Nearly one out of four European consumers who were tenants in 2019, believed they would not be able to buy a home in the future. This belief was especially shared in the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, France, and the UK. However, those who did expect to eventually become first-home buyers believed it was more likely to happen once they passed the age of **. Indeed, in 2019, roughly ** percent of European respondents believed they had to wait until they were older than ** to be able to buy a property.

In 2024, around ** percent of 14 to 19-year-olds lived in rented properties. Numbers were highest among 20 to 29-year-olds. In general among the German population, most rented.

Between 2008 and 2022, the homeownership rate in Germany decreased slightly. In 2022, about 46.7 percent of the population lived in an owner-occupied dwelling. This makes Germany one of the countries with the lowest homeownership rate and the biggest rental residential real estate market in Europe.

Most of the German population rented their housing. In 2023, around ** million people did so, compared to roughly **** million who had their own house. The German real estate market does offer different housing options, but it is also an increasingly tough one for tenants and future homeowners to navigate amid the ongoing recession. Competitive and expensive Becoming a homeowner is getting more and more difficult in Germany. After almost a decade of uninterrupted growth, the market has entered a period of downturn. For years, homebuyers could access cheap credit, with mortgage rates as low as *** percent. However, in 2022 and 2023, mortgage rates have increased strongly to over **** percent, making it much more expensive to invest in residential property. In addition to that, prices for owner occupied houses have increased by over ** percent since 2015, house price growth had also overtaken that of rentals the same year, making renting the cheaper living option, especially for younger people. The summary of the housing situation sounds familiar worldwide: fierce competition in urban areas when searching for rentals, with demand far outstripping supply, as well as rising property prices for those considering a house purchase. Somewhere to live The decision to rent rather than buy may occur for various reasons. Tenants may simply not be ready financially to buy a home, be that a house or apartment, or they would not be considered by a bank for a loan based on their current earnings. They may be pressed for time and hope to find a place to rent quicker, while buying a home is a long-term commitment, leading to different types of costs and legalities. A ***************** of people lived in shared apartments in recent years, but figures had not changed so much as to rule this type of housing out as a popular option. Shared or not, the average rent prices of residential property in Germany have been going up year after year, both for new buildings and older ones.

In the presented European countries, the homeownership rate extended from 42 percent in Switzerland to as much as 96 percent in Albania. Countries with more mature rental markets, such as France, Germany, the UK and Switzerland, tended to have a lower homeownership rate compared to the frontier countries, such as Lithuania or Slovakia. The share of house owners among the population of all 27 European countries has remained relatively stable over the past few years. Average cost of housing Countries with lower homeownership rates tend to have higher house prices. In 2023, the average transaction price for a house was notably higher in Western and Northern Europe than in Eastern and Southern Europe. In Austria - one of the most expensive European countries to buy a new dwelling in - the average price was three times higher than in Greece. Looking at house price growth, however, the most expensive markets recorded slower house price growth compared to the mid-priced markets. Housing supply With population numbers rising across Europe, the need for affordable housing continues. In 2023, European countries completed between one and six housing units per 1,000 citizens, with Ireland, Poland, and Denmark responsible heading the ranking. One of the major challenges for supplying the market with more affordable homes is the rising construction costs. In 2021 and 2022, housing construction costs escalated dramatically due to soaring inflation, which has had a significant effect on new supply.

Homes for the elderly and disabled are an essential part of the healthcare system. Due to increasing life expectancy and the growing proportion of senior citizens in the population, the demand for such facilities is also increasing. In the last five years, turnover in the sector has risen by an average of 4% per year. However, the dynamic cost trend has recently placed a heavy burden on the industry's earnings situation and caused financial difficulties for many industry players, increasing the risk of insolvency. Operators were faced with rising costs for energy, accommodation and catering, which were not sufficiently refinanced by the cost bearers.Additional economic challenges are posed by rising personnel costs. These will continue to rise in the current year. The parties to the collective agreement have agreed on further salary increases in 2024 in addition to an inflation adjustment. In addition, the switch to the new staff assessment procedure means that specialised and auxiliary staff will be included in the care rates. All of this is compounded by a worsening staff shortage, which is leading to lower capacity utilisation. In order to avoid getting into financial difficulties, the additional costs are largely passed on to the residents, while the care insurance companies' fees are barely adjusted. A decline in turnover of 0.2% compared to the previous year is expected for 2024, meaning that total turnover will amount to 8.6 billion euros. One growth driver in the sector is the provision of alternative forms of living. Assisted living facilities have become increasingly popular in recent years. The high demand for this form of living means that flats designed for this purpose are being built as part of almost all new construction projects in the sector.For the next five years, IBISWorld expects an average annual growth rate of 2.6%, which means that turnover is likely to reach 9.8 billion euros in 2029. There is growth potential for the industry in the areas of sustainability, energy, digitalisation, innovation and connected living. The positive development is likely to attract numerous new operators to the sector, meaning that the number of companies active on the market is expected to increase by an average of 1.5% per year until 2029. As competition intensifies, there will be an even greater focus on maximising profits and cutting costs, which may have a negative impact on the quality of care.

