The gross national income (GNI) per capita in Ghana reached 2,340 U.S. dollars in 2023, decreasing by 40 U.S. dollars from the preceding year. Generally, the GNI per capita increased in the country compared to 2010, when it stood at 1,200 U.S. dollars.

Ghana: Personal income per capita, U.S. dollars: The latest value from is U.S. dollars, unavailable from U.S. dollars in . In comparison, the world average is 0 U.S. dollars, based on data from countries. Historically, the average for Ghana from to is U.S. dollars. The minimum value, U.S. dollars, was reached in while the maximum of U.S. dollars was recorded in .

The Gross Domestic Product per capita in Ghana was last recorded at 2169.67 US dollars in 2024. The GDP per Capita in Ghana is equivalent to 17 percent of the world's average. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Ghana GDP per capita - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

In 2019, the individual living wage in Ghana amounted to 900 Ghana cedis (GHS) (approximately 154.78 U.S. dollars) per month, which was an increase of 40 GHS (around 6.87 U.S. dollars) compared to the previous year. Overall, the individual monthly living wage in the country grew from 880 GHS (roughly 151.12 U.S. dollars) in 2015 to 900 GHS in 2018.

Ghana GH: GDP: USD: Gross National Income per Capita: Atlas Method data was reported at 1,490.000 USD in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 1,390.000 USD for 2016. Ghana GH: GDP: USD: Gross National Income per Capita: Atlas Method data is updated yearly, averaging 385.000 USD from Dec 1962 (Median) to 2017, with 56 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,730.000 USD in 2013 and a record low of 190.000 USD in 1962. Ghana GH: GDP: USD: Gross National Income per Capita: Atlas Method data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ghana – Table GH.World Bank.WDI: Gross Domestic Product: Nominal. GNI per capita (formerly GNP per capita) is the gross national income, converted to U.S. dollars using the World Bank Atlas method, divided by the midyear population. GNI is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. GNI, calculated in national currency, is usually converted to U.S. dollars at official exchange rates for comparisons across economies, although an alternative rate is used when the official exchange rate is judged to diverge by an exceptionally large margin from the rate actually applied in international transactions. To smooth fluctuations in prices and exchange rates, a special Atlas method of conversion is used by the World Bank. This applies a conversion factor that averages the exchange rate for a given year and the two preceding years, adjusted for differences in rates of inflation between the country, and through 2000, the G-5 countries (France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States). From 2001, these countries include the Euro area, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States.; ; World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; Weighted average;

As of 2023 people in Ghana employed in the field of executive management and change received the highest average salary of ****** U.S. dollars per year. Engineering and financial service professionals followed, with ****** and ****** U.S. dollars of annual earnings, respectively. According to the source, the lowest salary was received by individuals working in the area of logistics, operations and purchasing, as this amounted to ***** U.S. dollars per year.

Key information about Ghana Monthly Earnings

• Ghana Monthly Earnings stood at 242 USD in Dec 2015, compared with the previous figure of 250 USD in Dec 2013
• Ghana Monthly Earnings data is updated yearly, available from Dec 2013 to Dec 2015, with an average number of 246 USD
• The data reached the an all-time high of 250 USD in Dec 2013 and a record low of 242 USD in Dec 2015

• In the latest reports, Ghana Population reached 31 million people in Dec 2020
• Unemployment Rate of Ghana increased to 4 % in Dec 2023
• The country's Labour Force Participation Rate dropped to 69 % in Dec 2023

In 2024, the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in Ghana was estimated at 2,405.8 U.S. dollars. Between 1980 and 2024, the figure dropped by 833.65 U.S. dollars, though the decline followed an uneven course rather than a steady trajectory. The forecast shows the GDP per capita will steadily grow by 697.36 U.S. dollars from 2024 to 2030.This indicator describes the gross domestic product per capita at current prices. Thereby, the gross domestic product was first converted from national currency to U.S. dollars at current exchange rates and then divided by the total population. The gross domestic product is a measure of a country's productivity. It refers to the total value of goods and service produced during a given time period (here a year).

GDP per capita (current US$) in Ghana was reported at 2406 USD in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Ghana - GDP per capita - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on August of 2025.

Key information about Ghana Household Expenditure per Capita

• Ghana Annual Household Expenditure per Capita reached 1,161.488 USD in Dec 2018, compared with the last update number of 1,648.827 USD in Dec 2013.
• Ghana Annual Household Expenditure per Capita data is updated yearly, available from Dec 2006 to Dec 2018, with an averaged value of 1,161.488 USD.
• The data reached an all-time high of 1,648.827 USD in Dec 2013 and a record low of 1,008.625 USD in Dec 2006.

