Median energy efficiency scores of homes in England and Wales, as recorded on energy performance certificates (EPCs), by household characteristics from Census 2021.

Data are provided to country, region and local authority level.

In 2023, the majority of owner-occupied homes in the United Kingdom (UK) had energy efficiency rating of C. Local authority and housing association homes were the most energy efficient, with the largest share of properties with a rating of **********. The energy performance certificate is legally required when buying or renting a home and shows the energy efficiency of a property.

Energy efficiency: Average SAP rating for all Council Homes

Number of Domestic Energy Performance Certificates (EPC) lodged on the Register, in each Local Authority, by Energy Efficiency Rating (fuel cost) or Environmental Impact Rating (Carbon Dioxide emissions), in each Year/Quarter. Floor area data is broken down by property type. Type of property is broken down into Bungalow, House, Flat, or Maisonette. These tables show data from certificates lodged on the Energy Performance of Buildings (EPB) Registers since 2008, including average energy efficiency ratings, energy use, carbon dioxide emissions, fuel costs, average floor area sizes and numbers of certificates recorded. Data lodged on the EPB Registers record information about the certificates issued for buildings which have been newly constructed, sold or let since 2008. Data lodged on the EPB Registers will also include buildings for which multiple EPCs have been issued. On 1 April 2012, the first set of Scheme Operating Requirements came into effect for Domestic Energy Assessors, which set new rules for the operation of Accreditation Schemes. One new requirement was to introduce quality assurance audit of EPCs. The result was a demonstrable improvement in the quality of data lodged on the EPB Registers from mid-2012 onwards. Users are asked to consider this when interpreting figures prior to that period. In May 2009, additional validation checks were introduced into the register lodgement process to identify prescribed data quality issues. Before this period, statistics for domestic buildings may include anomalies to CO2 emission rates. In addition, statistics for domestic and non-domestic buildings and for DECs may include anomalies which affect total floor area figures. View some of the floor area data as cartograms (maps) for London here. More information can be found on the DCLG website. This dataset is one of the Greater London Authority's measures of Economic Fairness. Click here to find out more.

Median energy efficiency score of dwellings in England and Wales, by property type, tenure, property age and whether new or existing.

Data on the energy efficiency of dwellings, environmental impact score and estimated CO2 emissions in England and Wales at the local authority district level. These are broken down by property type, tenure, age of property and whether a dwelling is new or existing.

The energy efficiency of new homes as measured by the SAP rating system. Source agency: Communities and Local Government Designation: Official Statistics not designated as National Statistics Language: English Alternative title: DSO 2.5

Average Standard Assessment Procedure energy rating score How the figure is calculated: The sum of SAP energy rating scores for each new home for which an energy performance certificate has been issued in the reporting period, divided by the number of new homes for which a certificate has been issued. It is the average of the large number of scores calculated for new dwellings during the reporting period. Why is this indicator in the business plan? This is a key housing measure for which DCLG has policy responsibility. It monitors the energy efficiency of new build homes. How often is it updated? Quarterly Where does the data come from?

Energy Performance Certificates (EPCs) are needed whenever a property is built, sold or rented. An EPC contains information about a property's energy use and typical energy costs and recommendations about how to reduce energy use and save money. An EPC gives a property an energy efficiency rating from A (most efficient) to G (least efficient) and it is valid for 10 years. The Standard Assessment Procedure (SAP) used to create the EPC is the methodology used by the Government to assess and compare the energy and environmental performance of dwellings. It aims to provide accurate and reliable assessments of dwelling energy performances that are needed to underpin energy and environmental policy initiatives. The data come from an IBM Fuel Poverty report and provide SAP/EPC energy rating by post code within the Glasgow Housing Association (GHA) stock register. The fields are: Post Code, Current Energy Efficiency Rating, Potential Energy Efficiency Rating, Current Environmental Impact Rating and Potential Environmental Impact Rating. Date extracted 2011-05-19. Data supplied by Glasgow Housing Association Licence: None

The National Home Energy Rating Scheme (NHER) refers to a rating scale for assessing the energy efficiency of new and existing homes and quality assures EPCs. NHER ratings take into account the region of the UK and the immediate environment of the dwelling and also include an estimate of fuel use for cooking and appliances. Typical results The data come from an IBM Fuel Poverty report and provide averages for SAP,NHER and carbon dioxide emissions by post code within the Glasgow Housing Association (GHA) stock register. The fields are ; Post Code ;Average SAP; Average NHER and Average CO2 Emissions Date extracted 2011-05-19. Data supplied by Glasgow Housing Association Licence: None

Diluted-Average-Shares Time Series for Sdcl Energy Efficiency Income Trust PLC. SDCL Energy Efficiency Income Trust PLC invests in energy efficiency projects. The company was incorporated in 2018 and is based in London, United Kingdom.

The Smart Energy Research Lab (SERL) Observatory facilitates a broad range of energy demand research and is a unique data resource for research where access to high resolution, large scale energy data linked to relevant contextual data is required. Further information about SERL can be found on the Smart Energy Research Lab website.

