In England, there has been fairly significant increase in the mean weight of the population over the last quarter-century. In 1998, the mean weight was under 81 kilograms for men and around 68 kilograms for women. By 2022, the mean weight of men was 85.8 kilograms and the mean weight of women was 72.8 kilograms.

This statistic displays the breakdown of body weight class among men and women in the United Kingdom (UK) in 2015. Of respondents, 39 percent of men and 46 percent of women had a healthy body weight.

In 2022, men aged 55 to 64 years had an average body mass index (BMI) of 29 kg/m2 and women in the same age group had a BMI of 28.8 kg/m2, the highest mean BMI across all the age groups. Apart from individuals aged 16 to 24 years, every demographic in England had an average BMI which is classified as overweight.An increasing problem It is shown that the mean BMI of individuals for both men and women has been generally increasing year-on-year in England. The numbers show in England, as in the rest of the United Kingdom (UK), that the prevalence of obesity is an increasing health problem. The prevalence of obesity in women in England has increased by around nine percent since 2000, while for men the share of obesity has increased by six percent. Strain on the health service Being overweight increases the chances of developing serious health problems such as diabetes, heart disease and certain types of cancers. In the period 2019/20, England experienced over 10.7 thousand hospital admissions with a primary diagnosis of obesity, whereas in 2002/03 this figure was only 1,275 admissions. Furthermore, the number of bariatric surgeries taking place in England, particularly among women, has significantly increased over the last fifteen years. In 2019/20, over 5.4 thousand bariatric surgery procedures were performed on women and approximately 1.3 thousand were carried out on men.

This report presents information on obesity, physical activity and diet drawn together from a variety of sources for England. More information can be found in the source publications which contain a wider range of data and analysis. Each section provides an overview of key findings, as well as providing links to relevant documents and sources. Some of the data have been published previously by NHS Digital. A data visualisation tool (link provided within the key facts) allows users to select obesity related hospital admissions data for any Local Authority (as contained in the data tables), along with time series data from 2013/14. Regional and national comparisons are also provided. The report includes information on: Obesity related hospital admissions, including obesity related bariatric surgery. Obesity prevalence. Physical activity levels. Walking and cycling rates. Prescriptions items for the treatment of obesity. Perception of weight and weight management. Food and drink purchases and expenditure. Fruit and vegetable consumption. Key facts cover the latest year of data available: Hospital admissions: 2018/19 Adult obesity: 2018 Childhood obesity: 2018/19 Adult physical activity: 12 months to November 2019 Children and young people's physical activity: 2018/19 academic year

Supplementary files for article Supplementary information files for Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants.BackgroundComparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents.MethodsFor this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence.FindingsWe pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls.InterpretationThe height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks.

Supplementary files for article "Are associations of adulthood overweight and obesity with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and obesity-related cancer modified by comparative body weight at age 10 years in the UK Biobank study?"Article abstractObjectiveAdults living with overweight or obesity do not represent a single homogenous group in terms of mortality and disease risks. The aim of our study was to evaluate how the associations of adulthood overweight and obesity with mortality and incident disease are modified by (i.e., differ according to) self-reported childhood body weight categories.MethodsThe sample comprised 191,181 men and 242,806 women aged 40-69 years (in 2006-2010) in the UK Biobank. The outcomes were all-cause mortality, incident cardiovascular disease (CVD), and incident obesity-related cancer. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate how the associations with the outcomes of adulthood weight status (normal weight, overweight, obesity) differed according to perceived body weight at age 10 years (about average, thinner, plumper). To triangulate results using an approach that better accounts for confounding, analyses were repeated using previously developed and validated polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for childhood body weight and adulthood BMI, categorised into three-tier variables using the same proportions as in the observational variables.ResultsIn both sexes, adulthood obesity was associated with higher hazards of all outcomes. However, the associations of obesity with all-cause mortality and incident CVD were stronger in adults who reported being thinner at 10 years. For example, obesity was associated with a 1.28 (1.21, 1.35) times higher hazard of all-cause mortality in men who reported being an average weight child, but among men who reported being a thinner child this estimate was 1.63 (1.53, 1.75). The ratio between these two estimates was 1.28 (1.17, 1.40). There was also some evidence that the associations of obesity with all-cause mortality and incident CVD were stronger in adults who reported being plumper at 10 years. In genetic analyses, however, there was no evidence that the association of obesity (according to the adult PRS) with mortality or incident CVD differed according to childhood body size (according to the child PRS). For incident obesity-related cancer, the evidence for effect modification was limited and inconsistent between the observational and genetic analyses.ConclusionsGreater risks for all-cause mortality and incident CVD in adults with obesity who perceive themselves to have been a thinner or plumper than average child may be due to confounding and/or recall bias.

Average birth weight and height for sample population percentiles for males and females.

