Electricity prices in Europe are expected to remain volatile through 2025, with Italy projected to have some of the highest rates among major European economies. This trend reflects the ongoing challenges in the energy sector, including the transition to renewable sources and the impact of geopolitical events on supply chains. Despite efforts to stabilize the market, prices still have not returned to pre-pandemic levels, such as in countries like Italy, where prices are forecast to reach ****** euros per megawatt hour in September 2025. Natural gas futures shaping electricity costs The electricity market's future trajectory is closely tied to natural gas prices, a key component in power generation. Dutch TTF gas futures, a benchmark for European natural gas prices, are projected to be ***** euros per megawatt hour in July 2025. The reduced output from the Groningen gas field and increased reliance on imports further complicate the pricing landscape, potentially contributing to higher electricity costs in countries like Italy. Regional disparities and global market influences While European electricity prices remain high, significant regional differences persist. For instance, natural gas prices in the United States are expected to be roughly one-third of those in Europe by March 2025, at **** U.S. dollars per million British thermal units. This stark contrast highlights the impact of domestic production capabilities on global natural gas prices. Europe's greater reliance on imports, particularly in the aftermath of geopolitical tensions and the shift away from Russian gas, continues to keep prices elevated compared to more self-sufficient markets. As a result, countries like Italy may face sustained pressure on electricity prices due to their position within the broader European energy market. As of August 2025, electricity prices in Italy have decreased to ****** euros per megawatt hour, reflecting ongoing volatility in the market.

In 2024, electricity prices for an annual consumption between 2,500 and 5,000 kilowatt-hours in the European Union were the highest for households in Germany. The nation's residences paid on average more than 40 euro cents per kilowatt-hour. In comparison, costs were the lowest in Hungary, where households paid 10.6 euro cents per kilowatt-hour. Household electricity prices in the European Union averaged 28.7 euro cents per kilowatt-hour in the second half of the year.

In the third quarter of 2025, Bermuda had the highest household electricity prices worldwide, followed by Ireland, Italy, and Germany. At the time, Irish households were charged around 0.44 U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour, while in Italy, the price stood at 0.42 U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour. By comparison, in Russia, residents paid almost 10 times less. What is behind electricity prices? Electricity prices vary widely across the world and sometimes even within a country itself, depending on factors like infrastructure, geography, and politically determined taxes and levies. For example, in Denmark, Belgium, and Sweden, taxes constitute a significant portion of residential end-user electricity prices. Reliance on fossil fuel imports Meanwhile, thanks to their great crude oil and natural gas production output, countries like Iran, Qatar, and Russia enjoy some of the cheapest electricity prices in the world. Here, the average household pays less than 0.1 U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour. In contrast, countries heavily reliant on fossil fuel imports for electricity generation are more vulnerable to market price fluctuations.

This dataset provides values for ELECTRICITY PRICE reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

This table contains consumer prices for electricity and gas. Weighted average monthly prices are published broken down into transport rate, delivery rates and taxes, both including and excluding VAT. These prices are published on a monthly basis. The prices presented in this table were used to compile the CPI up to May 2023. Prices for newly offered contracts were collected. Contract types that are no longer offered, but have been in previous reporting periods, are imputed. The average can therefore diverge from the prices paid for energy contracts by Dutch households. Data available from January 2018 up to May 2023. Status of the figures: The figures are definitive. Changes as of 17 July 2023: This table will no longer be updated. Due to a change in the underlying data and accompanying method for calculcating average energy prices, a new table was created. See paragraph 3. Changes as of 13 February: Average delivery rates are not shown in this table from January 2023 up to May 2023. With the introduction of the price cap, the average energy rates (delivery rates) of fixed and variable energy contracts together remained useful for calculating a development for the CPI. However, as a pricelevel, they are less useful. Average energy prices from January 2023 up to May 2023 are published in a customized table. In this publication, only data concerning new variable contracts are taken into account When will new figures be published? Does not apply.

Energy Prices In the Euro Area decreased to 144.13 points in October from 144.37 points in September of 2025. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for Euro Area Energy Prices.

In 2024, Germany recorded the highest residential electricity price for users within Europe, at 44.11 euro cents per kilowatt-hour. This was followed by Ireland, at 36.11 euro cents per kilowatt-hour. Italy, Cyprus, Belgium, Denmark and Czechia were also among the countries with the highest electricity costs.

This table contains consumer prices for electricity and gas. Weighted average monthly prices are published broken down into transport rate, delivery rates and taxes, both including and excluding VAT. These prices are published on a monthly basis.

Data available from: January 2021

Status of the figures: When first published, the figures are provisional. These will become definitive with the following month’s publication.

Changes compared with previous version: Data on the most recent period have been added and/or adjustments have been implemented.

When will new figures be published? New figures will usually be published between the first and second Thursday of the month.

The average wholesale electricity price in September 2025 in the United Kingdom is forecast to amount to*******British pounds per megawatt-hour, a decrease from the previous month. A record high was reached in August 2022 when day-ahead baseload contracts averaged ***** British pounds per megawatt-hour. Electricity price stabilization in Europe Electricity prices increased in 2024 compared to the previous year, when prices stabilized after the energy supply shortage. Price spikes were driven by the growing wholesale prices of natural gas and coal worldwide, which are among the main sources of power in the region.

… and in the United Kingdom? The United Kingdom was one of the countries with the highest electricity prices worldwide during the energy crisis. Since then, prices have been stabilizing, almost to pre-energy crisis levels. The use of nuclear, wind, and bioenergy for electricity generation has been increasing recently. The fuel types are an alternative to fossil fuels and are part of the country's power generation plans going into the future.

