Initial IPO returns in the United States fluctuated between 2005 and 2023. Throughout the period considered, 2020 was the best year for first-day gains, amounting to ** percent. In 2023, the average first-day gain after an IPO in the U.S. was **** percent, as IPOs maintained their offering prices on their first day of trading.

The median size of initial public offerings (IPOs) in the United States increased significantly in 2020. However, in 2023, the median IPO size reached 10 million U.S. dollars, a dramatic decrease compared to the previous years. This figure gives an idea of how willing speculators in the United States are to invest in a company going public, which is the process of being listed on a stock exchange for the first time. Who goes public? Most IPOs come from relatively new firms that have grown quickly. For example, the Alibaba Group Holding IPO was the largest IPO in the United States. This firm is a relatively new tech company overseen by Jack Ma, who had already generated billions in private funding before going public. However, Visa’s 2008 IPO occurred 50 years after the company’s founding, when it already had millions of credit cards in circulation. Still, the company had generated enough enthusiasm for its IPO to raise a record amount of money. Over and under the median The megadeals such as the Alibaba IPO are rare, though there is an increasing number of startup companies valued one billion U.S. dollars and over. While these raise the median value, the worst IPOs lower it. A successful IPO can lead to huge gains in valuation, the IPOs with the lowest return lose over half the company’s value.

The median valuation of companies in the United States before their IPOs fluctuated greatly between 2000 and 2023. Between 2016 and 2021, the median value of the U.S. companies before their IPO increased dramatically, peaking at *** million U.S. dollars before falling to *** million U.S. dollars in 2023.

The latest closing stock price for Microsoft as of June 18, 2025 is 480.24. An investor who bought $1,000 worth of Microsoft stock at the IPO in 1986 would have $8,056,718 today, roughly 8,057 times their original investment - a 25.94% compound annual growth rate over 39 years. The all-time high Microsoft stock closing price was 480.24 on June 18, 2025. The Microsoft 52-week high stock price is 481.00, which is 0.2% above the current share price. The Microsoft 52-week low stock price is 344.79, which is 28.2% below the current share price. The average Microsoft stock price for the last 52 weeks is 422.77. For more information on how our historical price data is adjusted see the Stock Price Adjustment Guide.

The latest closing stock price for Alphabet as of June 18, 2025 is 173.86. An investor who bought $1,000 worth of Alphabet stock at the IPO in 2004 would have $68,661 today, roughly 69 times their original investment - a 22.39% compound annual growth rate over 21 years. The all-time high Alphabet stock closing price was 205.89 on February 04, 2025. The Alphabet 52-week high stock price is 207.05, which is 19.1% above the current share price. The Alphabet 52-week low stock price is 140.53, which is 19.2% below the current share price. The average Alphabet stock price for the last 52 weeks is 172.15. For more information on how our historical price data is adjusted see the Stock Price Adjustment Guide.

Not all IPOs result in long-term gains for the respective company; however, the average year-end gains for all companies that went public in the United States have been mostly positive each year over the past decade. In 2023, however, the average returns amounted to a negative 56 percent in the first year after their IPO.

The latest closing stock price for IPower as of June 25, 2025 is 0.63. An investor who bought $1,000 worth of IPower stock at the IPO in 2021 would have $-890 today, roughly -1 times their original investment - a -42.46% compound annual growth rate over 4 years. The all-time high IPower stock closing price was 8.35 on June 08, 2021. The IPower 52-week high stock price is 2.36, which is 274.6% above the current share price. The IPower 52-week low stock price is 0.41, which is 34.9% below the current share price. The average IPower stock price for the last 52 weeks is 1.01. For more information on how our historical price data is adjusted see the Stock Price Adjustment Guide.

The latest closing stock price for Porch as of July 03, 2025 is 12.28. An investor who bought $1,000 worth of Porch stock at the IPO in 2020 would have $240 today, roughly 0 times their original investment - a 4.40% compound annual growth rate over 5 years. The all-time high Porch stock closing price was 25.66 on November 16, 2021. The Porch 52-week high stock price is 12.83, which is 4.5% above the current share price. The Porch 52-week low stock price is 1.05, which is 91.4% below the current share price. The average Porch stock price for the last 52 weeks is 4.80. For more information on how our historical price data is adjusted see the Stock Price Adjustment Guide.

