Between January 1971 and May 2025, gold had average annual returns of **** percent, which was only slightly more than the return of commodities, with an annual average of around eight percent. The annual return of gold was over ** percent in 2024. What is the total global demand for gold? The global demand for gold remains robust owing to its historical importance, financial stability, and cultural appeal. During economic uncertainty, investors look for a safe haven, while emerging markets fuel jewelry demand. A distinct contrast transpired during COVID-19, when the global demand for gold experienced a sharp decline in 2020 owing to a reduction in consumer spending. However, the subsequent years saw an increase in demand for the precious metal. How much gold is produced worldwide? The production of gold depends mainly on geological formations, market demand, and the cost of production. These factors have a significant impact on the discovery, extraction, and economic viability of gold mining operations worldwide. In 2024, the worldwide production of gold was expected to reach *** million ounces, and it is anticipated that the rate of growth will increase as exploration technologies improve, gold prices rise, and mining practices improve.

As of 31 May 2025, MSCI U.S. had an average **-year return rate of ***** percent, whereas gold had a return rate of ***** percent. Gold mining overview In light of recent technological advancements shaping the gold mining market, global gold production has been rather stable in the last few years, hovering around ***** metric tons since 2020. Among nations, Australia holds the highest gold production, surpassing countries with the highest mine gold reserves. Gold as a financial security Known for its ability to provide diversification to investment portfolios, gold has exhibited a positive trend in its Gold’s return rate was particularly high in the early 2000s, and, despite experiencing a decline during the pandemic, it demonstrated a remarkable recovery since. Furthermore, gold serves as a valuable asset for a nation's economic stability, with the United States holding the highest amount of

Gold rose to 4,015.59 USD/t.oz on October 10, 2025, up 1.02% from the previous day. Over the past month, Gold's price has risen 10.56%, and is up 51.13% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Gold - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on October of 2025.

Dataset of historical annual gold prices from 1970 to 2024, including significant events and acts that impacted gold prices.

In 2024, one troy ounce of gold had an annual average price of ******** U.S. dollars. Gold pricing determinants Gold is a metal that is considered malleable, ductile, and is known for its bright lustrous yellow color. This transition metal is highly valued as a precious metal for its use in coins, jewelry, and in investments. Gold was also once used as a standard for monetary policies between different countries. The price of gold is determined by daily fixings where participants agree to buy or sell at a set price or to maintain the price through supply and demand control. For gold, companies like Barclays Capital, Scotia-Mocatta, Sociétè Générale, HSBC, and Deutsche Bank are members in gold fixing at the London Bullion Market Association.

The price of gold per troy ounce increased considerably between 1990 and 2025, despite some fluctuations. A troy ounce is the international common unit of weight used for precious metals and is approximately **** grams. At the end of 2024, a troy ounce of gold cost ******* U.S. dollars. As of * June 2025, it increased considerably to ******** U.S. dollars. Price of – additional information In 2000, the price of gold was at its lowest since 1990, with a troy ounce of gold costing ***** U.S. dollars in that year. Since then, gold prices have been rising and after the economic crisis of 2008, the price of gold rose at higher rates than ever before as the market began to see gold as an increasingly good investment. History has shown, gold is seen as a good investment in times of uncertainty because it can or is thought to function as a good store of value against a declining currency as well as providing protection against inflation. However, unlike other commodities, once gold is mined it does not get used up like other commodities (for example, such as gasoline). So while gold may be a good investment at times, the supply demand argument does not apply to gold. Nonetheless, the demand for gold has been mostly consistent.

Dataset of historical annual silver prices from 1970 to 2022, including significant events and acts that impacted silver prices.

