In the United States, active duty Armed Forces personnel tended to be young, with the majority under the age of 30 years old. In 2023, there were 546,361 U.S. Defense Armed personnel aged 25 and under. In the age group 26 to 30, there were 275,756 Armed Forces personnel.

In 2024, the average age for personnel in the UK Armed Forces overall was 31 years old. The average age of those serving in the British Army was also **, with the average age rising to ** for the Royal Navy and Marines, and was ** for the Royal Air Force (RAF). The average age for officers in the Armed Forces was **, with this rising to ** for officers in the Royal Air Force. Personnel falls to historical lows in 2024 Overall, there has been a long-term decline in the size of the armed forces, with the number of personnel declining from over ******* in 2000, to around ******* by 2024. In fact, the size of the armed forces has been in almost constant decline since the end of World War Two. Britain's retreat from its colonial empire throughout this period removed many of the UK's overseas commitments, with the end of the Cold War also leading to further cuts to personnel. Operational deaths since the Second World War Since 1945 there have been ***** operational deaths in the United Kingdom’s armed forces, with the deadliest year occurring in 1951 when there were *** deaths. This was due to three separate conflicts: the Malayan Emergency, the 1951 Anglo-Egyptian War and the Korean War. Since 1959, there were only three years that had more than 100 operational deaths: 1972, 1973 and 1982. By comparison, between 2016 and 2024, there have been only **** operational deaths, with just *** death reported throughout the whole of 2023.

In the fiscal year of 2019, 21.39 percent of active-duty enlisted women were of Hispanic origin. The total number of active duty military personnel in 2019 amounted to 1.3 million people.

Ethnicities in the United States The United States is known around the world for the diversity of its population. The Census recognizes six different racial and ethnic categories: White American, Native American and Alaska Native, Asian American, Black or African American, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander. People of Hispanic or Latino origin are classified as a racially diverse ethnicity.

The largest part of the population, about 61.3 percent, is composed of White Americans. The largest minority in the country are Hispanics with a share of 17.8 percent of the population, followed by Black or African Americans with 13.3 percent. Life in the U.S. and ethnicity However, life in the United States seems to be rather different depending on the race or ethnicity that you belong to. For instance: In 2019, native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders had the highest birth rate of 58 per 1,000 women, while the birth rae of white alone, non Hispanic women was 49 children per 1,000 women.

The Black population living in the United States has the highest poverty rate with of all Census races and ethnicities in the United States. About 19.5 percent of the Black population was living with an income lower than the 2020 poverty threshold. The Asian population has the smallest poverty rate in the United States, with about 8.1 percent living in poverty.

The median annual family income in the United States in 2020 earned by Black families was about 57,476 U.S. dollars, while the average family income earned by the Asian population was about 109,448 U.S. dollars. This is more than 25,000 U.S. dollars higher than the U.S. average family income, which was 84,008 U.S. dollars.

In 2023, 42.14 percent of U.S. men aged 75 years and over were veterans - the highest share of any age group or gender. In comparison, less than one percent of women aged 75 and over were veterans at that time.

In 2024, about 3.13 million veterans in the United States were male and between 35 and 54 years of age. In the same age group, about 652,000 females were veterans in that year.

BackgroundVeterans who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, questioning, and related identities (LGBTQ+) have faced discrimination that puts them at increased risk for depression, anxiety, and suicide. Upstream interventions like the PRIDE in All Who Served program can improve internalized prejudice, suicidality, symptoms of depression, and symptoms of anxiety by addressing minority stress, facilitating social connection, and promoting engagement with the healthcare system. Yet, little is known about who benefits most from these types of services.Methods and materialsSixty-six US military veterans (Mean age = 47.06, SD = 13.74) provided outcome surveys before and after a 10-week health promotion group for LGBTQ+ individuals at one of 10 Veterans Health Administration (VA) Medical Centers. Subscales of a coping self-efficacy measure (e.g., problem-solving, social support, thought-stopping), and demographic factors were examined as moderators of treatment outcomes.ResultsCoping self-efficacy moderated effects across treatment outcomes with those lower in coping self-efficacy beliefs reporting the greatest benefit of the intervention. Reduction in anxiety symptoms was moderated only by problem-solving coping self-efficacy, while suicidality was moderated only by social support. Reduction of internalized prejudice and depression symptoms were moderated by both problem-solving and social support coping self-efficacy, while thought-stopping (a frequent target of traditional cognitive therapies) only moderated internalized prejudice, but not clinical symptom indicators. Most demographic factors (e.g., age, race, gender) did not impact treatment outcomes; however, sexual orientation was significant such that those who identified as bisexual, queer, or something else (e.g., pansexual) had greater reductions in internalized prejudice than their single gender-attracted peers.Discussion and conclusionIndividual differences like coping self-efficacy and sexual orientation are rarely considered in clinical care settings when shaping policy or implementing tailored programs. Understanding implications for who is most likely to improve could inform program refinement and implementation of affirming interventions for minoritized people.

