This statistic shows the median household income in the United States from 1990 to 2023 in 2023 U.S. dollars. The median household income was 80,610 U.S. dollars in 2023, an increase from the previous year. Household incomeThe median household income depicts the income of households, including the income of the householder and all other individuals aged 15 years or over living in the household. Income includes wages and salaries, unemployment insurance, disability payments, child support payments received, regular rental receipts, as well as any personal business, investment, or other kinds of income received routinely. The median household income in the United States varies from state to state. In 2020, the median household income was 86,725 U.S. dollars in Massachusetts, while the median household income in Mississippi was approximately 44,966 U.S. dollars at that time. Household income is also used to determine the poverty line in the United States. In 2021, about 11.6 percent of the U.S. population was living in poverty. The child poverty rate, which represents people under the age of 18 living in poverty, has been growing steadily over the first decade since the turn of the century, from 16.2 percent of the children living below the poverty line in year 2000 to 22 percent in 2010. In 2021, it had lowered to 15.3 percent. The state with the widest gap between the rich and the poor was New York, with a Gini coefficient score of 0.51 in 2019. The Gini coefficient is calculated by looking at average income rates. A score of zero would reflect perfect income equality and a score of one indicates a society where one person would have all the money and all other people have nothing.

Purpose and brief description "EU-SILC" (European Union - Statistics on Income and Living Conditions) is a European survey on income and living conditions and an important tool to map poverty and social exclusion at Belgian and European level. In Belgium, the EU-SILC survey is organised by Statbel. Every year, about 6,000 households (or 11,000 people) are surveyed and followed up for a maximum of four consecutive years. In the SILC survey, social exclusion is regarded as the result of several factors such as income, employment, health and education level. The survey is carried out in Belgium and in the other EU Member States and is coordinated by Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union. In Belgium, the SILC is organised by Statbel. Population Private households in Belgium Data collection method and sample size CAPI (Computer Assisted Personal Interview) - CATI (Compter Assisted Telephone Interview). Respons ± 60% (N= ± 6.000 households) Frequency Annually. Timing publication First quarter after survey year Questionaires Silc Questionnaires: Individuals Silc Questionnaires: ménage Definitions Calculation of the monetary poverty risk (AROP) The poverty threshold is set at 60 % of the median disposable income at individual level. It is calculated as follows: 60 % of 22,784 euros per year equals to a threshold of 13,670 euros per year or 1,139 euros per month for a single person. For households, this threshold is not simply multiplied by the number of household members. Considering that household members share costs and expenditures, a factor of 0.5 is applied to a second adult in a household in the calculation of the poverty threshold, and a factor of only 0.3 is applied to children (<14 years). The poverty threshold for a household consisting of two adults and two children is therefore obtained by multiplying the threshold of single people by a factor of 2.1 [(€13,670 *2.1)/12 = €2,392 per month]. This factor of 2.1 is calculated by assigning a weight of 1 to the head of the household, of 0.5 to the second adult of the household and of 0.3 to each child. Households with low work intensity (LWI) These are the households where adults (aged 18 to 59, excluding students) have worked on average less than one fifth of the time during the reference year. Material deprivation (SMD): details of the indicator People considered as "severely materially deprived" are confronted with at least four of the nine following situations: they cannot afford to pay rent or utility bills, to keep their home adequately warm, to face unexpected expenses, to eat meat, fish or a protein equivalent every second day, to go on a one-week holiday away from home, to have a car, a washing machine, a colour TV or a telephone. European poverty indicator: AROPE (At Risk of Poverty or Social Exclusion) This indicator is derived from the three indicators mentioned above (AROP, LWI, SMD). If one or more of the conditions are met, i.e. if the household in which the person lives is characterised by low income and/or low work intensity and/or severe material deprivation, that person is considered at risk of poverty and/or social exclusion (multidimensional poverty). Level of education The level of education is measured using a detailed questionnaire, and the people are then divided into three groups. Low-skilled people are people who list lower secondary education as their highest level of education. Medium-skilled people are people who obtained a diploma of higher secondary education but not of higher education. High-skilled people obtained a diploma of higher education. More definitions... Comments 2013: break in the series for the unemployed 2016 to 2018: figures revised on 12/03/2020 2019: time series break due to a major reform of the survey SILC 2020: Impact of the COVID-19 crisis on SILC 2020 results SILC 2021: From SILC 2021, real property withholding tax will be included in disposable income. Legislation EU-SILC 2004 to 2020 was implemented under a framework regulation, mandatory for all EU Member States: REGULATION (EC) No 1177/2003 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 16 June 2003 concerning Community statistics on income and living conditions (EU-SILC) From SILC 2021 onwards there is the REGULATION (EU) 2019/1700 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL. This framework regulation for integrated European Social Statistics (IESS) and the underlying implementing regulations for EU-SILC constitute the new legal framework. The development of the statistical infrastructure under IESS is supported by European grants. Reports and articles Quality reports Preparation for the revision of EU-SILC : Testing of rolling modules in EU-SILC 2017 Poverty indicators at NUTS-2 level by Small Area Estimation Using registers in BE-SILC to construct income variables Drawing of the SILC 2016 sample: stratification for Brussels with tax quantiles