This statistic displays the body mass index (BMI) distribution of pregnant women in England in 2018/19, by age group. In this period, **** percent of pregnant women aged 30 to 39 years were classed as normal weight.

The Health Survey for England (HSE) monitors trends in the nation’s health and care. It provides information about adults aged 16 and over, and children aged 0 to 15, living in private households in England. The survey consists of an interview, followed by a visit from a nurse who takes some measurements and blood and saliva samples. Interviews for children aged 0 to 12 were carried out with a parent; children aged 13 to 15 were interviewed directly. Children aged 8 to 15 filled in a self-completion booklet about their drinking and smoking behaviour and young adults, aged between 16 and 17 completed these questions directly into a computer. A total of 8,205 adults (aged 16 and over) and 2,095 children (aged 0 to 15) were interviewed in the 2019 survey. 4,947 adults and 1,169 children had a nurse visit. Each survey in the series includes core questions, and measurements such as blood pressure, height and weight measurements and analysis of blood and saliva samples. In addition, there are modules of questions on specific topics that vary from year to year. The Main Findings follow this page via the link at the bottom. Detailed reports and a link to the supporting Excel tables can be found further down this page and include: • Overweight and obesity in adults and children • Eating Disorders • Adults' health-related behaviours (includes smoking and alcohol consumption) • Children’s health (includes smoking and alcohol consumption) • Providing care to family and friends • Adults' health (includes diabetes, hypertension, and high cholesterol) • Use of health care services

Supplementary information files for: The associations of maternal and paternal obesity with latent patterns of offspring BMI development between 7-17 years of age: pooled analyses of cohorts born in 1958 and 2001 in the United Kingdom Objective We aimed to 1) describe how the UK obesity epidemic reflects a change over time in the proportion of the population demonstrating adverse latent patterns of BMI development and 2) investigate the potential roles of maternal and paternal BMI in this secular process. Methods We used serial BMI data between 7-17 years of age from 13220 boys and 12711 girls. Half the sample was born in 1958 and half in 2001. Sex-specific growth mixture models were developed. The relationships of maternal and paternal BMI and weight status with class membership were estimated using the 3-step BCH approach, with covariate adjustment. Results The selected models had five classes. For each sex, in addition to the two largest normal weight classes, there were “normal weight increasing to overweight” (17% of boys and 20% of girls), “overweight increasing to obesity” (8% and 6%), and “overweight decreasing to normal weight” (3% and 6%) classes. More than 1-in-10 children from the 2001 birth cohort were in the “overweight increasing to obesity” class, compared to less than 1-in-30 from the 1958 birth cohort. Approximately 75% of the mothers and fathers of this class had overweight or obesity. When considered together, both maternal and paternal BMI were associated with latent class membership, with evidence of negative departure from additivity (i.e., the combined effect of maternal and paternal BMI was smaller than the sum of the individual effects). The odds of a girl belonging to the “overweight increasing to obesity” class (compared to the largest normal weight class) was 13.11 (8.74, 19.66) times higher if both parents had overweight or obesity (compared to both parents having normal weight); the equivalent estimate for boys was 9.01 (6.37, 12.75). Conclusions The increase in obesity rates in the UK over more than 40 years has been partly driven by the growth of a sub-population demonstrating excess BMI gain during adolescence. Our results implicate both maternal and paternal BMI as correlates of this secular process.

Values are expressed in SD scores (i.e., we calculated residuals after adjusting for age and the first 10 PC in men and women, followed by inverse normal transformation to a distribution with mean of 0 and SD of 1). Cochran–Armitage test for trend was used to compare carriers and noncarriers as well as individuals of normal weight and with obesity for IPAQ, comparative body size at age 10 years and comparative height at age 10 years. P values are reported for adjusted means for age, sex, and 10 PCs. IPAQ, International Physical Activity Questionnaire; MET, metabolic equivalent minutes; PC, principle component; PRSBMI, standardized scores of the polygenic risk score of BMI with mean 0 and SD of 1; SD, standard deviation. (XLSX)

