The average size of farms in the United States has seen a steady increase over the last decade. In 2024, the average farm size reached 466 acres, up from 418 acres in 2007. Between 2006 and 2007 there was a sudden drop in average farm size, but in recent years it has recovered and once again reached the same levels as its peak in 2006. Agriculture in the United States In 2023, there were about 1.9 million farms in the United States, down from 2.2 million in 2007. It appears that as average farm size has increased, the number of individual farms in the United States has decreased. Texas is home to the highest number of farms of any U.S. state, with 231,000 farms as of 2023. Major crops in the United States The United States produces a wide variety of crops. Though the production volumes of some major crops, such as wheat, have fluctuated considerably since 2000, the production of vegetables for processing has been on the rise in recent years. Grapes, apples, and oranges are the most produced fruits in the United States, with the majority of grapes being grown in California.

The Census of Agriculture provides a detailed picture every five years of U.S. farms and ranches and the people who operate them. Conducted by USDA's National Agricultural Statistics Service, the 2012 Census of Agriculture collected more than six million data items directly from farmers. The Ag Census Web Maps application makes this information available at the county level through a few clicks. The maps and accompanying data help users visualize, download, and analyze Census of Agriculture data in a geospatial context. Resources in this dataset:Resource Title: Ag Census Web Maps. File Name: Web Page, url: https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/AgCensus/2012/Online_Resources/Ag_Census_Web_Maps/Overview/index.php/ The interactive map application assembles maps and statistics from the 2012 Census of Agriculture in five broad categories:

Crops and Plants – Data on harvested acreage for major field crops, hay, and other forage crops, as well as acreage data for vegetables, fruits, tree nuts, and berries. Economics – Data on agriculture sales, farm income, government payments from conservation and farm programs, amounts received from loans, a broad range of production expenses, and value of buildings and equipment. Farms – Information on farm size, ownership, and Internet access, as well as data on total land in farms, land use, irrigation, fertilized cropland, and enrollment in crop insurance programs. Livestock and Animals – Statistics on cattle and calves, cows and heifers, milk cows, and other cattle, as well as hogs, sheep, goats, horses, and broilers. Operators – Statistics on hired farm labor, tenure, land rented or leased, primary occupation of farm operator, and demographic characteristics such as age, sex, race/ethnicity, and residence location.

The Ag Census Web Maps application allows you to:

Select a map to display from a the above five general categories and associated subcategories. Zoom and pan to a specific area; use the inset buttons to center the map on the continental United States; zoom to a specific state; and show the state mask to fade areas surrounding the state. Create and print maps showing the variation in a single data item across the United States (for example, average value of agricultural products sold per farm). Select a county and view and download the county’s data for a general category. Download the U.S. county-level dataset of mapped values for all categories in Microsoft ® Excel format.

This statistic depicts the number and average size of farms in the United States from 2012 to 2024. The total number of farms in the U.S. in 1900 was 5,739,657, as compared to1,880,000 in 2024.

In 2024, there were about 1.88 million farms in the United States. However, the number of farms has been steadily dropping since the year 2007, when there were about 2.2 million farms in the United States. U.S. farms In 2007, the average size of farms in the United States was the smallest it had been since the year 2000. As the number of farms in the United States decrease, the average size of farms increases. Texas, the largest state in the contiguous United States, also contains the highest number of farms, at 231 thousand in 2023. Organic farming in the United States The United States has over 2.3 million hectares of organic agricultural land as of 2021. In 2022, organic food sales in the United States amounted to almost 59 billion euros, making it the largest market for organic food worldwide. In 2021, the number of certified organic farms in the United States reached 17,445, up from about 14,185 farms in 2016.

State fact sheets provide information on population, income, education, employment, federal funds, organic agriculture, farm characteristics, farm financial indicators, top commodities, and exports, for each State in the United States. Links to county-level data are included when available.This record was taken from the USDA Enterprise Data Inventory that feeds into the https://data.gov catalog. Data for this record includes the following resources: Query tool For complete information, please visit https://data.gov.