This dataset provides values for HOME OWNERSHIP RATE reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

in 2023, on average, women in Germany got married sometime after turning 32 years old. The graph confirms that marriage took place later and later every year. Various reasons may contribute to this development. Life today Women can simply afford, in various senses of the word, to marry later than before. Being unmarried, regardless of age, has mostly ceased to be stigmatized or unusual for women in Germany. This does not exclude pressure, attention or curiosity from others about the topic, or a woman’s relationship status. It also does not exclude the desire of women to get married. However, in general, attitudes have relaxed significantly in recent decades, nor are there any legal restrictions for unmarried women in terms of education, employment, healthcare, renting or owning property. Women’s life expectancy at birth has increased steadily in Germany, with the latest figures citing 83.2 years. It is also not unusual for Germans to have children outside of a marriage. In fact, figures have been climbing annually since the 1990s and in 2023, around a third of children born, were born outside a marriage. Whether this happens due to a decision made mutually, individually or other circumstances, a woman being shunned for having a child out of wedlock is definitely a thing of the past. Changing demographics Marrying at a later age than in the 1990s, when women got married in their mid to late twenties, is also part of a general demographic shift in Germany, such as the increase in single households (though it does not necessarily mean that the person is unmarried, they might be in a long-distance marriage, for example). Women may also still be studying or traveling before their thirties, preferring to concentrate on concluding these chapters in their lives before proceeding to marriage, especially if they do not yet have a full-time job.

The number of people switching from home to inpatient care has risen again following the containment of the coronavirus. The additional expenditure for hygiene concepts and staff and the simultaneous reduction in income, for example due to unoccupied care home places, put pressure on the profit margin of care homes. In recent years, care homes have also had to deal with a shortage of skilled workers and a reform of the healthcare system with various new regulations. Between 2020 and 2025, industry turnover fell by an average of 0.2% per year. The industry was able to compensate for the slump in turnover during the pandemic years.Care homes are under economic pressure. In addition to the after-effects of the coronavirus pandemic, high energy costs and inflation as well as rising wages have been additional cost drivers in recent years. Furthermore, the social welfare organisations only settle uncovered care home costs after long processing times. The cost increases, which cannot be fully refinanced, are leading to the closure of numerous care homes. Cost pressure and the worsening staff shortage are also expected to lead to occupancy freezes and capacity cuts in the current year and result in further closures. For 2025, an increase in turnover of 1.9% compared to the previous year and total turnover of 35.1 billion euros is therefore expected.Due to demographic change and the increasing life expectancy of the population, the care market is characterised by stable growth. The rise in the number of households with people over the age of 65 and the increasing number of people in need of care in Germany are ensuring a constant demand for care places and will favour a positive sales trend in the sector. This is another reason why sales are expected to grow by an average of 2.4% per year until 2030. Total turnover is expected to amount to 39.5 billion euros in 2030. However, the rising number of people in need of care is offset by an insufficient number of qualified nursing staff, which could widen the care gap. There is already a shortage of skilled workers in the industry today, which could worsen in the coming years.

Housing and residential status. Residential area and social structure. Mobility and economic situation. Employment. Election decision and participation.