In the second half of 2024, the electricity prices for household end users (including taxes, levies, and VAT) in the European Union decreased compared to 2024. Electricity prices in the European Union peaked in 2023, reaching 29.37 euro cents per kilowatt-hour.The prices include electricity/basic price, transmission, system services, meter rental, distribution, and other services.

Germany Electricity decreased 17.60 EUR/MWh or 15.21% since the beginning of 2025, according to the latest spot benchmarks offered by sellers to buyers priced in megawatt hour (MWh). This dataset includes a chart with historical data for Germany Electricity Price.

This indicator presents electricity prices charged to final consumers. Electricity prices for industrial consumers are defined as follows: Average national price in Euro per kWh without taxes applicable for the first semester of each year for medium size industrial consumers (Consumption Band Ic with annual consumption between 500 and 2000 MWh). Until 2007 the prices are referring to the status on 1st January of each year for medium size consumers (Standard Consumer Ie with annual consumption of 2 000 MWh). Electricity prices for household consumers are defined as follows: Average national price in Euro per kWh including taxes and levies applicable for the first semester of each year for medium size household consumers (Consumption Band Dc with annual consumption between 2500 and 5000 kWh). Until 2007 the prices are referring to the status on 1st January of each year for medium size consumers (Standard Consumer Dc with annual consumption of 3500 kWh).

In 2024, Ireland recorded the highest electricity prices in the European Union for non-household consumers, with prices of 20.69 and 25.56 euro cents per kilowatt-hour for annual consumption levels of 20,000 to 70,000 megawatt-hours and 500 and 2,000 megawatt-hours, respectively. Finland recorded the lowest prices in the same period.

The dataset comprises the following series:

01_RI_data_series: Return index series for the 27 companies included in the NASDAQ OMX Renewable Energy Gen (GRNREG) index (source: Datastream). 02_DY_data_series: Dividend yield series for the 27 companies included in the NASDAQ OMX Renewable Energy Gen (GRNREG) index (source: Datastream). 03_MV_data_series: Market value series for the 27 companies included in the NASDAQ OMX Renewable Energy Gen (GRNREG) index (source: Datastream). 04_Exchange_rates: Exchange rates (source: OECD). 05_LCOE: Average Levelized cost of energy for the United States and Europe (source: IRENA (2022)). 06_PriceLCOE_ratio: Energy prices relative to the levelized cost of energy, where energy prices are pool prices compiled from the Nord Pool power market. 07_Risk_free_and_ERP: (i) 10-year German bond yield and 20-year U.S. bond yield, and (ii) equity risk premium for Europe and U.S. (source: Bloomberg). 08_Unlevered_Betas: Unlevered betas for 23 European firms and 11 North-American firms whose activity is focused on the renewable energy sector (source: S&P Capital IQ).

REFERENCES: IRENA, 2022. Renewable Energy Statistics 2022, available at: https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2022/Jul/IRENA_Renewable_energy_statistics_2022.pdf (accessed 12 May 2024).

In September 2024, industrial electricity prices in the European countries of Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom were among the highest in the world, at around **** U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour. Singapore was the Asian country with the highest electricity bill worldwide at that time. Lowest electricity prices in the world The average retail electricity price in the United States was considerably lower than in most of Europe. Iceland was the European country with one of the lowest electricity bills for enterprises that month. At the bottom of the ranking were also Russia, Iraq, Qatar, Argentina, and Libya. In these countries, commercial electricity prices amounted to less than *** U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour. Household electricity prices In addition, European countries had the highest household electricity prices worldwide that month, with Italy at the top of the ranking. By comparison, Iran and Ethiopia had the lowest residential electricity prices in the world.

In most European cities, energy prices constituted the main share of the residential end-user electricity price in July 2025. Energy price shares are among the highest in the capital cities of Cyprus, Malta, and Greece, which are largely reliant on energy imports. Copenhagen, Stockholm, and Brussels account for the largest energy taxes in the region. In the Danish capital, for instance, energy taxes -including VAT- represented ** percent of the residential electricity price. Household electricity prices around the world Italy and Germany have some of the highest electricity prices in the world. Heavily reliant on natural gas imports, these two countries were profoundly stricken by the 2022 energy crisis. Overall, Western Europe is the most expensive region for household power purchases, while many large energy-producing countries such as Russia and Saudi Arabia offer their residents the cheapest average rates. Heating gas prices in European cities In terms of residential use gas prices in Europe, Stockholm was the most expensive city in January 2025. Inhabitants of Sweden's capital paid for gas over 8* percent more than consumers in Amsterdam, in the Netherlands, which ranked second. Imports dominate Sweden's gas supply.

Denmark - Electricity prices: Medium size households was EUR0.37 Kilowatt-hour in December of 2024, according to the EUROSTAT. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Denmark - Electricity prices: Medium size households - last updated from the EUROSTAT on December of 2025. Historically, Denmark - Electricity prices: Medium size households reached a record high of EUR0.46 Kilowatt-hour in December of 2022 and a record low of EUR0.27 Kilowatt-hour in December of 2010.

Italy Electricity decreased 4.07 EUR/MWh or 2.96% since the beginning of 2025, according to the latest spot benchmarks offered by sellers to buyers priced in megawatt hour (MWh). This dataset includes a chart with historical data for Italy Electricity Price.

Poland - Electricity prices: Non-household, medium size consumers was EUR0.13 Kilowatt-hour in December of 2024, according to the EUROSTAT. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Poland - Electricity prices: Non-household, medium size consumers - last updated from the EUROSTAT on December of 2025. Historically, Poland - Electricity prices: Non-household, medium size consumers reached a record high of EUR0.14 Kilowatt-hour in December of 2023 and a record low of EUR0.06 Kilowatt-hour in December of 2018.