Ghana GH: GDP: Growth: GNI per Capita data was reported at 5.319 % in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.721 % for 2016. Ghana GH: GDP: Growth: GNI per Capita data is updated yearly, averaging 4.367 % from Dec 2007 (Median) to 2017, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 9.564 % in 2011 and a record low of 0.011 % in 2014. Ghana GH: GDP: Growth: GNI per Capita data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ghana – Table GH.World Bank.WDI: Gross Domestic Product: Annual Growth Rate. Annual percentage growth rate of GNI per capita based on constant local currency. Aggregates are based on constant 2010 U.S. dollars. GNI per capita is gross national income divided by midyear population. GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad.; ; World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; Weighted average;

As of 2022, the daily minimum wage in Ghana stood at ***** Ghanaian cedis (GHS) (approximately *** U.S. dollars), representing an increase of one cedi (around **** U.S. dollars) from the previous year. The minimum wage in the country progressively increased from 2010 onwards. Moreover, in 2022, the base pay in Ghana increased along with the minimum wage. Overall, the 2003 Labor Act mandates the Ghana National Tripartite Committee to determine the national daily minimum wage.

7,730 (international dollars) in 2024. GNI per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP). PPP GNI is gross national income (GNI) converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GNI as a U.S. dollar has in the United States. GNI is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad.

At the lower-middle-income level, the poverty rate in Ghana was forecast at **** percent in 2021, meaning this share of the population lived up on **** U.S. dollars per day. Considering the upper-middle-income level, at **** U.S. dollars per day, the poverty rate was forecast at **** percent. The values changed slightly compared to the previous years in analysis. This means that the rate of poverty in Ghana was not expected to experience drastic changes in the years following 2019. The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and its impact on economic activities could be attributed to the unimproved poverty levels registered in the country.

The Gross Domestic Product per capita in Ghana was last recorded at 7061.93 US dollars in 2024, when adjusted by purchasing power parity (PPP). The GDP per Capita, in Ghana, when adjusted by Purchasing Power Parity is equivalent to 40 percent of the world's average. This dataset provides - Ghana GDP per capita PPP - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Seychelles had the largest Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita in Africa as of 2024. The value amounted to 21,630 U.S. dollars. Mauritius followed with around 12,330 U.S. dollars, whereas Gabon registered 8,840 U.S. dollars. GDP per capita is calculated by dividing a country’s GDP by its population, meaning that some of the largest economies are not ranked within the leading ten. Impact of COVID-19 on North Africa’s GDP When looking at the GDP growth rate in Africa in 2024, Libya had the largest estimated growth in Northern Africa, a value of 7.8 percent compared to the previous year. Niger and Senegal were at the top of the list with rates of 10.4 percent and 8.3 percent, respectively. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the impact on the economy was severe. The growth of the North African real GDP was estimated at minus 1.1 percent in 2020. However, estimations for 2022 looked much brighter, as it was set that the region would see a GDP growth of six percent, compared to four percent in 2021.
Contribution of Tourism Various countries in Africa are dependent on tourism, contributing to the economy. In 2023, travel and tourism were estimated to contribute 182.6 billion U.S. dollars, a clear increase from 96.5 in 2020 following COVID-19. As of 2024, South Africa, Mauritius, and Egypt led tourism in the continent according to the Travel & Tourism Development Index.

Ghana GH: GDP: 2010 Price: USD: GNI per Capita data was reported at 1,756.248 USD in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 1,667.558 USD for 2016. Ghana GH: GDP: 2010 Price: USD: GNI per Capita data is updated yearly, averaging 1,445.949 USD from Dec 2006 (Median) to 2017, with 12 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,756.248 USD in 2017 and a record low of 1,122.709 USD in 2006. Ghana GH: GDP: 2010 Price: USD: GNI per Capita data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ghana – Table GH.World Bank: Gross Domestic Product: Real. GNI per capita is gross national income divided by midyear population. GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in constant 2010 U.S. dollars.; ; World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; Weighted Average;

Ghana government spending on employee wages and salaries covered *** percent of its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as of the second quarter of 2023. This was in the value of approximately **** billion Ghanaian cedis, roughly **** billion U.S. dollars. In the full year 2022, the share reached *** percent, slightly decreasing from the preceding year.