North America Aircraft MRO Market was valued at USD 26.96 Billion in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 44.58 Billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 4.1% from 2026 to 2032.North America Aircraft MRO Market Key DriversThe North American aircraft Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul (MRO) market is a robust and growing sector, fueled by a complex interplay of economic, operational, and technological factors. As airlines recover from the pandemic and face new challenges, the demand for MRO services continues to expand. The market's growth is driven by the necessity of ensuring safety and airworthiness, while also improving fleet efficiency and extending the life of valuable assets. This article explores the key drivers propelling the North American aircraft MRO market.Rising Air Travel and Higher Fleet Utilization: The significant increase in air passenger traffic and flight frequencies is a primary catalyst for the MRO market. With airlines maximizing the utilization of their fleets to meet soaring demand, aircraft spend more time in the air. This higher operational tempo directly translates into a greater need for both scheduled and unscheduled maintenance. Routine checks and service intervals are shortened, and the likelihood of unexpected repairs increases, driving a consistent and high volume of work for MRO providers. The post-pandemic rebound in travel has amplified this trend, creating a continuous maintenance workload that boosts demand for everything from line maintenance to major overhauls.Aging Fleet and Heavy Maintenance Cycle: The North American commercial aircraft fleet is aging, with the average age of many aircraft creating a sustained maintenance workload often referred to as a maintenance super-cycle. As aircraft get older, they require more frequent and intensive heavy checks, C-checks, and D-checks, which are comprehensive overhauls of the airframe, systems, and components. These checks are far more complex and costly than routine maintenance, involving extensive retrofits and structural repairs. This ongoing need for heavy maintenance provides a reliable and long-term source of revenue for MRO providers, as airlines invest in keeping their valuable older assets airworthy and compliant rather than retiring them prematurely.

Demographic characteristics of study participants who completed a follow-up visit prior to the final (6-month) visit.

Description of participation by follow-up visit and allocation group.

During the Second World War, the three Axis powers of Germany, Italy, and Finland mobilized the largest share of their male population. For the Allies, the Soviet Union mobilized the largest share of men, as well as the largest total army of any country, but it was restricted in its ability to mobilize more due to the impact this would have on its economy. Other notable statistics come from the British Empire, where a larger share of men were drafted from Dominions than from the metropole, and there is also a discrepancy between the share of the black and white populations from South Africa.

However, it should be noted that there were many external factors from the war that influenced these figures. For example, gender ratios among the adult populations of many European countries was already skewed due to previous conflicts of the 20th century (namely WWI and the Russian Revolution), whereas the share of the male population eligible to fight in many Asian and African countries was lower than more demographically developed societies, as high child mortality rates meant that the average age of the population was much lower.

45 men have served as the President of the United States. Of these 45 men, 31 have had a military background, with ranks ranging from a militia private to five-star generals. There is some correlation between the ages of the presidents and major wars in U.S. history; explaining why none of those in office between 1909 and 1945 had any military background, and why six of the ten veteran presidents since then served in the National Guard or Naval Reserve. Three US presidents have held the highest position in the U.S. military, they were; George Washington, Commander in Chief of the Continental Army during the War of Independence; Ulysses S. Grant, Commanding General of the US Army during the American Civil War; and Dwight D. Eisenhower, Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force in Europe in the Second World War. Popular professions In terms of non-military roles, the most common profession for U.S. presidents before taking office was that of a lawyer. 27 U.S. presidents studied and practiced law before entering the world of politics, while Harry S. Truman met all the criteria to become a lawyer, before political and personal circumstances prevented this (although he was posthumously awarded an honorary law license in 1996). Joe Biden is the most recent U.S. president to have held this job; however, the profession was most common in earlier years, as 22 of the first 32 presidents had been lawyers. Eight presidents had also worked in the education sector, with four schoolteachers, three college professors and one university dean being elected to office, and a number went on to teach or serve on university boards after their time in office. More uncommon jobs for U.S. presidents include Hollywood actor (Ronald Reagan), inventor (Thomas Jefferson), peanut farmer (Jimmy Carter) and reality TV host (Donald Trump). Donald Trump was the only U.S. President without any military or political background before assuming office. Political roles A total of 15 vice presidents have ascended to the presidency; eight were due to the death of their respective president, six were elected for their first term, and Gerald R. Ford assumed the presidency following the resignation of Richard Nixon. Of the nine men who assumed the presidency following a death or resignation, five were re-elected to serve a full term. Thomas Jefferson and Richard Nixon are the only vice presidents to have won two presidential elections, and Jefferson is the only one to have completed both full terms. The most common political background of a U.S. president is that of a Congressman in the House of Representatives, with 18 presidents having served in this role, while 17 also served in the U.S. Congress as Senators. Additionally, 17 U.S. presidents had served as state governors, and William Howard Taft was the Governor-General of the Philippines from 1901 to 1903, when it was a U.S. territory. Six U.S. Presidents had previously served as Secretaries of State, while Taft and Grant had served as Secretaries of War, and Herbert Hoover had been the Secretary of Commerce.