Supplementary Information files for: Contribution of 20-year body mass index and waist circumference history to poor cardiometabolic health in overweight/obese and normal weight adults: a cohort studyBackground and Aims: We investigated the associations of 20-year body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) histories with risk of being 1) metabolically unhealthy overweight/obese (MUOO) vs metabolically healthy overweight/obese (MHOO) and 2) metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW) vs metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW). Methods and Results: Participants comprised 3,018 adults (2,280 males; 738 females) with BMI and WC measured, every ~5 years, in 1991-1994, 1997-1999, 2002-2004, 2007-2009, and 2012-2013. Mean age in 2012-2013 was 69.3 years, with a range of 59.7-82.2 years. Duration was defined as the number of times a person was overweight/obese (or centrally obese) across the 5 visits, severity as each person’s mean BMI (or WC), and variability as the within-person standard deviation of BMI (or WC). At the 2013-2013 visit, participants were categorised based on their weight (overweight/obese or normal weight; body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2 ) and health status (healthy or unhealthy; two or more of hypertension, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high triglycerides, high glucose, and high homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance). Logistic regression was used to estimate associations with the risk of being MUNW (reference MHNW) and MUOO (reference MHOO) at the last visit. BMI and WC severity were each related to increased risk of being unhealthy, with estimates being stronger among normal weight than overweight/obese adults. The estimates for variability exposures became null upon adjustment for severity. Individuals who were overweight/obese at all 5 time points had a 1.60 (0.96-2.67) times higher risk of being MUOO than MHOO compared to those who were only overweight/obese at one (i.e., the last) time point. The corresponding estimate for central obesity was 4.20 (2.88-6.12). Greater duration was also related to higher risk of MUNW than MHNW. Conclusion: Being overweight/obese yet healthy seems to be partially attributable to lower exposure to adiposity across 20 years of adulthood. The results highlight the importance of maintaining optimum and stable BMI and WC, both in adults who become and do not become overweight/obese.

*It should be noted that the expedition ended on day 47 and the expedition end value was extrapolated from the measurements made on days 40 and 45.

Associations of weight change between second and third live-birth pregnancies with PB at third pregnancy, stratified by BMI group at the start of the second pregnancy, in a population-based cohort from Southampton, UK 2003–2018.

This clinical study was approved by the Ethics Committee at Hangzhou Xixi Hospital (Zhejiang province, China). A total of 11 males and 37 females were included in normal weight healthy control group (NC); 77 males and 19 females were included in BMI group. Normal weight healthy control group: BMI equals or less than 23 without acute and chronic diseases.; BMI group: BMI equals or above 25

This study investigates the effect of maternal diet-induced obesity in mice on maternal and offspring (male and female) nutrient intake, growth and adiposity, and investigates the effects of maternal diet on the behaviour of male and female offspring in four tasks. Figure 1 describes the nutrient intake of pre-pregnant, pregnant and lactating mice on a control versus a high fat and high sugar (HFHS) diet (mean and SD across cages). Figure 2 describes the body weight (mean and SD), the fat mass (individual mice) and lean mass (individual mice) of pre-pregnant, pregnant and lactating mice on a control versus a HFHS diet. Figure 3 describes the body mass and fractional growth rate of the male and female pre-weaning offspring (2 to 21 days of age) of mothers on the control versus HFHS diet. Figure 4 describes the nutrient intake of the male and female offspring, after weaning (21 to 91 days of age) of mothers on the control versus HFHS diet. Figure 5 describes the body weight (mean and SD), fractional growth rate (mean and SD) and fat & lean masses (individual mice) in the male and female offspring, after weaning (21 to 91 days of age) of mothers on the control versus HFHS diet. Figure 6 describes 4 measures of anxiety-related behaviour in the elevated plus maze by male and female offspring of mothers on the control versus HFHS diet. Figure 7 describes 4 measures of cognitive behaviour in the novel object recognition task by male and female offspring of mothers on the control versus HFHS diet. Figure Supplementary 2 describes 4 measurements of locomotion and anxiety-related behaviour int he open field task by male and female offspring of mothers on the control versus HFHS diet. Figure Supplementary 3 describes 2 measures of social preference behaviour of male and female offspring of mothers on the control versus HFHS diet. Table 1 gives all of the body weights, organ weights and fat deposit weights measured in this study in the pre-pregnant, pregnant and lactating female mice and int he male and female offspring.

In 2022, the mean waist circumference in England among the age group of 65 to 74 years was 104.5 centimeters for men and 91.3 centimeters for women. The was the age group with the largest average waist circumference among men, while the highest among women was reported in the age groups 55 to 64 years and above 75 years. Age and gender differences in very high waist circumference The 2022 data shows that the age group between 65 and 74 years in England had the largest share of men with very high waist circumference at 54 percent, whereas 56 percent of the women in the age group from 55 to 64 years had the same classification. Interestingly, both men and women. The youngest age group, 16 to 34 years, had the smallest share of individuals with very high waist circumference for both genders, with men at 17 percent and women at 34 percent. Obesity trends and health implications The increasing waist sizes align with broader obesity trends in England. In 2022, the mean body mass index (BMI) for both men and women was 27.6, which falls into the overweight category. This is part of a steady upward trend since 1998. The prevalence of obesity has also risen, with 30 percent of women and 28 percent of men classified as obese in 2022, up from 21 percent for both genders in 2000. Additionally, 39 percent of men and 31 percent of women were classified as overweight in 2022, while the share of individuals classified as having normal body weight was 31 percent among men and 37 percent among women in England.