Abstract

The Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS), with its focus on the household as a key social and economic unit, provides valuable insights into living conditions in Ghana. This present report gives a summary of the main findings of the fourth round survey, which was carried out by the Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) over a 12-month period (April 1998 to March 1999).

A representative nationwide sample of more than 5,998 households, containing over 25,000 persons, was covered in GLSS 4. Detailed information was collected on all aspects of living conditions, including health, education, employment, housing, agricultural activities, the operation of non-farm establishments, remittances, savings, and credit and assets. The special focus of GLSS 4 was on collecting detailed labour force, income and expenditure data in respect of all household members.

The key findings of the survey are as follows:

Education

Information are given on levels of educational attainment of the adult population, current school enrolment, educational expenditure by households, adult literacy rates, and apprenticeship training. About 32 percent of all adults (representing nearly three and a half million people) have never been to school, a quarter went to school but did not obtain any qualifications; about 33 percent have the MSLC/JSS certificate as their highest qualification, while the remaining 10 percent (a million adults) have secondary or higher-level qualifications (Section 2.1).

About 8 in every ten children aged 6-15, and about half of those aged 16-18, are currently attending school or college. Attendance rates for females are lower than those for males, especially in the northern half of the country (Section 2.2). The average annual cost to a household of maintaining a person at school or college was ¢163,500 per year in March 1999 cedis (Section 2.3). The survey results indicate that 50 percent of adults in Ghana are literate in English or a local language. There are substantial differences between the sexes, and between localities, with regard to literacy. A little over 6 out of every 10 men, but fewer than 4 out of every 10 women, are literate. More than two-thirds (66%) of adults in urban areas are literate, but in rural areas only 41 percent are literate (Section 2.4).

Health

The survey collected data on each person's health condition over the previous two weeks; on the fertility, pre-natal care and contraceptive use of women aged 15-49; on the post-natal care of children aged 5 years and under; and on the preventive health care and vaccination of children aged 7 years and under. About 26 percent of the sample reported having suffered from an illness or injury in the previous two weeks, 61 percent of whom had to stop their usual activities due to the indisposition (Section 3.2).

The survey found that 7.0 percent of women were currently pregnant, and a further 13.2 percent had been pregnant in the last 12 months. Only about 15 percent of all women aged 15-49 or their partners reported using contraceptives; about 11 percent use modern methods, and 4 percent use traditional methods, to prevent or delay pregnancy (Section 3.3). The level of breastfeeding in Ghana is very high; about 98 percent of all children under 5 have been breastfed at one time or another. About 7 percent of children below the age of 8 have never been vaccinated against any of the childhood killer diseases.

Employment

As a major focus of the survey, a wide range of estimates of economic activity, employment, unemployment, underemployment and working conditions are given in the report. The survey also has detailed information about time spent on housekeeping activities. About 77 percent of the adult population (aged 15+) is currently economically active. The activity rates for males and females differ, with the rate for women in the age group (15-64) lower than those for men, but in the younger age group (7-14) and the older age group (65+) the rates for females exceed those for males. For each age group the activity rates for males and females are higher in rural areas (apart from rural savannah) than in urban areas (Section 4.2).

The majority of the working population is employed in agricultural activities (55.0%), followed by trading (18.3%) and then manufacturing (11.7%). Whereas 27.4 percent of working females are engaged in trading, only 7.4 percent of males are traders. The highest hourly wage rates are obtained in mining and quarrying, followed by financial services and then trading. For all areas of employment, females earn lower wages than males (Section 4.3). About 8 percent of the currently active population can be classified as unemployed, but there is also a high degree of underemployment, with some people having a job but wanting to do more work (Section 4.4).

In many households, particularly in rural areas, family members (especially women) spend a great deal of their time fetching water and firewood, in addition to the time spent on other household activities such as cooking and cleaning (Section 4.5).

Migration

The report provides data on migration to create some awareness that would generate further discussions and research into the complex field of population relocation. Some 52 percent of all Ghanaians are migrants, having previously lived in a locality different from where they are living at present; a further 16 percent have moved away from their birthplace, but subsequently returned (Section 5.1).

Housing

Detailed information is presented on a variety of housing characteristics: the occupancy status of the household; household size and room density; access to drinking water, toilet facilities, source of lighting and fuel, rubbish disposal, and materials used in house construction. A little over 40 percent (24 percent in urban areas and 60 percent in rural areas) of the households own the houses they live in. About 80 percent of the households in urban areas have access to pipe-borne water, compared with only 19 percent in rural areas. More than three-quarters of urban households have electricity for lighting, compared with only 17 percent of rural households. Most urban households use charcoal for cooking, whereas most households in rural areas use firewood. Only 14 percent of urban households, and 2 percent of rural households, have access to a flush toilet (Section 6.3).

