The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) among children in the United States has risen dramatically over the past two decades. In 2022, an estimated 32.2 out of every 1,000 8-year-old children were identified with ASD, marking a nearly fivefold increase from the rate of 6.7 per 1,000 children in 2000. This significant upward trend underscores the growing importance of understanding and addressing ASD in American society. Gender disparities in autism diagnosis The increase in ASD prevalence is not uniform across genders. From 2016 to 2019, male children were nearly four times more likely to be diagnosed with ASD than their female counterparts. Approximately 4.8 percent of boys aged 3 to 17 years had received an ASD diagnosis at some point in their lives, compared to only 1.3 percent of girls in the same age group. This substantial gender gap highlights the need for further research into potential biological and social factors influencing ASD diagnosis rates. Racial and ethnic variations in autism prevalence Autism prevalence also varies across racial and ethnic groups. Data from 2016 to 2019 show that non-Hispanic white children aged 3 to 17 years had an ASD prevalence of 2.9 percent, while around 3.5 percent of Hispanic children had ASD. While this statistic provides insight, it is essential to consider potential disparities in diagnosis and access to services among different racial and ethnic communities. Further research and targeted interventions may be necessary to ensure equitable identification and support for children with ASD across all populations.

The prevalence rate of autism spectrum disorder among white, non-Hispanic eight-year-olds in Georgia was estimated to be ** per 1,000 children as of 2022. Autism spectrum disorder is a developmental disability characterized by deficits in social communication and interaction as well as repetitive behavior, interest, or activity patterns. This statistic displays the estimated prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among children aged eight years in selected U.S. states in 2022, by race/ethnicity.

These statistics present a group of measures on waiting times for autism spectrum disorder diagnostic pathways, based on the time between a referral for suspected autism and the first care contact associated with that referral. There are also multiple breakdowns based on the progression and outcomes of those referrals. Each of these measures contributes to an overall picture of waiting times for diagnostic pathways. The approach is outlined in the methodology section of this publication.

This data table provides a collection of information from peer-reviewed autism prevalence studies. Information reported from each study includes the autism prevalence estimate and additional study characteristics (e.g., case ascertainment and criteria). A PubMed search was conducted to identify studies published at any time through September 2020 using the search terms: autism (title/abstract) OR autistic (title/abstract) AND prevalence (title/abstract). Data were abstracted and included if the study fulfilled the following criteria: • The study was published in English; • The study produced at least one autism prevalence estimate; and • The study was population-based (any age range) within a defined geographic area.

The prevalence rate of autism spectrum disorder among male children aged eight years in Georgia was estimated to be around ** per 1,000 children as of 2022. Autism spectrum disorder is a developmental disability characterized by deficits in social communication and interaction as well as repetitive behavior, interest, or activity patterns. This statistic displays the estimated prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 years in select U.S. states in 2022, by gender.

In the academic year of 2022/23, there were approximately ******* individuals 3- to 21-years-old with autism in the United States who were covered by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). This is an increase from the previous year, when ******* individuals with autism were covered under IDEA.

Background: Whilst cannabis is known to be toxic to brain function and brain development in many respects it is not known if its increasing availability is associated with the rising US autism rates, whether this contribution is sufficient to effect overall trends and if its effects persist after controlling for other major covariates.

Methods: Longitudinal epidemiological study using national autism census data from the US Department of Education Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA) 1991-2011 and nationally representative drug exposure (cigarettes, alcohol, analgesic, and cocaine abuse, and cannabis use monthly, daily and in pregnancy) datasets from National Survey of Drug Use and Health and US Census (income and ethnicity) and CDC Wonder population and birth data. Geotemporospatial and causal inference analysis conducted in R.

