives and healthcare policies promoting early intervention and accessible treatment options will play a significant role in driving market growth. Furthermore, collaborative efforts between researchers, healthcare providers, and advocacy groups are vital to address the unmet needs of individuals with ASD and their families. The substantial market size and projected growth highlight a significant opportunity for pharmaceutical companies, healthcare providers, and technology developers to contribute to improving the lives of individuals affected by ASD.