The National Agricultural Statistics Service 2012 Census of Agriculture - FarmsPrepared by Larry Heard, NMCDC, larryheard@gmail.comSource: United States Department of Agriculture 2012 Census of Agriculture, http://www.agcensus.usda.gov/The Census of Agriculture provides a detailed picture every five years of U.S. farms and ranches and the people who operate them.Maps and statistics from the 2012 Census of Agriculture are organized into five broad categories:Crops and Plants – Data on harvested acreage for major field crops, hay, and other forage crops, as well as acreage data for vegetables, fruits, tree nuts, and berries.Economics – Data on agriculture sales, farm income, government payments from conservation and farm programs, amounts received from loans, a broad range of production expenses, and value of buildings and equipment.Farms – Information on farm size, ownership, and Internet access, as well as data on total land in farms, land use, irrigation, fertilized cropland, and enrollment in crop insurance programs.Livestock and Animals – Statistics on cattle and calves, cows and heifers, milk cows, and other cattle, as well as hogs, sheep, goats, horses, and broilers.Operators – Statistics on hired farm labor, tenure, land rented or leased, primary occupation of farm operator, and demographic characteristics such as age, sex, race/ethnicity, and residence location.ArcGIS Map Service: http://arcgis-ersarcgism3xl-1157953884.us-east-1.elb.amazonaws.com/arcgis/rest/services/NASS/farms/MapServer

This collection includes county-level data from the United States Censuses of Agriculture for the years 1840 to 2012. The files provide data about the number, types, output, and prices of various agricultural products, as well as information on the amount, expenses, sales, values, and production of machinery. Most of the basic crop output data apply to the previous harvest year. Data collected also included the population and value of livestock, the number of animals slaughtered, and the size, type, and value of farms. Part 46 of this collection contains data from 1980 through 2010. Variables in part 46 include information such as the average value of farmland, number and value of buildings per acre, food services, resident population, composition of households, and unemployment rates.

Average per-farm acreage of owned and rented land that is part of a farm operator’s total operation, consisting primarily of agricultural land used for crops, pasture, and grazing, but also woodland and wasteland held for agricultural purposes.

Data source: United States Department of Agriculture, Census of Agriculture

Date: 2012

India Agriculture Census: Average Size of Operational Land Holdings: Size Group: All Holdings data was reported at 1.080 ha in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1.150 ha for 2011. India Agriculture Census: Average Size of Operational Land Holdings: Size Group: All Holdings data is updated yearly, averaging 1.190 ha from Jun 2001 (Median) to 2016, with 4 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.330 ha in 2001 and a record low of 1.080 ha in 2016. India Agriculture Census: Average Size of Operational Land Holdings: Size Group: All Holdings data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Agriculture Sector – Table IN.RIK003: Agriculture Census: Average Size of Operational Land Holdings: by Size Group.

This EnviroAtlas data set depicts estimates for mean cash rent paid for land by farmers, sorted by county for irrigated cropland, non-irrigated cropland, and pasture by for most of the conterminous US. This data comes from national surveys which includes approximately 240,000 farms and applies to all crops. According to the USDA (U.S. Department of Agriculture) National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), these surveys do not include land rented for a share of the crop, on a fee per head, per pound of gain, by animal unit month (AUM), rented free of charge, or land that includes buildings such as barns. For each land use category with positive acres, respondents are given the option of reporting rent per acre or total dollars paid. This dataset was produced by the US EPA to support research and online mapping activities related to EnviroAtlas. EnviroAtlas (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas) allows the user to interact with a web-based, easy-to-use, mapping application to view and analyze multiple ecosystem services for the contiguous United States. The dataset is available as downloadable data (https://edg.epa.gov/data/Public/ORD/EnviroAtlas) or as an EnviroAtlas map service. Additional descriptive information about each attribute in this dataset can be found in its associated EnviroAtlas Fact Sheet (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas/enviroatlas-fact-sheets).

Graph and download economic data for Net farm income, USDA (B1448C1A027NBEA) from 1967 to 2023 about USDA, agriculture, Net, income, GDP, and USA.