Topics: 1. Housing and housing status: size of the place of residence (degree of urbanisation); location; duration of residence; satisfaction with the place of residence; length of residence in the apartment; number of moves in the last ten years; previous place of residence; residential status of the previous apartment; living space of the previous apartment; reasons for moving; main reason for moving; residential status of the current apartment; one or more households in the house; monthly contribution costs; type of purchase of house/flat; construction of the house/flat by public subsidies; amount of monthly mortgage repayment and interest; amount of monthly ancillary costs; amount of heating costs in the last calendar year; amount of maintenance costs in the last calendar year; monthly burden subsidy received from the state; housing entitlement certificate required; owner of the flat; rent amount; rent including costs for heating and hot water; amount of lump sum for heating and hot water (or. for heating and hot water separately); average costs for heating and hot water and payment period; rent includes modernisation charge; amount of modernisation charge in total or per sqm; type of modernisation measures for which a modernisation charge is paid; adequacy of rental costs; receipt of housing benefit; amount of monthly housing charge; living space; number of rooms; assessment of apartment size; apartment furnishing; apartment equipment meets needs; preferred living standard; year of construction of the house; assessment of the structural condition of the house; satisfaction with the apartment.

1. Residential area and social structure: satisfaction with the immediate residential environment; satisfaction with the environmental conditions at the place of residence; walking distance to selected facilities (e.g. public transport stops, shopping facilities, doctors, kindergarten, primary school, etc.); social structure: social differences in the immediate living environment; relationship with neighbours; satisfaction with the neighbourhood; development of personal living situation; greatest loss after possible relocation (local connection); preferred home; preferred residential area; foreigners in the residential environment; proportion of foreigners in the residential area compared to other residential areas; foreigners who have been living in the residential area or have recently moved in; newly arrived foreigners are predominantly ethnic Germans, refugees or have been living in Germany for some time; relationship between foreigners and Germans in the residential environment; attitude towards the spatial separation of Germans and foreigners; personal contacts with foreigners or Germans in the family, at work, in the neighbourhood or among friends and acquaintances; assessment of assistance for foreigners (simple entry aids, more extensive integration measures or renouncement of such assistance).

2. Mobility: intention to move; reasons for moving; most important reason for moving; preference for moving (target area); plans for the current apartment within the next two years or changes already carried out in the last two years (new furnish, renovate, modernise, add-on or conversion); classification on a ladder best form of living / worst imaginable apartment (own apartment, in comparison own apartment 5 years ago, best accessible apartment, justly entitled apartment, average apartment of friends and acquaintances, apartment of an average German citizen); assessment of the current personal economic situation.

3. Employment: employment status; job security; length of working distance; longest accepted working distance in minutes; willingness to commute.

4. Election decision and participation: eligibility to vote in the last federal election; participation in the last federal election and election decision (second vote); party preference (Sunday question) or party most likely to be considered.

Demography: sex; age (month of birth and year of birth); highest school leaving certificate or targeted school leaving certificate; age at school leaving certificate; vocational education or training certificate; current or former employment; full-time or part-time employment; current or last professional position; current or last professional activity; marital status; cohabitation with a partner; own children; self-classification of class; denomination; closeness to the church; household size; net income of the respondent; number of children in the household and age of these children; number of persons in the household aged 18 years and older; number of persons in the household who contribute to the household income; number of persons employed in the household; household net income; place of residence before 1989; car ownership; German citizenship; telephone...

EU-SILC - Persons in main residence households,Average net equivalised income: Germany,Years,Gender,Age groups

Subjective evaluations of living conditions, desires and priorities,as well as difference between desire and reality.Topics:residential area;year of arrival;satisfaction with place of residence;moving frequency;previous residential area, residential status and size of residence;most important reasons to move;current residential status;number of households in building;shared costs;manner of acquisition of residence or building;public support and monthly load from mortgage payments;additional costs;heating costs;maintenance costs;subsidy of expenses;residence authorization;rent costs;heating costs and hot water costs;fixed amount for heating costs or hot water costs;heating costs;manner of payment;shared costs for modernization;type of shared costs for modernization;judgement on rent costs and receipt of housing benefit;amount of housing benefit;size of residence;number of living-rooms;judgement on size of residence;detailed information on residential furnishings;judgement on residential furnishings;information on desirable furnishing characteristics for a standard residence;year of construction of building;judgement on condition of building;satisfaction with environmental conditions, residential surroundings andsatisfaction with housing (scale);description of infrastructure facilities in residential area;social differences in residential area;neighborhood relationship;satisfaction with neighborhood (scale);development of housing situation in the course of life;most important sacrifices and losses in case of leavingcurrent residential surroundings;type of building;desired building and desired area;proportion of foreigners in residential areain comparison to other residential areas;current influx of foreigners or traditional foreigner quarter;origins of foreigners as ethnic Germans from Eastern Europe or refugees;relationship with foreigners;judgement on neighborhood relationships with foreigners;preference for mixing or separate foreigner quarter;contacts with foreigners;attitudes to help getting set up and integration measures for foreigners;moving plans;reasons for moving;destination city of moving;renovation plans;renovation in the past;classification of one's residence on a scale as well asclassification of one's residence five years ago, an attainable residence,the average residence of friends, the average of the West German andthe residence the respondent is entitled to;judgement on personal economic situation;goals in life (scale);preferences in music, watching television, and reading books;life style and behaviors;preferences in furnishing style and clothing style;leisure preferences.Demography:state;degree of urbanization and type of residential area;administrative district;city size;employment;job security;commuting time to work;spatial mobility readiness;sex;age (month and year of birth);school degree;age at school degree;occupational training;college degree;employment;occupational position earlier and today;marital status;living together with a partner;number of children;self-assessment of social class;religious denomination;church closeness;behavior at the polls in the last Federal Parliament election;party preference (Sunday question);size of household;net household income;personal net income;year of birth of children;number of persons in household with their own income;place of residence before 1989;car possession;German citizenship;possession of a telephone.Interviewer rating:day of interview and month;length of interview.