The study on hand is an investigation on seasonal fluctuation ranges of the German Reichsbank’s metal stocks between 1876 and 1920. The test of seasonal unity roots enables the identification of the character of deterministic and random seasonal fluctuations of timeseries. This specific method of timeseries analysis is applied to the monetary time series on monthly basis of the German Reichsbank. The timeseries are collected from weakly surveyed data with 2160 cases. The analysis shows, that a deterministic seasonal fluctuation of cases with particularly strong seasonality at the beginning and at the end of the year could be identified. Data Tables (see Online-Database HISTAT): - Cash flow, Gold- and foreign exchange balance in Million Reichsmark (1876-1920) - Metal stocks of the Reichsbank, weekly data (1876-1920) Variables: Weekly data: - Metal stocks are stocks of gold, taler, and secondary coins.. Yearly data: - Cash flow - Gold- and foreign exchange balance - Cash flow, total (Angaben der Dt. Bundesbank) - Cash flow, gold coins - Gold- and foreign exchange balance of the central bank, total - Gold- and foreign exchange balance of the central bank, gold coins - Metalstocks, yearly averages - average of gold stocks - average stock of german coins. Analysis of the following sources: 1) Official Statistics: Jahrbuch für die amtliche Statistik des preussischen Staates, Statistisches Handbuch für den preussischen Staat, Statistisches Jahrbuch für das Deutsche Reich, Vierteljahreshefte zur Statistik des Deutschen Reichs. 2) Archival Material: Preussische Gesetz-Sammlung (GR 3600 MF, HA10 Bo 100, Microfiches, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Preussischer Kulturbesitz). 3) Reports of the German Reichsbank Die Reichsbank, 1876 – 1900, Berlin 1900, Die Reichsbank, 1901 – 1925, Berlin 1925. Territory of investigation: German Empire. Untersuchung der saisonalen Schwankungsbreite der Metallvorräte der Reichsbank von 1876 bis 1920. Der saisonale Einheitswurzel-Test ermöglicht es, den Charakter von deterministischen und zufälligen saisonalen Schwankungen in Zeitreihen zu bestimmen. Diese spezifische Methode der Zeitreihenanalyse wird auf monetäre Zeitreihen auf Monatsbasis der deutschen Reichsbank angewendet. Die Zeitreihen sind aus wöchentlich erhobenen Daten mit 2160 Beobachtungen gebildet worden. Die Analyse zeigte, dass eine deterministische saisonale Schwankung der Werte mit besonders starker Saisonalität zum Beginn und zum Ende des Jahres festgestellt werden kann. Untergliederung der Studie (Tabellen ZA-Datenbank HISTAT): - Bargeldumlauf, Gold- und Devisenbestand in Millionen Reichsmark (1876-1920) - Die Metallvorräte der Reichsbank, Wochendaten (1876-1920) Variablen: Wochendaten: - Metallvorräte sind Goldbestände, Taler und Scheidemünzen. Jahresdaten: - Bargeldumlauf - Gold- und Devisenbestand - Bargeldumlauf, insgesamt (Angaben der Dt. Bundesbank) - Bargeldumlauf, Goldmünzen - Gold- und Devisenbestand der Notenbank insgesamt - Gold- und Devisenbestand der Notenbank, Goldbestand - Metallvorrat, Jahresdurchschnitt - Durchschnittlicher Goldbestand - Durchschnittlicher Bestand an deutschen Münzen

The study on hand is an investigation on seasonal fluctuation ranges of the German Reichsbank’s metal stocks between 1876 and 1920.

The test of seasonal unity roots enables the identification of the character of deterministic and random seasonal fluctuations of timeseries. This specific method of timeseries analysis is applied to the monetary time series on monthly basis of the German Reichsbank. The timeseries are collected from weakly surveyed data with 2160 cases. The analysis shows, that a deterministic seasonal fluctuation of cases with particularly strong seasonality at the beginning and at the end of the year could be identified.

Data Tables (see Online-Database HISTAT): - Cash flow, Gold- and foreign exchange balance in Million Reichsmark (1876-1920) - Metal stocks of the Reichsbank, weekly data (1876-1920)

Variables: Weekly data: - Metal stocks are stocks of gold, taler, and secondary coins.. Yearly data: - Cash flow - Gold- and foreign exchange balance - Cash flow, total (Angaben der Dt. Bundesbank) - Cash flow, gold coins - Gold- and foreign exchange balance of the central bank, total - Gold- and foreign exchange balance of the central bank, gold coins - Metalstocks, yearly averages - average of gold stocks - average stock of german coins.