Abstract

The Household Budget Survey conducted by the State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan is the main source of information for analysis of living standards of separate population groups, income differentiation and poverty levels in the country. The survey was introduced in 2001 and has been carried out annually since then.

The Azerbaijan HBS is based on a random probability sample, which was designed to give nationally representative results and allow comparison between main regions of the country and different categories of the population. Approximately 8,700 households are interviewed annually. The annual sample is divided into about 2,200 households per quarter, with a full rotation of households occurring each quarter.

The survey collects information on household income and expenditure, housing conditions, ownership of consumer durables, access to agricultural land and demographic characteristics of household members.

Results of HBS 2001 served as the basis for estimates of poverty in Azerbaijan, using a relative poverty line and a new revised absolute poverty line. Using an absolute poverty line of 120,000 AZM (25.8 USD) per capita per month, it was estimated that 49% of the country population was living in poverty. Using a relative poverty line set at 72,000 AZM (15.5 USD) it was estimated that 17% of the population was living in extreme poverty.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Private households;

A household is defined as a single person or a group of persons with a common budget and residence (house, flat, etc.). The members of the household may not be relatives even if living together and sharing a common household. Persons living in institutional households (elderly houses, hospitals, military barracks etc.) are excluded from the survey.

Since the first half of 90-ties about 800,000 persons migrated within Azerbaijan because of the war in Nagorno-Karabach region. There have been some 250,000 refugees mainly from the other republics of previous USSR, too. This population part is included in the sampling frame according to their actual living place at the time of the population census in 1999.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sample of Azerbaijan HBS is based on territorial random probability principles. This allows stratifying the population by urban/rural category and by geographical characteristics (8 regions - economic zones). Taking into account that one fourth of the population is concentrated in the capital city Baku this population was included into a separate stratum.

Data from the population census 1999 was used in the survey. Three-stage sampling was implemented to select participating households.

Detailed description of the sampling procedure is available in "Azerbaijan HBS: Methodology" (p.2-6) in external resources.

Sampling deviation

In 2001 the State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan (SSC) had to re-allocate existing interviewer staff to new sampling regions. However, existing employment legislation did not allow them to fire existing interviewers, or to re-hire them on more flexible contract basis. This led to compromises in the original sample implementation, with some interviewers having to work nearer to the place of residence. The compromises have led to some distortions in the final sample, with perhaps the most damaging being the under-representation of IDPs (internally displaced persons) in the 2001 sample. Throughout the year, the SSC has worked to re-allocate and re-employ interviewers in accordance with the new sample, and from 2002 there were no compromises.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The following survey instruments are used in Azerbaijan HBS:

1) Household Composition Checklist (to be filled for each household at the outset of the survey). If a household has agreed to participate in the survey, an interviewer must complete a household composition checklist.

2) Main Interview Questionnaire (also to be filled at the outset of the survey). It is completed during an interview with the head of the household at the outset of the survey. The questionnaire contains four chapters: - Housing conditions; - House-side plot; - Education and employment of household members; - Health conditions.