The American Civil War is the conflict with the largest number of American military fatalities in history. In fact, the Civil War's death toll is comparable to all other major wars combined, the deadliest of which were the World Wars, which have a combined death toll of more than 520,000 American fatalities. The ongoing series of conflicts and interventions in the Middle East and North Africa, collectively referred to as the War on Terror in the west, has a combined death toll of more than 7,000 for the U.S. military since 2001. Other records In terms of the number of deaths per day, the American Civil War is still at the top, with an average of 425 deaths per day, while the First and Second World Wars have averages of roughly 100 and 200 fatalities per day respectively. Technically, the costliest battle in U.S. military history was the Battle of Elsenborn Ridge, which was a part of the Battle of the Bulge in the Second World War, and saw upwards of 5,000 deaths over 10 days. However, the Battle of Gettysburg had more military fatalities of American soldiers, with almost 3,200 Union deaths and over 3,900 Confederate deaths, giving a combined total of more than 7,000. The Battle of Antietam is viewed as the bloodiest day in American military history, with over 3,600 combined fatalities and almost 23,000 total casualties on September 17, 1862. Revised Civil War figures For more than a century, the total death toll of the American Civil War was generally accepted to be around 620,000, a number which was first proposed by Union historians William F. Fox and Thomas L. Livermore in 1888. This number was calculated by using enlistment figures, battle reports, and census data, however many prominent historians since then have thought the number should be higher. In 2011, historian J. David Hacker conducted further investigations and claimed that the number was closer to 750,000 (and possibly as high as 850,000). While many Civil War historians agree that this is possible, and even likely, obtaining consistently accurate figures has proven to be impossible until now; both sides were poor at keeping detailed records throughout the war, and much of the Confederacy's records were lost by the war's end. Many Confederate widows also did not register their husbands death with the authorities, as they would have then been ineligible for benefits.

China’s aircraft fleet is expected to reach an average age of *** years in 2020, whereas the North American fleet an average age of ** years. By 2030 this gap is expected to narrow though, with the average fleet ages predicted to be between *** years and **** years respectively. Reasons for updatingThe main reason for replacing aircraft is not because planes become less safe as they age, but because newer planes are cheaper to operate. For example, newer aircraft are generally more fuel efficient – an important factor given the volatility in the price of aircraft fuel and its current trend upwards. On average, aircraft are retired after around 25 years. Fleet age trendsThe general pattern is that more established markets and carriers have older fleets. For example, in the North American market, the traditional full-cost carriers have average fleet ages well above 10 years, whereas the average fleet age of the newer low-cost carriers are mostly below ** years. However, established markets with a higher number of older aircraft provide more opportunity for aircraft to be replaced sooner. This explains the above forecast that the average fleet age in established markets will reduce by 2030, whereas markets with newer fleets will increase in average age.

In 2023, around 21.3 percent of active duty officers in the United States Navy were women. Additionally, approximately 19.4 percent of officers in the Space Force were women.

At the end of the fiscal year of 2024, it is estimated that there will be ** Generals serving the United States Army, and a total of ******* enlisted personnel. Military personnel The military departments in the United States are: the U.S. Army, the U.S. Navy, the U.S. Air Force, the U.S. Marine Corps, and the U.S. Coast Guards. The President of the United States is the military’s overall head and forms the military policy with the U.S. Department of Defense. The U.S. military is one of the largest militaries in term of number of personnel. The largest branch of the United States Armed Forces is the United States Army. The United States Army is responsible for land-based military operations. The active duty U.S. Army personnel number has decreased from 2010 to 2021. In 2010, there were ******* active duty U.S. Army members, as compared to ******* in 2021. The number of active duty U.S. Navy personnel has decreased slowly over the past 20 years. In 2021, there were ******* active duty Navy members in the United States Navy. The United States Navy personnel are enlisted sailors, commissioned officers, and midshipmen. Sailors have to take part in Personnel Qualification Standards, to prove that they have mastered skills. The United States Air Force is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States. The active duty U.S. Air Force personnel numbers also decreased between 1995 and 2015, although has started to increase slightly since 2015. The number decreased again in 2021, when the Air Force had ******* personnel.