Housing and residential status. Residential area and social structure. Mobility and economic situation. Employment. Election decision and participation.

Topics: 1. Housing and housing status: size of the place of residence (degree of urbanisation); location; duration of residence; satisfaction with the place of residence; length of residence in the apartment; number of moves in the last ten years; previous place of residence; residential status of the previous apartment; living space of the previous apartment; reasons for moving; main reason for moving; residential status of the current apartment; one or more households in the house; monthly contribution costs; type of purchase of house/flat; construction of the house/flat by public subsidies; amount of monthly mortgage repayment and interest; amount of monthly ancillary costs; amount of heating costs in the last calendar year; amount of maintenance costs in the last calendar year; monthly burden subsidy received from the state; housing entitlement certificate required; owner of the flat; rent amount; rent including costs for heating and hot water; amount of lump sum for heating and hot water (or. for heating and hot water separately); average costs for heating and hot water and payment period; rent includes modernisation charge; amount of modernisation charge in total or per sqm; type of modernisation measures for which a modernisation charge is paid; adequacy of rental costs; receipt of housing benefit; amount of monthly housing charge; living space; number of rooms; assessment of apartment size; apartment furnishing; apartment equipment meets needs; preferred living standard; year of construction of the house; assessment of the structural condition of the house; satisfaction with the apartment.

1. Residential area and social structure: satisfaction with the immediate residential environment; satisfaction with the environmental conditions at the place of residence; walking distance to selected facilities (e.g. public transport stops, shopping facilities, doctors, kindergarten, primary school, etc.); social structure: social differences in the immediate living environment; relationship with neighbours; satisfaction with the neighbourhood; development of personal living situation; greatest loss after possible relocation (local connection); preferred home; preferred residential area; foreigners in the residential environment; proportion of foreigners in the residential area compared to other residential areas; foreigners who have been living in the residential area or have recently moved in; newly arrived foreigners are predominantly ethnic Germans, refugees or have been living in Germany for some time; relationship between foreigners and Germans in the residential environment; attitude towards the spatial separation of Germans and foreigners; personal contacts with foreigners or Germans in the family, at work, in the neighbourhood or among friends and acquaintances; assessment of assistance for foreigners (simple entry aids, more extensive integration measures or renouncement of such assistance).

2. Mobility: intention to move; reasons for moving; most important reason for moving; preference for moving (target area); plans for the current apartment within the next two years or changes already carried out in the last two years (new furnish, renovate, modernise, add-on or conversion); classification on a ladder best form of living / worst imaginable apartment (own apartment, in comparison own apartment 5 years ago, best accessible apartment, justly entitled apartment, average apartment of friends and acquaintances, apartment of an average German citizen); assessment of the current personal economic situation.

3. Employment: employment status; job security; length of working distance; longest accepted working distance in minutes; willingness to commute.

4. Election decision and participation: eligibility to vote in the last federal election; participation in the last federal election and election decision (second vote); party preference (Sunday question) or party most likely to be considered.

Demography: sex; age (month of birth and year of birth); highest school leaving certificate or targeted school leaving certificate; age at school leaving certificate; vocational education or training certificate; current or former employment; full-time or part-time employment; current or last professional position; current or last professional activity; marital status; cohab...