3) Daily Expenditure Diary (to be filled by the household during two weeks). The interviewer must explain to the household how to properly record expenses, namely: - Expenses are recorded on the date they are incurred. - Every expense is recorded in a separate line. - Records must be as accurate and detailed as possible.

4) Quarterly Expenditure Register (to be used throughout the entire quarter and as a supplement for the quarterly expenditure and income interview). The interviewer asks the surveyed households about their regular expenses and income on a quarterly basis. He/she poses questions about main (large) buys and regular expenses over the quarter. Since the family would have problems recollecting all expenses incurred over this period it is assumed that during the quarter the household will record expenses exceeding a certain amount in this document.

5) Expenditure and Income Questionnaire (to be filled quarterly in the course of the interview with the household members). The expenditure and income questionnaire includes the following chapters: - Clothing and shoe expenditure; - Household commodity expenditure; - Furniture, service and other large expenditure; - Housing and utility expenditure; - House-side land plot; - Health care expenditure; - Other expenses; - Individual questionnaire; - Control of completing the individual questionnaire; - Household's income.

While the questionnaires were piloted in the last quarter of 2000, there was not sufficient time to analyze the results of the pilot before launching the survey in January 2001. It was considered vital to begin data collection in January, in order to start the pattern of obtaining calendar year survey results. However, as the first results were entered and analyzed, it became clear that some of the questions were being interpreted in different ways by different interviewers. This was corrected through repeated training sessions and a revision of the questionnaires. The updated questionnaires were introduced in January 2002.

Response rate

Interviewers under the old (before 2001) survey were asked to interview the same households indefinitely. In 2001, they were asked to contract new households each quarter. Given that households were paid only a nominal sum for their participation, interviewers were required to develop and use communication skills in gaining the trust of the households.

The first 2001 survey results showed that too much emphasis and control was being made on overall response rate, but response rates to individual questions were very low. Particularly damaging was the fact that interviewers were allowed to submit questionnaires with incomplete expenditure diaries, since household per capita expenditure was the main indicator used to evaluate welfare levels.

As of 2024, an individual living in South Africa with less than 1,109 South African rand (roughly 62.14 U.S. dollars) per month was considered poor. Furthermore, individuals having 796 South African rand (approximately 44.60 U.S. dollars) a month available for food were living below the poverty line according to South African national standards. Absolute poverty National poverty lines are affected by changes in the patterns of household consumers and fluctuations in prices of services and goods. They are calculated based on the consumer price indices (CPI) of both food and non-food items separately. The national poverty line is not the only applicable threshold. For instance,13.2 million people in South Africa were living under 2.15 U.S. dollars, which is the international absolute poverty threshold defined by the World Bank. Most unequal in the globe A prominent aspect of South Africa’s poverty is related to extreme income inequality. The country has the highest income Gini index globally at 63 percent as of 2023. One of the crucial obstacles to combating poverty and inequality in the country is linked to job availability. In fact, youth unemployment was as high as 49.14 percent in 2023.

This graph shows the Percentage of households led by a female householder with no spouse present with own children under 18 years living in the household in the U.S. in 2021, by state. In 2021, about 4.24 percent of Californian households were single mother households with at least one child.

Additional information on single mother households and poverty in the United States

For most single mothers a constant battle persists between finding the time and energy to raise their children and the demands of working to supply an income to house and feed their families. The pressures of a single income and the high costs of childcare mean that the risk of poverty for these families is a tragic reality. Comparison of the overall United States poverty rate since 1990 with that of the poverty rate for families with a female householder shows that poverty is much more prevalent in the latter. In 2021, while the overall rate was at 11.6 percent, the rate of poverty for single mother families was 23 percent. Moreover, the degree of fluctuation tends to be lower for single female household families, suggesting the rate of poverty for these groups is less affected by economic conditions.

The sharp rise in the number of children living with a single mother or single father in the United States from 1970 to 2022 suggests more must be done to ensure that families in such situations are able to avoid poverty. Moreover, attention should also be placed on overall racial income inequality given the higher rate of poverty for Hispanic single mother families than their white or Asian counterparts.