Analysis of the following sources:

1) Official Statistics: Jahrbuch für die amtliche Statistik des preussischen Staates, Statistisches Handbuch für den preussischen Staat, Statistisches Jahrbuch für das Deutsche Reich, Vierteljahreshefte zur Statistik des Deutschen Reichs.

2) Archival Material: Preussische Gesetz-Sammlung (GR 3600 MF, HA10 Bo 100, Microfiches, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Preussischer Kulturbesitz).

3) Reports of the German Reichsbank Die Reichsbank, 1876 – 1900, Berlin 1900, Die Reichsbank, 1901 – 1925, Berlin 1925.

Territory of investigation: German Empire.

Interactive chart of the daily 3 month LIBOR rate back to 1986. The London Interbank Offered Rate is the average interest rate at which leading banks borrow funds from other banks in the London market. LIBOR is the most widely used global "benchmark" or reference rate for short term interest rates.

Rhodium rose to 7,225 USD/t oz. on October 10, 2025, up 0.35% from the previous day. Over the past month, Rhodium's price has risen 1.40%, and is up 51.31% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Rhodium - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on October of 2025.

In 2024, Mexico was the largest gold-producing country in Latin America, with an estimated output of *** metric tons. It was followed by Peru, with a production of 100 metric tons. The two regional leaders also rank among the top gold producers worldwide. Lucky finders of the golden ticket Gold mining has been an important part of the history of many Latin American countries, sometimes dating back to pre-colonial times. Centuries later, the segment still plays a major role in their economy. For example, gold exports from Peru contributed an average of ** billion U.S. dollars in recent years to the Andean country, with Switzerland, India, and Canada among the main countries of destination. Meanwhile, on the northern side of the region, gold remains the most important metal in the Mexican mining sector, accounting for nearly one third of the sector's production value. In turn, annual gold exports from the North American country stood at around *** billion U.S. dollars through the second half of the past decade. A safe bet Unlike many commodities, gold has endured as a valuable resource. Its chemical stability and resistance, combined with a relatively scarce offer, have led this precious metal to be frequently seen as an appealing investment. Perceived as carrying reduced risk, demand is usually at the highest in times of uncertainty. In fact, amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, the average price of gold reached just under *** thousand U.S. dollars per troy ounce, one of the highest values on record.

The average for 2023 based on 161 countries was 91.52 billion U.S. dollars. The highest value was in China: 3449.54 billion U.S. dollars and the lowest value was in Sao Tome and Principe: 0.05 billion U.S. dollars. The indicator is available from 1960 to 2024. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

Copper fell to 4.80 USD/Lbs on October 10, 2025, down 6.16% from the previous day. Over the past month, Copper's price has risen 4.07%, and is up 7.81% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Copper - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on October of 2025.

Nickel fell to 15,215 USD/T on October 10, 2025, down 1.74% from the previous day. Over the past month, Nickel's price has fallen 0.03%, and is down 14.99% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Nickel - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on October of 2025.

Australia's main stock market index, the ASX200, fell to 8958 points on October 10, 2025, losing 0.13% from the previous session. Over the past month, the index has climbed 1.74% and is up 9.05% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks this benchmark index from Australia. Australia Stock Market Index - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on October of 2025.

Brent fell to 62.73 USD/Bbl on October 10, 2025, down 3.82% from the previous day. Over the past month, Brent's price has fallen 5.48%, and is down 20.64% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Brent crude oil - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on October of 2025.

CRB Index fell to 363.85 Index Points on October 10, 2025, down 2.18% from the previous day. Over the past month, CRB Index's price has fallen 2.21%, but it is still 5.02% higher than a year ago, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. CRB Commodity Index - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on October of 2025.

Titanium traded flat at 48 CNY/KG on October 10, 2025. Over the past month, Titanium's price has fallen 2.04%, but it is still 9.09% higher than a year ago, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for Titanium.