2021 was quite a year for initial public offers (IPOs) in the United States, which was largely influenced by the significant rise in the number of special purpose acquisition companies (SPACs) who went public. In 2021, there were ***** initial public offerings (IPOs) in the United States. In 2022 and 2023, however, the number of IPOs dropped to *** and *** respectively. 2024 saw a rise in the number of IPOs, reaching *** by the end of the year. What does it mean to go public? The management of a private company has a lot of control over its operation, but raising funds from investors is more difficult. To access funds from regular investors, that is the general public, firms go public by offering stock shares at a certain price. As a result, these firms often have more capital to work with. An IPO can, and often does, raise ******** of dollars for a firm. However, publicly traded companies also face increased regulation and disclosure requirements. Staying private Some firms delay going public for a longer time, in spite of their increasing value. If their valuation goes above *********** U.S. dollars, these firms are called unicorns, and the highest valued unicorns are mostly based in the U.S. and China. Some firms, such as SpaceX, are still heavily investing in research and development projects, which shareholders often dislike due to low short-run dividends. At the moment, most unicorns are found in the technology sector, which is also the leading sector for IPOs in the United States. This indicates that investors consider this to be the industry most likely to see growth, and thus most worth investing in when companies go public.

The share of initial public offerings (IPOs) in the United States closing above IPO price on the first day of trading fluctuated somewhat between 2008 and 2021. In 2021, one third of IPOs in the U.S. fell on day one of trading. The remaining **** percent of IPOs closed above IPO price on debut. Based on the information regarding this time period, an average of around **** percent of IPOs fell on the first day of trading in the United States between 2008 and 2021.

The latest closing stock price for ON24 as of June 18, 2025 is 5.37. An investor who bought $1,000 worth of ON24 stock at the IPO in 2021 would have $-912 today, roughly -1 times their original investment - a -45.56% compound annual growth rate over 4 years. The all-time high ON24 stock closing price was 64.30 on February 09, 2021. The ON24 52-week high stock price is 7.04, which is 31.1% above the current share price. The ON24 52-week low stock price is 4.35, which is 19% below the current share price. The average ON24 stock price for the last 52 weeks is 6.00. For more information on how our historical price data is adjusted see the Stock Price Adjustment Guide.

In 2024, the total value of traditional IPOs in the United States increased slightly but remained one of the lowest figures since 2000, amounting to **** billion U.S. dollars. The gross proceeds for 2022, on the other hand, amounted to *** billion U.S. dollars, the lowest figure ever recorded during this period. However, SPAC IPOs proceeds amounted to *** billion U.S. dollars in 2024.

The latest closing stock price for AT&T as of June 17, 2025 is 27.66. An investor who bought $1,000 worth of AT&T stock at the IPO in 1983 would have $113,915 today, roughly 114 times their original investment - a 11.96% compound annual growth rate over 42 years. The all-time high AT&T stock closing price was 28.42 on June 10, 2025. The AT&T 52-week high stock price is 29.03, which is 5% above the current share price. The AT&T 52-week low stock price is 17.90, which is 35.3% below the current share price. The average AT&T stock price for the last 52 weeks is 23.44. For more information on how our historical price data is adjusted see the Stock Price Adjustment Guide.

The latest closing stock price for Exxon as of June 27, 2025 is 109.38. An investor who bought $1,000 worth of Exxon stock at the IPO in 1984 would have $41,833 today, roughly 42 times their original investment - a 9.60% compound annual growth rate over 41 years. The all-time high Exxon stock closing price was 122.12 on October 07, 2024. The Exxon 52-week high stock price is 126.34, which is 15.5% above the current share price. The Exxon 52-week low stock price is 97.80, which is 10.6% below the current share price. The average Exxon stock price for the last 52 weeks is 112.58. For more information on how our historical price data is adjusted see the Stock Price Adjustment Guide.