The increase in the number of people in need of care in Germany has had a positive impact on the outpatient care sector in recent years. Since 2020, turnover has grown by an average of 2.4% per year. The high demand can be explained by the extraordinary popularity of outpatient care. For many people, it is the preferred form of care in old age over nursing and retirement homes. Sales growth was therefore characterised in particular by an increase in the number of customers cared for and the resulting expansion in business activities.The poor earnings situation in recent years was due, among other things, to the increased personnel costs resulting from the introduction of the pay scale regulation in September 2022, which were insufficiently refinanced by the care insurance funds. Other cost drivers for care services, which often travel long distances in their cars, were the high energy and fuel prices. Many were also struggling to refinance previous cost increases in 2023. The high cost increases and lack of staff have a negative impact on profit margins and increase the risk of insolvency.In 2025, turnover in the sector is expected to reach 30.3 billion euros, which corresponds to an increase of 2.9% compared to the previous year. Despite the stable turnover, an increase in operating costs is having a negative impact on companies' earnings. In order to alleviate the shortage of nursing staff, a wage increase for nursing assistants, qualified nursing assistants and skilled nursing staff has been in place since January 2024. However, refinancing the increases in personnel costs remains a challenge for industry players. The increases in budget benefits provided for by the Care Support and Relief Act (PUEG) are unlikely to be sufficient to cover the additional costs, which are therefore likely to be refinanced primarily through price increases. Another problem is the fact that the funding organisations regularly do not refinance the additional costs immediately, citing the terms of existing contracts. The inadequately refinanced personnel and material costs will result in many companies employing fewer staff and offering fewer care services. The rising number of people in need of care in Germany and the great popularity of outpatient care services will keep demand at a high level in the coming years and lead to numerous new start-ups. Accordingly, IBISWorld anticipates average annual growth of 4.6%, with industry turnover of 37.9 billion euros expected in 2030. However, staff shortages are likely to lead to reduced capacity utilisation and continue to represent a significant obstacle to growth.

German speaking inhabitants aged 18 years and over.

The number of one-person households in Germany has been increasing in the last decade, while the opposite was true for three-person homes. In 2024, around ** million German households had one occupant, while roughly **** million households had three people living in them. Aging population These trends may be rooted in various reasons, such as population developments, aging, urbanization, individual lifestyles, flexible living arrangements. When looking at the growing number of one-person households, depending on the age group, this increase may be due to being single, for example, as well as an older person living alone. The ************* of the German population was aged 40 to 59 years, followed by those aged 65 and older. In terms of housing situations, **** were renting. Residential building construction in Germany struggled somewhat in recent years. Decreasing household member numbers It is not just in Germany that households are decreasing in size. A similar trend has been seen in the United States. Household size is often very dependent on the financial status of individuals. Those with more money will often opt to live alone, whilst those on a lower income may have no choice but to have roommates or to continue living with their family.

Subjective evaluations of living conditions, desires and priorities, as well as difference between desire and reality. Topics: residential area; year of arrival; satisfaction with place of residence; moving frequency; previous residential area, residential status and size of residence; most important reasons to move; current residential status; number of households in building; shared costs; manner of acquisition of residence or building; public support and monthly load from mortgage payments; additional costs; heating costs; maintenance costs; subsidy of expenses; residence authorization; rent costs; heating costs and hot water costs; fixed amount for heating costs or hot water costs; heating costs; manner of payment; shared costs for modernization; type of shared costs for modernization; judgement on rent costs and receipt of housing benefit; amount of housing benefit; size of residence; number of living-rooms; judgement on size of residence; detailed information on residential furnishings; judgement on residential furnishings; information on desirable furnishing characteristics for a standard residence; year of construction of building; judgement on condition of building; satisfaction with environmental conditions, residential surroundings and satisfaction with housing (scale); description of infrastructure facilities in residential area; social differences in residential area; neighborhood relationship; satisfaction with neighborhood (scale); development of housing situation in the course of life; most important sacrifices and losses in case of leaving current residential surroundings; type of building; desired building and desired area; proportion of foreigners in residential area in comparison to other residential areas; current influx of foreigners or traditional foreigner quarter; origins of foreigners as ethnic Germans from Eastern Europe or refugees; relationship with foreigners; judgement on neighborhood relationships with foreigners; preference for mixing or separate foreigner quarter; contacts with foreigners; attitudes to help getting set up and integration measures for foreigners; moving plans; reasons for moving; destination city of moving; renovation plans; renovation in the past; classification of one's residence on a scale as well as classification of one's residence five years ago, an attainable residence, the average residence of friends, the average of the West German and the residence the respondent is entitled to; judgement on personal economic situation; goals in life (scale); preferences in music, watching television, and reading books; life style and behaviors; preferences in furnishing style and clothing style; leisure preferences. Demography: state; degree of urbanization and type of residential area; administrative district; city size; employment; job security; commuting time to work; spatial mobility readiness; sex; age (month and year of birth); school degree; age at school degree; occupational training; college degree; employment; occupational position earlier and today; marital status; living together with a partner; number of children; self-assessment of social class; religious denomination; church closeness; behavior at the polls in the last Federal Parliament election; party preference (Sunday question); size of household; net household income; personal net income; year of birth of children; number of persons in household with their own income; place of residence before 1989; car possession; German citizenship; possession of a telephone. Interviewer rating: day of interview and month; length of interview.