Results: 266,950 autistic of a population of 40,119,464 eight year olds 1994-2011. At the national level after adjustment daily cannabis use was significantly related (β-estimate=4.37 (95%C.I. 4.06-4.68), P<2.2x10-16) as was cannabis exposure in the first trimester of pregnancy (β-estimate=0.12 (0.08-0.16), P=1.7x10-12). At the state level following adjustment cannabis use was significant (from β-estimate=8.41 (3.08-13.74), P=0.002); after adjustment for varying cannabis exposure by ethnicity and other covariates (from β-estimate=10.88 (5.97-15.79), P=1.4x10-5). Cannabigerol (from β-estimate=-13.77 (-19.41—8.13), P = 1.8x10-6) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (from β-estimate=1.96 (0.88-3.04), P=4x10-4) were also significant. Geospatial state-level modelling showed an exponential relationship between ASMR and both Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabigerol exposure; effect size calculations reflected this exponentiation. Exponential coefficients for the relationship between modelled ASMR and THC- and cannabigerol- exposure were 7.053 (6.39-7.71) and 185.334 (167.88-202.79; both P<2.0x10-7).

In inverse probability-weighted robust generalized linear models ethnic cannabis exposure (from β-estimate=3.64 (2.94-4.34), P=5.9x10-13) and cannabis independently (β-estimate=1.08 (0.63-1.54), P=2.9x10-5) were significant. High eValues in geospatial models indicated that uncontrolled confounding did not explain these findings. Therefore the demonstrated relationship satified the criteria of causal inference. Dichotomized legal status was geospatiotemporally linked with elevated ASMR.

Conclusions: Data show cannabis use is associated with ASMR, is powerful enough to affect overall trends, and persists after controlling for other major drug, socioeconomic, and ethnic-related covariates. Selected cannabinoids are exponentially associated with ASMR. The cannabis-autism relationship satisfies criteria of causal inference.

The prevalence rate of autism spectrum disorder among children aged eight years in Missouri was **** per 1,000 children in 2010. In 2022, this rate was estimated to be **** per 1,000 eight-year-olds. Autism spectrum disorder is a developmental disability characterized by deficits in social communication and interaction as well as repetitive behavior, interest, or activity patterns. This statistic displays the estimated prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 years in select U.S. states from 2010 to 2022.

Input datasets on Ohio Birth and Autism will not be made accessible to the public due to the fact that they include individual-level data with PII. Output data are all available in tabulated form within the published manuscript. This dataset is not publicly accessible because: EPA cannot release personally identifiable information regarding living individuals, according to the Privacy Act and the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). This dataset contains information about human research subjects. Because there is potential to identify individual participants and disclose personal information, either alone or in combination with other datasets, individual level data are not appropriate to post for public access. Restricted access may be granted to authorized persons by contacting the party listed. It can be accessed through the following means: Input data can be obtained from Applications from owners of the data (Children's Hospital and Ohio Department of Health). The tabulated output data is found in the manuscript. Format: Input datasets on Ohio Birth and Autism will not be made accessible to the public due to the fact that they include individual-level data with PII. Output data are all available in tabulated form within the published manuscript (e.g., results of regression models, measures of central tendency, population characteristics, etc.). This dataset is associated with the following publication: Kaufman, J., M. Wright, G. Rice, N. Connolly, K. Bowers, and J. Anixt. AMBIENT OZONE AND FINE PARTICULATE MATTER EXPOSURES AND AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER IN METROPOLITAN CINCINNATI, OHIO. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH. Elsevier B.V., Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS, 171: 218-227, (2019).

The prevalence rate of autism spectrum disorder among four-year-old children in Missouri was around 24.8 per 1,000 children in 2022. Autism spectrum disorder is a developmental disability characterized by deficits in social communication and interaction as well as repetitive behavior, interest, or activity patterns. This statistic displays the estimated prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among children aged four years in select U.S. states in 2022.