Average costs and sales per acre from implementation of GAPs food safety practices by farm size.

The precision farming software market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the increasing need for optimized resource utilization and enhanced crop yields in agriculture. A compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 14% from 2019 to 2024 suggests a significant expansion, indicating a strong market pull towards technology-driven solutions. The market's segmentation reveals a diverse landscape, with crop management, financial management, and farm inventory management software as key application areas. Cloud-based solutions are gaining traction due to their accessibility, scalability, and real-time data capabilities, surpassing the local or web-based software segment in growth rate. Major players like John Deere, Trimble, and others are heavily investing in R&D, resulting in sophisticated software offering advanced analytics and predictive capabilities. The market's regional distribution likely mirrors global agricultural production patterns, with North America and Europe holding substantial market share initially, followed by a rapid expansion in the Asia-Pacific region due to increasing farm mechanization and technological adoption. Further growth is propelled by several factors. The increasing availability of affordable high-speed internet and mobile technologies is expanding the reach of precision farming software to smaller farms and developing countries. Government initiatives promoting digital agriculture are also fueling adoption, alongside the growing demand for sustainable and efficient farming practices to address concerns about climate change and resource scarcity. However, challenges remain, including the high initial investment costs for some software solutions, the digital literacy gap among farmers, and data security concerns. Overcoming these barriers will be crucial for sustaining the market's impressive growth trajectory. The forecast period of 2025-2033 anticipates continuous expansion, with likely shifts in market share among different segments and regions as technology evolves and adoption rates vary. We can project significant increases in market size, potentially reaching several billions of dollars by 2033, based on the sustained CAGR and expanding global demand for efficient agricultural solutions. Recent developments include: January 2022: John Deere introduced a fully autonomous tractor. The machine combined Deere's 8R tractor, TruSet-enabled chisel plow, GPS guidance system, and new advanced technologies, which will help the company expand its footprint in the precision agriculture field., November 2021: CNH Industrial acquired Raven Industries, a leading precision agriculture technology company in the United States, for USD 1.2 billion. This acquisition is expected to help the company invest and innovate in groundbreaking precision agriculture technology., May 2021: John Deere announced the acquisition of autonomous driving technology-based startup Bear Flag Robotics for USD 250 million. This acquisition is expected to help both companies deliver advanced technological solutions to farmers.. Notable trends are: Farm Labor Shortage and Rise in Average Farm Size.

What?

A dataset containing 313 total variables from 33 secondary sources. There are 261 unique variables, and 52 variables that have the same measurement but are reported for a different year; e.g. average farm size in 2017 (CapitalID: N27a) and 2022 (N27b). Variables were grouped by the community capital framework's seven capitals—Natural (96 total variables), Cultural (38), Human (39), Social (40), Political (18), Financial (67), & Built (15)—and temporally and thematically ordered. The geographic boundary is NOAA NCEI's corn and soybean belt (figure below), which stretches across 18 states and includes N=860 counties/observations. Cover crop data for the 80 Crop Reporting Districts in the boundary are also included for 2015-2021.

Why?

Comprehensively assessing how community capital clustered variables, for both farmers and nonfarmers, impact conservation practices (and perennial groundcover) over time helps to examine county-level farm conservation agriculture practices in the context of community development. We contribute to the robust U.S. cover crop literature a better understanding of how overarching cultural, social, and human factors influence conservation agriculture practices to encourage better farm management practices. Analyses of this Dataverse will be presented as recomendations for farmers, nonfarmers, ag-adjacent stakeholders, and community leaders.

How?

Variables used in this dataset range 20 years, from 2004-2023, though primary analyses focus on data collected between 2017-2024, primarily 2017 and 2022 (NASS Ag Census years). First, JAM-K requested, accessed, and downloaded data, most of which was already publically available. Next, JAM-K cleaned the data and aggregated into one dataset, and made it publically available on Google Drive and Zenodo.

What is 'new' or corrected in version 2?