By 2034, the number of military retirees in the United States is expected to reach 2.37 million; an increase from an estimated 2.27 million retirees in 2024. Military retirement pay In the U.S., military retirement refers to pension and benefit plans for those who have accumulated 20 or more years of active service. There are different factors that influence how much is paid out to different veterans, which includes length of service, disability percentage, the year the person entered the military, and type of retirement. The total payment for military retirees is expected to continue to increase, as well as their average benefits. However, the total outlays for the military retirement trust fund is expected to fluctuate, but ultimately rise over the next decade. U.S veterans The United States has one of the largest militaries in the world based on active personnel and has the largest defense budget in the world. However, many veterans in the U.S. struggle to find a job and find affordable housing when they return from deployment due to factors such as post-traumatic stress disorder and physical disabilities. The Department of Veteran Affairs seeks to help those coming back from training or combat assimilate back into everyday life.

In January 2022, it was estimated that about 1.85 million male illegal immigrants living in the United States were aged between 35 and 44 years old. In that same year, it was estimated that 1.52 million female illegal immigrants living in the U.S. were between 35 and 44 years old.

The most common method of suicide among veterans in the United States is by firearm. Although this is true for both men and women who served in the military, suicide by firearm is more common among men, accounting for 75 percent of all suicide deaths. Given the strenuous and stressful nature of military work, and the trauma that can result from combat and serving in the military, mental health is a continuous problem among veterans. Suicide among veterans It is estimated that around 7.6 percent of veterans in the United States aged 18 to 49 have had serious thoughts of suicide, while 1.4 percent have made suicide plans, and .04 percent have attempted suicide. Recent surveys have indicated that veterans are much more likely to report considering taking their own life after joining the military compared to before joining. In 2021, around 44 percent of surveyed veterans stated they considered taking their own life since joining the military, with only nine percent saying they considered doing so before joining. Common mental health problems among veterans Some of the most common health problems reported during military service by veterans and active service military members include sleep problems, anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A survey from 2023 found that around three quarters of veteran and active service respondents who incurred a physical or mental injury, illness, or wound while serving in the military on or after September 11, 2001, reported experiencing PTSD. Health care for veterans in the United States is provided by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), which also provides mental health care. VA mental health professionals are the leading resource used for veterans with a service-connected mental health injury, followed by civilian (non-VA) mental health professionals and vet center counselors.

As of 2021, there are approximately 9.5 million U.S. military veterans of major conflicts from 1941 to 1991 still living. The largest of these cohorts is from the Vietnam War, followed by the Gulf War and Korean War. The oldest living veterans today are those that served in the Second World War, which the United States was involved in from 1941 until 1945, with the last remaining U.S. veteran of the First World War having died in 2018.

The Department of Veteran Affairs is responsible for administering benefits, health care and other services to assist veterans in transitioning back into civilian life. In recent decades the focus of these services has turned towards areas in which veterans are particularly known to have poor life outcomes, such as above-average suicide rates, mental health conditions such as PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder), and homelessness.

The First World War saw the mobilization of more than 65 million soldiers, and the deaths of almost 15 million soldiers and civilians combined. Approximately 8.8 million of these deaths were of military personnel, while six million civilians died as a direct result of the war; mostly through hunger, disease and genocide. The German army suffered the highest number of military losses, totaling at more than two million men. Turkey had the highest civilian death count, largely due to the mass extermination of Armenians, as well as Greeks and Assyrians. Varying estimates suggest that Russia may have suffered the highest number of military and total fatalities in the First World War. However, this is complicated by the subsequent Russian Civil War and Russia's total specific to the First World War remains unclear to this day.

Proportional deaths In 1914, Central and Eastern Europe was largely divided between the empires of Austria-Hungary, Germany and Russia, while the smaller Balkan states had only emerged in prior decades with the decline of the Ottoman Empire. For these reasons, the major powers in the east were able to mobilize millions of men from across their territories, as Britain and France did with their own overseas colonies, and were able to utilize their superior manpower to rotate and replace soldiers, whereas smaller nations did not have this luxury. For example, total military losses for Romania and Serbia are around 12 percent of Germany's total military losses; however, as a share of their total mobilized forces these countries lost roughly 33 percent of their armies, compared to Germany's 15 percent mortality rate. The average mortality rate of all deployed soldiers in the war was around 14 percent.

Unclarity in the totals Despite ending over a century ago, the total number of deaths resulting from the First World War remains unclear. The impact of the Influenza pandemic of 1918, as well as various classifications of when or why fatalities occurred, has resulted in varying totals with differences ranging in the millions. Parallel conflicts, particularly the Russian Civil War, have also made it extremely difficult to define which conflicts the fatalities should be attributed to. Since 2012, the totals given by Hirschfeld et al in Brill's Encyclopedia of the First World War have been viewed by many in the historical community as the most reliable figures on the subject.