Historical Dataset of Autism Model School is provided by PublicSchoolReview and contain statistics on metrics:Total Students Trends Over Years (2002-2023),Total Classroom Teachers Trends Over Years (2003-2023),Distribution of Students By Grade Trends,Student-Teacher Ratio Comparison Over Years (2003-2023),Asian Student Percentage Comparison Over Years (2006-2023),Hispanic Student Percentage Comparison Over Years (2009-2023),Black Student Percentage Comparison Over Years (2002-2023),White Student Percentage Comparison Over Years (2002-2023),Two or More Races Student Percentage Comparison Over Years (2013-2023),Diversity Score Comparison Over Years (2002-2023),Reading and Language Arts Proficiency Comparison Over Years (2010-2022),Math Proficiency Comparison Over Years (2011-2023),Science Proficiency Comparison Over Years (2021-2022),Overall School Rank Trends Over Years (2011-2023),Graduation Rate Comparison Over Years (2013-2023)

Historical Dataset of The Autism Academy Of Learning is provided by PublicSchoolReview and contain statistics on metrics:Total Students Trends Over Years (2004-2023),Total Classroom Teachers Trends Over Years (2003-2023),Distribution of Students By Grade Trends,Student-Teacher Ratio Comparison Over Years (2003-2023),Asian Student Percentage Comparison Over Years (2003-2004),Hispanic Student Percentage Comparison Over Years (2011-2021),Black Student Percentage Comparison Over Years (2004-2023),White Student Percentage Comparison Over Years (2004-2023),Two or More Races Student Percentage Comparison Over Years (2013-2023),Diversity Score Comparison Over Years (2004-2023),Reading and Language Arts Proficiency Comparison Over Years (2010-2018),Math Proficiency Comparison Over Years (2010-2023),Overall School Rank Trends Over Years (2010-2018),Graduation Rate Comparison Over Years (2011-2023)

BackgroundAutism is associated with high rates of genomic aberrations, including chromosomal rearrangements and de novo copy-number variations. These observations are reminiscent of cancer, a disease where genomic rearrangements also play a role. We undertook a correlative epidemiological study to explore the possibility that shared risk factors might exist for autism and specific types of cancer.Methodology/Principal FindingsTo determine if significant correlations exist between the prevalence of autism and the incidence of cancer, we obtained and analyzed state-wide data reported by age and gender throughout the United States. Autism data were obtained from the U.S. Department of Education via the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) (2000–2007, reported annually by age group) and cancer incidence data were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (1999–2005). IDEA data were further subdivided depending on the method used to diagnose autism (DSM IV or the Code of Federal Regulations, using strict or expanded criteria). Spearman rank correlations were calculated for all possible pairwise combinations of annual autism rates and the incidence of specific cancers. Following this, Bonferroni's correction was applied to significance values. Two independent methods for determining an overall combined p-value based on dependent correlations were obtained for each set of calculations. High correlations were found between autism rates and the incidence of in situ breast cancer (p≤10−10, modified inverse chi square, n = 16) using data from states that adhere strictly to the Code of Federal Regulations for diagnosing autism. By contrast, few significant correlations were observed between autism prevalence and the incidence of 23 other female and 22 male cancers.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that there may be an association between autism and specific forms of cancer.

The global Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) market, valued at $7.78 billion in 2025, is projected to experience robust growth, exhibiting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 7.6% from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is driven by several key factors. Increased awareness and early diagnosis of ASD are leading to higher treatment rates. Advances in therapeutic interventions, including both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches, offer improved outcomes for individuals with ASD and their families. Furthermore, the growing prevalence of ASD globally, coupled with increased investment in research and development of new treatments, fuels market growth. The market is segmented by therapy type (pharmacological and non-pharmacological) and age group (pediatric and adult), reflecting the diverse needs of the ASD population. Pharmacological therapies currently hold a larger market share, due to the established efficacy of certain medications in managing ASD-related symptoms. However, the non-pharmacological segment is experiencing significant growth, driven by rising interest in behavioral therapies and other holistic approaches. The adult segment shows increasing demand as individuals with ASD live longer and require continued support. Regionally, North America and Europe currently dominate the market due to established healthcare infrastructure, higher awareness, and greater access to specialized services. However, Asia-Pacific is expected to witness significant growth in the coming years, fueled by rising disposable incomes, improved healthcare access, and increasing diagnostic capabilities. Competitive pressures within the market are intense, with leading companies focusing on developing innovative therapies, expanding their geographical reach, and strengthening their market positioning through strategic collaborations and acquisitions. Challenges remain, including the high cost of treatments, accessibility issues in certain regions, and the need for more effective treatments for specific ASD-related symptoms. Despite these challenges, the long-term outlook for the ASD market remains positive, driven by sustained investment in research, growing awareness, and an increasing focus on improving the lives of individuals with ASD.