Household agriculture

About 2.7 million households in Ghana own or operate a farm or keep livestock (Section 7.1). More than half of households, which cultivate crops hire labour for their operations. The major crops, in terms of sales, are cocoa, maize, groundnuts/peanuts, and rice (Section 7.2). About 2 and a half million households process crops or fish for sale, with the major responsibility for this activity falling on women.

Non-farm enterprises

Approximately 1.9 million households or 49 percent of all households in Ghana operate a non-farm business with women operating two-thirds of these businesses. About 56 percent of all businesses involve retail trade, and most of the rest cover some kind of manufacturing (for instance food, beverages, textiles or clothing) (Section 8.1).

Total expenditure

Average annual household expenditure (both cash and imputed) relative to March 1999 prices was about ¢4,244,000. Given an average household size of 4.3, this implies annual per capita expenditure of about ¢987,000 (Section 9.1). With an exchange rate of ¢2,394 to the US dollar prevailing at March 1999, the average annual household expenditure is US$1,773 and the pre-capita expenditure is US$412. Overall, cash expenditure on food represents 45.4 percent of total household expenditure, while the imputed value of own-produced food consumed by households represents a further 10.3 percent (Section 9.2).

Cash expenditure

Relative to March 1999 prices, Ghanaian households spend on average almost ¢3,500,000 a year (at March 1999 prices), or ¢804,000 on per capita basis (Section 9.3). On national terms, just below half of total cash expenditure (46%) went to food and beverages; and alcohol and tobacco, and clothing and footwear, each accounted for about 10 percent of it. The next most important expenditure groups, in terms of amount spent, are recreation and education (7.5%), transport and communications (5.6%), housing and utility (6.4%) and household goods, operations and services (6.0%).

Food consumption

At the time of the survey Ghanaian households (which number about 4.2 million) were spending on average an amount of almost ¢2.4 billion (at March 1999 prices) on food (Section 9.5), with own-grown food consumed amounting to the value of almost ¢435,000 (Section 8.7). The most important food consumption subgroups, in terms of cash expenditure are roots and tubers (22%), fish (16%), cereals and cereal products (15%), vegetables (9%), and meat (5%). Prepared meals account for 11 percent by value of total food consumption.

While the pattern of consumption, in terms of food subgroups, is broadly similar in urban and rural areas, residents in rural areas consume more roots and tubers, and pulses and nuts than their counterparts in urban areas. Expenditure on alcohol and tobacco is also higher in rural areas. In contrast, the consumption of meat and prepared meal are much higher in urban areas than in rural areas, and urban residents spend much more on cereals and cereal products and poultry and poultry products than their rural counterparts (Section 9.5).

Remittances

About 76 percent of all households reported having remitted money or goods in the previous 12 months to persons who were not their household members. The bulk of these remittances to non-household members went to relatives (93%), and in particular to parents or children (50%), brothers or sisters (18%), and other relatives (23%). Such income flows from the household benefited females (64%) more than their male counterparts (36%).

Whilst

As of April 2025, South Africa's GDP was estimated at over 410 billion U.S. dollars, the highest in Africa. Egypt followed, with a GDP worth around 347 billion U.S. dollars, and ranked as the second-highest on the continent. Algeria ranked third, with nearly 269 billion U.S. dollars. These African economies are among some of the fastest-growing economies worldwide. Dependency on oil For some African countries, the oil industry represents an enormous source of income. In Nigeria, oil generates over five percent of the country’s GDP in the third quarter of 2023. However, economies such as the Libyan, Algerian, or Angolan are even much more dependent on the oil sector. In Libya, for instance, oil rents account for over 40 percent of the GDP. Indeed, Libya is one of the economies most dependent on oil worldwide. Similarly, oil represents for some of Africa’s largest economies a substantial source of export value. The giants do not make the ranking Most of Africa’s largest economies do not appear in the leading ten African countries for GDP per capita. The GDP per capita is calculated by dividing a country’s GDP by its population. Therefore, a populated country with a low total GDP will have a low GDP per capita, while a small rich nation has a high GDP per capita. For instance, South Africa has Africa’s highest GDP, but also counts the sixth-largest population, so wealth has to be divided into its big population. The GDP per capita also indicates how a country’s wealth reaches each of its citizens. In Africa, Seychelles has the greatest GDP per capita.