Edited/amended: Carroll, KY is now spelled correctly (two 'l's, not one); variable names, full and abbreviated, were updated to include the data year; Pike County's (IL) FIPS has been corrected from its wrong 17153 (same as Pulaski County) to 17149 (correct fips), and all Pike County (IL) data has been correctly amended; Farming dependent (ERS) updated for all variables; Data for built capital variables irrCorn17, irrSoy17, irrHcrp17, tractor17, and combine17 were incorrect for v.1, but were corrected for v.2; Several variable labels aggregated by Wisconsin University's Population Health Institute's County Health Rankings and Roadmaps were corrected to have the data's original source and years included, rather than citing CHR&R as the source (except for CHR&R's originally-produced values such as quartiles or rank scores); variables were reorganized by hypothesized community capital clusters (Natural -> Built), and temporally within each cluster.

Added: 55 variables, mostly from the 2022 Ag Census.

Omitted: Four variables deemed irrelevant to the study; V1 codebook's "years internally available" column.

CRediT: conceptualization, CBF, JAM-K; methodology, JAM-K; data aggregation and curation, JAM-K; formal analysis, JAM-K; visualization, JAM-K; supervision, CBF; funding acquisition, CBF; project administration, CBF; resources, CBF, JAM-K

Acknowledgements: This research was funded by the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant No. 2021-68012-35923 from the United States Department of Agriculture National Institute for Food and Agriculture. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this presentation are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Much thanks to Corteva for granting data access of OpTIS 2.0 (2005-2019), and Austin Landini for STATA code and visualization assistance.

Average sales allocation percentages by market channel and farm size.

India is a country of about one billion people. More than 70 percent of India's population lives in rural areas where the main occupation is agriculture. Indian agriculture is characterized by small farm holdings. The average farm size is only 1.57 hectares. Around 93 percent of farmers have land holdings smaller than 4 ha and they cultivate nearly 55 percent of the arable land. Due to diverse agro-climatic conditions in the country, a large number of agricultural items are produced. Crop diversification is intended to give a wider choice in the production of a variety of crops in a given area so as to expand production related activities on various crops and also to lessen risk. Crop diversification in India is generally viewed as a shift from traditionally grown less remunerative crops. Crop diversification and also the growing of large number of crops are practised in rain fed lands to reduce the risk factor of crop failures due to drought and less rains. Diversification originated from the word ‘Diverge’ which means to move or extend in a different direction from a common point. Crop diversification is essential for an agricultural based economy like Haryana to meet the cash needs of the family as well as to combat risk associated with mono-cropping. Moreover the state is facing problems of decreasing size of farm holdings, decreasing cultivable area, increasing soil salinity as well as rising water tables, imbalanced use of fertilizers and micro-nutrient deficiency, harsh climate, low forest cover (3.52%), considerable area still under rain fed farming (19%), lack of required processing and value addition facilities, storage constraints and off late shortage of labour for farming operations. All these factors are adversely affecting productivity enhancement. Traditionally diversification was used more in the context of a subsistence kind of farming, wherein farmers grew many crops on their farm. The household level food security as also risk was in important consideration in diversification. The farmers with smaller (< 2.0 hac.) farms do practice diversified farming. On quite small holdings often fragmented farmers nation wide allocate their land among seasonal crops, fruits and vegetables ,dairy and perhaps poultry to maximise their household labour utilization and income but the role of women in diversification is still not visible. Keeping all this in view preferential pattern of rural women for crop diversification was studied. The experiment was carried in Bandaheri and Burak villages of Hisar II block of district Hisar, Haryana. Data were collected with the help of structured interview schedule.