Historical Dataset of Autism Model School District is provided by PublicSchoolReview and contain statistics on metrics:Comparison of Diversity Score Trends,Total Revenues Trends,Total Expenditure Trends,Average Revenue Per Student Trends,Average Expenditure Per Student Trends,Reading and Language Arts Proficiency Trends,Math Proficiency Trends,Science Proficiency Trends,Graduation Rate Trends,Overall School District Rank Trends,Asian Student Percentage Comparison Over Years (2006-2023),Hispanic Student Percentage Comparison Over Years (2009-2023),Black Student Percentage Comparison Over Years (2002-2023),White Student Percentage Comparison Over Years (2002-2023),Two or More Races Student Percentage Comparison Over Years (2013-2023),Comparison of Students By Grade Trends

BackgroundTo explore the geographical pattern and temporal trend of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) epidemiology from 1990 to 2019, and perform a bibliometric analysis of risk factors for ASD.MethodsIn this study, ASD epidemiology was estimated with prevalence, incidence, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of 204 countries and territories by sex, location, and sociodemographic index (SDI). Age-standardized rate (ASR) and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) were used to quantify ASD temporal trends. Besides, the study performed a bibliometric analysis of ASD risk factors since 1990. Publications published were downloaded from the Web of Science Core Collection database, and were analyzed using CiteSpace.ResultsGlobally, there were estimated 28.3 million ASD prevalent cases (ASR, 369.4 per 100,000 populations), 603,790 incident cases (ASR, 9.3 per 100,000 populations) and 4.3 million DALYs (ASR, 56.3 per 100,000 populations) in 2019. Increases of autism spectrum disorders were noted in prevalent cases (39.3%), incidence (0.1%), and DALYs (38.7%) from 1990 to 2019. Age-standardized rates and EAPC showed stable trend worldwide over time. A total of 3,991 articles were retrieved from Web of Science, of which 3,590 were obtained for analysis after removing duplicate literatures. “Rehabilitation”, “Genetics & Heredity”, “Nanoscience & Nanotechnology”, “Biochemistry & Molecular biology”, “Psychology”, “Neurosciences”, and “Environmental Sciences” were the hotspots and frontier disciplines of ASD risk factors.ConclusionsDisease burden and risk factors of autism spectrum disorders remain global public health challenge since 1990 according to the GBD epidemiological estimates and bibliometric analysis. The findings help policy makers formulate public health policies concerning prevention targeted for risk factors, early diagnosis and life-long healthcare service of ASD. Increasing knowledge concerning the public awareness of risk factors is also warranted to address global ASD problem.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction, alongside restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior. This study aimed to analyze the temporal trends and project the future burden of ASD in Japan. Using Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 data, we analyzed prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and age-standardized rates (ASR) (1992-2021) through age-period-cohort modeling, joinpoint regression, and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) forecasting. Age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) increased significantly (Average Annual Percentage Change [AAPC]=0.2744; 95%CI:0.2606-0.2882), with males disproportionately affected (male-to-female ratio 4:1). By 2050, crude prevalence is projected to decline 14.2%, while ASPR will rise 18.0%. Japan’s ASD burden exceeds global averages, necessitating targeted interventions across the lifespan. These findings highlight the increasing burden of ASD in Japan and underscore the urgent need for enhanced healthcare planning and resource allocation.