Portugal, Canada, and the United States were the countries with the highest house price to income ratio in 2024. In all three countries, the index exceeded 130 index points, while the average for all OECD countries stood at 116.2 index points. The index measures the development of housing affordability and is calculated by dividing nominal house price by nominal disposable income per head, with 2015 set as a base year when the index amounted to 100. An index value of 120, for example, would mean that house price growth has outpaced income growth by 20 percent since 2015. How have house prices worldwide changed since the COVID-19 pandemic? House prices started to rise gradually after the global financial crisis (2007–2008), but this trend accelerated with the pandemic. The countries with advanced economies, which usually have mature housing markets, experienced stronger growth than countries with emerging economies. Real house price growth (accounting for inflation) peaked in 2022 and has since lost some of the gain. Although, many countries experienced a decline in house prices, the global house price index shows that property prices in 2023 were still substantially higher than before COVID-19. Renting vs. buying In the past, house prices have grown faster than rents. However, the home affordability has been declining notably, with a direct impact on rental prices. As people struggle to buy a property of their own, they often turn to rental accommodation. This has resulted in a growing demand for rental apartments and soaring rental prices.

What is the average price of residential property in the Netherlands? In the third quarter of 2024, a single-family home cost approximately 434,000 euros. There were large differences between the Dutch provinces, however. Single-family homes were most expensive in the central province of Utrecht with an average price of 731,000 euros, whereas a similar house in Groningen had an average price tag of 384,000 euros. Overall, the average price a private individual would pay when buying any type of existing residential property (such as single-family homes but also, for example, an apartment) was approximately 416,000 euros in 2023. Do the Dutch prefer to buy or to rent a house? The Netherlands had a slightly higher homeownership rate (the share of owner-occupied dwellings of all homes) in 2023 than other countries in Northwestern Europe. About 70 percent of all Dutch houses were owned, whereas this percentage was lower in Germany, France, and the United Kingdom. This is an effect of past developments: the price to rent ratio (the development of the nominal purchase price of a house divided by the annual rent of a similar place with 2015 as a base year) shows that the gap between house prices and rents has continuously widened in recent years. Despite a slight decline in the ratio due to slowing house price growth and accelerating rental growth, in 2023, the cost of buying a home had grown significantly faster relative to the cost of renting. Mortgages in the Netherlands Additionally, the Netherlands has one of the highest mortgage debts among private individuals in Europe. In 2024, total debt exceeded 839 billion euros. This has a political background, as the Dutch tax system allowed homeowners for many years to deduct interest paid on mortgage from pre-tax income for a maximum period of thirty years, essentially allowing for income support for homeowners. In the Netherlands, this system is known as hypotheekrenteaftrek. Note that since 2014, the Dutch government is slowly scaling this down, with a planned acceleration from 2020 onwards.

The mortgage prevalence among homeowners in Europe varied widely across different countries in 2023. About ** percent of the total population in Norway was a homeowner, with ** percent paying out a mortgage loan. Conversely, only *** percent of households in Romania had a mortgage, with nearly ** percent being homeowners. Meanwhile, an average of ** percent of the total population within the EU-27 was an owner-occupant with a mortgage or housing loan. Homeownership depends on multiple factors, such as housing policy, the macroeconomic situation, the state of the housing sector, and the availability of finance. Countries with more developed mortgage markets tend to have lower mortgage interest rates.