Over the past 160 years, life expectancy (from birth) in the United States has risen from 39.4 years in 1860, to 78.9 years in 2020. One of the major reasons for the overall increase of life expectancy in the last two centuries is the fact that the infant and child mortality rates have decreased by so much during this time. Medical advancements, fewer wars and improved living standards also mean that people are living longer than they did in previous centuries.

Despite this overall increase, the life expectancy dropped three times since 1860; from 1865 to 1870 during the American Civil War, from 1915 to 1920 during the First World War and following Spanish Flu epidemic, and it has dropped again between 2015 and now. The reason for the most recent drop in life expectancy is not a result of any specific event, but has been attributed to negative societal trends, such as unbalanced diets and sedentary lifestyles, high medical costs, and increasing rates of suicide and drug use.

Life expectancy in Germany was below 39 in the year 1875, and over the course of the next 145 years, it is expected to have increased to above 81 years in the year 2020. Although life expectancy has generally increased throughout Germany's history, there were several times where the rate deviated from its previous trajectory. The most notable changes were because of the First and Second World Wars, in the first half of the twentieth century.

This table contains age-specific fertility rates (number of children per woman) by ranking number from the mother and the birth generation of the woman. The figures relate to the population of the Netherlands. Data available: 1935-2020 Status of the figures: The figures in this table for birth generations 1935-1961 are based entirely on observations. The birth generations from 1962 onwards are based on observations and forecast figures. Changes as of December 13, 2012. In this new table, the previous forecast has been adjusted based on the most recent insights, the forecast period now runs from 2012 to 2060. Changes as of December 16, 2014. Discontinued. When will new numbers come out? In December 2014, the new forecast figures will be published in a new table.