This dataset of aggregated statistics is available under standard Safeguarded (End User Licence) access conditions. It contains over 2.5 million rows of data and describes domestic gas and electricity energy use in Great Britain 2020-2023 based on data from the Smart Energy Research Lab (SERL) Observatory, which consists of smart meter and contextual data from approximately 13,000 homes that are broadly representative of the GB population in terms of region and Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) quintile. This aggregated dataset can be used, for example, to show how residential energy use in GB varies over time (monthly over the year and half-hourly over the course of the day); and can be broken down by occupant characteristics (number of occupants, tenure), property characteristics (age, size, form, and Energy Performance Certificate (EPC)), by type of heating system, presence of solar panels and of electric vehicles, and by weather, region and IMD quintile.

Secure Access data
A more detailed set of SERL data, including smart meter data and additional contextual data, is available under restricted Secure access conditions under SN 8666: Smart Energy Research Lab Observatory Data: Secure Access. It is a longitudinal dataset containing records from August 2019, with updates provided to researchers on a (roughly) quarterly basis. Users should download this safeguarded access statistical study first to see whether it is suitable for their needs before considering an application for the Secure dataset.

The second edition (May 2024) includes summaries of daily average energy use in a data file for 2020-2023, and summaries of half-hourly average energy use in four data files for 2020-2023, as well as an accompanying technical document.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.

The English Housing Survey (EHS) Fuel Poverty Datasets are comprised of fuel poverty variables derived from the EHS, and a number of EHS variables commonly used in fuel poverty reporting. The EHS is a continuous national survey commissioned by the Ministry of Housing, Community and Local Government (MHCLG) that collects information about people's housing circumstances and the condition and energy efficiency of housing in England.

Safeguarded and Special Licence Versions
Similar to the main EHS, two versions of the Fuel Poverty dataset are available from 2014 onwards. The Special Licence version contains additional, more detailed, variables, and is therefore subject to more restrictive access conditions. Users should check the Safeguarded Licence (previously known as End User Licence (EUL)) version first to see whether it meets their needs, before making an application for the Special Licence version.

The English Housing Survey: Fuel Poverty Dataset, 2022: Special Licence is the outcome of analysis conducted to produce estimates of fuel poverty in England in 2022 undertaken by the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ).

Fuel poverty in England is measured using the Low Income Low Energy Efficiency (LILEE) indicator, which considers a household to be fuel poor if:

• it is living in a property with an energy efficiency rating of band D, E, F or G as determined by the most up-to-date Fuel Poverty Energy Efficiency Rating (FPEER) Methodology; and
• its disposable income (income after housing costs (AHC) and energy costs) would be below the poverty line. The poverty line (income poverty) is defined as an equivalised disposable income of less than 60 per cent of the national median in Section 2 of the ONS publication 'Persistent poverty in the UK and EU: 2017'.

The Low Income Low Energy Efficiency model is a dual indicator, which allows us to measure not only the extent of the problem (how many fuel poor households there are), but also the depth of the problem (how badly affected each fuel poor household is). The depth of fuel poverty is calculated using the fuel poverty gap. This is the reduction in fuel costs needed for a household to not be in fuel poverty. This is either the change in required fuel costs associated with increasing the energy efficiency of a fuel poor household to a Fuel Poverty Energy Efficiency Rating (FPEER) of band C or reducing the costs sufficiently to meet the income threshold.

The fuel poverty dataset is derived from the English Housing Survey, 2022 database created by the MHCLG. This database is constructed from fieldwork carried out between April 2021 and March 2023. The midpoint of this period is April 2022, which can be considered as the reference date for this dataset.

A brief summary of each of the variables included in the English Housing Survey: Fuel Poverty Dataset, 2022: Special Licence dataset is included in the study documentation. The variables can be grouped into the following categories:

• Low Income Low Energy Efficiency fuel poverty indicator variables
• income and fuel costs variables
• 10 per cent affordability indicator variables
• additional fuel poverty variables
• English Housing Survey variables
• policy eligibility flags
• income split variables
• energy cost variables
• energy use variables
• weights
• variables introduced in 2015 data release (first published 2017)

In the third quarter of 2025, Bermuda had the highest household electricity prices worldwide, followed by Ireland, Italy, and Germany. At the time, Irish households were charged around 0.44 U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour, while in Italy, the price stood at 0.42 U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour. By comparison, in Russia, residents paid almost 10 times less. What is behind electricity prices? Electricity prices vary widely across the world and sometimes even within a country itself, depending on factors like infrastructure, geography, and politically determined taxes and levies. For example, in Denmark, Belgium, and Sweden, taxes constitute a significant portion of residential end-user electricity prices. Reliance on fossil fuel imports Meanwhile, thanks to their great crude oil and natural gas production output, countries like Iran, Qatar, and Russia enjoy some of the cheapest electricity prices in the world. Here, the average household pays less than 0.1 U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour. In contrast, countries heavily reliant on fossil fuel imports for electricity generation are more vulnerable to market price fluctuations.

Index Time Series for WisdomTree Energy. The frequency of the observation is daily. Moving average series are also typically included. NA