This map shows the relationship between Federal payments toward conservation and wetlands and payments toward producers not including conservation/wetlands. The data is produced by the USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service (USDA).Areas in yellow show where there are high amounts of Federal payments toward Conservation in comparison to other types, whereas areas in light blue have a higher amount of Federal payments toward all other agriculture in comparison to Conservation. Areas in black have an overall high amount of both types of payments. The map uses size to emphasize which counties received the overall largest receipts in US dollars.In 2017, the average farm received an average of $13,906, and conservation/wetland programs received and average of $6,980. These are the central colors of the map in order to anchor the map around the national figure. Areas with a pattern above or below the national average are highlighted by the colors along the edges of the legend (mentioned in the previous paragraph). For more information about Federal payments in 2017, visit this summary table from the USDA.For more information about the relationship mapping style used in this map, visit this blog. About the data and source:The Census of Agriculture, produced by the USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service (USDA), provides a complete count of America's farms, ranches and the people who grow our food. The census is conducted every five years, most recently in 2017, and provides a in-depth look at the agricultural industry.This layer summarizes payments made to producers by the Federal government from the 2017 Census of Agriculture at the county level.This layer was produced from data downloaded using the USDA's QuickStats Application. The data was transformed using the Pivot Table tool in ArcGIS Pro and joined to the county boundary file provided by the USDA. The layer was published as feature layer in ArcGIS Online.Dataset SummaryPhenomenon Mapped: Payments made to producers by the Federal governmentCoordinate System: Web Mercator Auxiliary SphereExtent: United States including Hawaii and AlaskaVisible Scale: All ScalesSource: USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service QuickStats ApplicationPublication Date: 2017AttributesThis layer provides values for the following attributes. Note that some values are not disclosed (coded as -1 in the layer) to protect the privacy of producers in areas with limited production.Federal Payments - Operations with ReceiptsFederal Payments - Receipts in US DollarsFederal Payments - Receipts in US Dollars per OperationFederal Payments not Including Conservation and Wetland Programs - Operations with ReceiptsFederal Payments not Including Conservation and Wetland Programs - Receipts in US DollarsFederal Payments not Including Conservation and Wetland Programs - Receipts in US Dollars per OperationFederal Payments for Conservation and Wetland Programs - Operations with ReceiptsFederal Payments for Conservation and Wetland Programs - Receipts in US DollarsFederal Payments for Conservation and Wetland Programs - Receipts in US Dollars per OperationConservation and wetland programs include:Conservation Reserve Program (CRP)Wetlands Reserve Program (WRP)Farmable Wetlands Program (FWP)Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP)Other programs with payments to producers include:2014 Agricultural Act (Farm Bill)Agriculture Risk Coverage (ARC)Price Loss Coverage (PLC)Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC)Loan Deficiency PaymentsDisaster Assistance ProgramsState and local government agricultural program payments and Federal crop insurance payments are not included.Additionally, attributes of State Name, State Code, County Name and County Code are included to facilitate cartography and use with other layers.

Agriculture Census: Average Size of Operational Land Holdings: Sikkim: Size Group: 4 to 10 Hectares data was reported at 5.680 ha in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 5.440 ha for 2011. Agriculture Census: Average Size of Operational Land Holdings: Sikkim: Size Group: 4 to 10 Hectares data is updated yearly, averaging 5.575 ha from Jun 2001 (Median) to 2016, with 4 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5.790 ha in 2001 and a record low of 5.440 ha in 2011. Agriculture Census: Average Size of Operational Land Holdings: Sikkim: Size Group: 4 to 10 Hectares data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Agriculture Sector – Table IN.RIK003: Agriculture Census: Average Size of Operational Land Holdings: by Size Group.

Agriculture Census: Average Size of Operational Land Holdings: Bihar: Size Group: 2 to 4 Hectares data was reported at 2.600 ha in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.590 ha for 2011. Agriculture Census: Average Size of Operational Land Holdings: Bihar: Size Group: 2 to 4 Hectares data is updated yearly, averaging 2.595 ha from Jun 2001 (Median) to 2016, with 4 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.620 ha in 2001 and a record low of 2.590 ha in 2011. Agriculture Census: Average Size of Operational Land Holdings: Bihar: Size Group: 2 to 4 Hectares data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Agriculture Sector – Table IN.RIK003: Agriculture Census: Average Size of Operational Land Holdings: by Size Group.

Data in acres on seeded and harvested areas, production, amount utilized, average price and value of sales of potatoes in Canadian dollars.