Between 2011 and 2019, the value of initial public offerings (IPOs) on the New York Stock Exchange fluctuated. After 2019, IPO deals value increased considerably. In 2020, the size of IPO deals increased threefold compared to the previous year. In 2021, IPOs deals on the NYSE reached a total value of 109.2 billion U.S. dollars.

The latest closing stock price for Bank Of America as of May 27, 2025 is 44.22. An investor who bought $1,000 worth of Bank Of America stock at the IPO in 1984 would have $30,631 today, roughly 31 times their original investment - a 8.79% compound annual growth rate over 41 years. The all-time high Bank Of America stock closing price was 47.44 on February 06, 2025. The Bank Of America 52-week high stock price is 48.08, which is 8.7% above the current share price. The Bank Of America 52-week low stock price is 33.06, which is 25.2% below the current share price. The average Bank Of America stock price for the last 52 weeks is 42.15. For more information on how our historical price data is adjusted see the Stock Price Adjustment Guide.

The price of Meta (former Facebook) shares traded on the Nasdaq stock exchange fluctuated significantly but increased overall during the period from May 2012 to January 2025. After peaking at ****** U.S. dollars per share in August 2021, the price of Meta shares started to fluctuate and exceeded its previous peak in 2025. The share price stood at ****** U.S. dollars as of the end of January 2025. Substantial fluctuations in the last few years Meta's stock prices have fluctuated particularly after the rebranding announcement in late 2021. Following the announcement and through 2022, Meta's revenue remained rather stagnant, and its net income decreased considerably. Moreover, the tech giant announced one of the industry's largest layoffs in late 2022. As a result, the share price hit a low of ***** U.S. dollars in October 2022, the lowest value observed since 2016. However, Meta's share price has been steadily recovering since then. Shift in strategy for the world’s first social network Meta has shifted its focus to the metaverse, virtual reality (VR), and augmented reality (AR), with the rebranding in late 2021. As a result, Reality Labs was established as a dedicated business and research unit to focus on developing metaverse and AR/VR technologies. However, as of early 2023, Meta still relies mainly on advertising and its Family of Apps to generate most of its revenue, despite having made significant investments in virtual reality. Reality Labs generated *** billion U.S. dollars in revenue in 2024 and has been consistently incurring operating losses since 2019.

At nearly ** billion U.S. dollars, the 2014 initial public offering (IPO) of Alibaba Group Holding Limited remains the largest IPO in the United States ever. Trailing by almost **** billion U.S. dollars, Visa takes second place, followed by ENEL SpA, an energy company based in Italy. What is an IPO? An IPO is when a private company offers shares to the public for the first time through a stock exchange. Companies do this to raise money, as seen with Alibaba. However, public companies are subject to more scrutiny, such as publishing quarterly reports for investors. Also, not all IPOs are profitable. A bad IPO can result in significant losses. Companies that could go public Unicorns are private companies valued over a billion U.S. dollars. Any of these could go public, raising significant funds. However, most IPOs are valued in the ********, not ********. The median deal size of these offerings in the United States tends to be a little more than *** million U.S. dollars. Investors keep a watch for the next IPO, since a strong offering means high returns for those who buy the stock early.

The latest closing stock price for OneMedNet as of June 23, 2025 is 0.34. An investor who bought $1,000 worth of OneMedNet stock at the IPO in 2021 would have $-966 today, roughly -1 times their original investment - a -56.95% compound annual growth rate over 4 years. The all-time high OneMedNet stock closing price was 11.47 on October 09, 2023. The OneMedNet 52-week high stock price is 1.60, which is 370.6% above the current share price. The OneMedNet 52-week low stock price is 0.30, which is 11.8% below the current share price. The average OneMedNet stock price for the last 52 weeks is 0.82. For more information on how our historical price data is adjusted see the Stock Price Adjustment Guide.

This statistic shows the stock price development of selected companies in the pharmaceuticals industry from January 2, 2020 to February 5, 2025. After developing and distributing effective vaccines against COVID-19, the stock values of BioNTech and Moderna increased substantially during this period. *******'s stock value increased by close to ***** percent between January 2020 and October 2021. Similarly, ******** saw its highest valuation in August 2021. In comparison, the stock prices of ****** and ***** remained rather stable throughout the period considered.