The number of hospital beds in the United Kingdom has undergone a decline since the year 2000. Whereas in 2000, there were around 240 thousand beds in the UK, by 2020 this figure was approximately 163 thousand. This means over this period there were over 80 thousand fewer hospital beds in the UK. However in the recent years since 2020, the number of hospital beds have been increasing, the first time in the recorded time period.

Fewer beds but admissions are still high

There were almost 16.4 million admissions to hospital between April 2022 to March 2023 in England. The number of admissions has recovered somewhat since the drop in year 2020/21. The busiest hospital trust in England by admissions in the year 2022/23 was the University Hospitals Birmingham Foundation Trust with over 333 thousand admissions. The average length of stay in hospitals in the UK in 2021 for acute care was seven days.

Accident and Emergency

In the first quarter of 2023/24, A&E in England received around 6.5 million attendees. The number of attendances has been creeping upwards since 2012. Around 2.4 percent of people attending A&E in the last year were diagnosed with an upper respiratory condition, followed by 1.8 percent with a lower respiratory tract infection.

In the period from 2010 to 2022, the average length of hospital stay for acute care in the United Kingdom (UK) has not changed significantly. In 2010, the average length of stay in hospital was 6.1 days, by 2022 it was 7.7 days after remaining at six days in intervening years. High amount of admissions to hospital There were almost 1.4 million admissions to hospital between January and March 2018 in England. This quarterly figure of admissions has remained fairly consistent since 2014. The busiest hospital trust in England by admissions in the year 2017/18 was the Manchester University Hospitals Foundation Trust with almost 305 thousand admissions. Situation in Accident and Emergency In the third quarter of 2017/18, A&E in England received over six million attendees. The number of attendances has been creeping upwards since 2012. 6.7 percent of people attending A&E in the last year were diagnosed with a dislocation, fracture, joint injury or amputation, followed by 6.2 percent with a respiratory condition.

In 2022, there were an estimated 2,001 hospitals in the United Kingdom. The number of hospitals in the UK had been declining prior to 2015, standing at 1,568 in 2014, before slightly rising again in the subsequent years.

Healthcare indicators

Expenditure on health in the UK amounted to 11.3 percent of the GDP in 2022. This proportion has been increasing since 2000, with 2020 and 201 being outliers. The pressure on general practices has been increasing in the UK in the last ten years. In 2016, there were 7.8 thousand patients to each GP practice on average in the NHS England. By 2023 it came to ten thousand patients to a practice.

Opinion of healthcare in the country

The quality of British healthcare is still generally regarded as good by the majority. In a survey of nine European countries, 58 percent of British respondents rated the quality of their accessible healthcare as good, while only 14 percent regarded it as poor. This was the fifth place among countries surveyed, down from its top spot in 2018, when 73 percent of the public gave good rating. Similarly, 58 percent of Brits surveyed trusted the treatment offered, compared to only 18 percent who did not.

This publication of the SHMI relates to discharges in the reporting period November 2023 - October 2024. The SHMI is the ratio between the actual number of patients who die following hospitalisation at the trust and the number that would be expected to die on the basis of average England figures, given the characteristics of the patients treated there. The SHMI covers patients admitted to hospitals in England who died either while in hospital or within 30 days of being discharged. To help users of the data understand the SHMI, trusts have been categorised into bandings indicating whether a trust's SHMI is 'higher than expected', 'as expected' or 'lower than expected'. For any given number of expected deaths, a range of observed deaths is considered to be 'as expected'. If the observed number of deaths falls outside of this range, the trust in question is considered to have a higher or lower SHMI than expected. The expected number of deaths is a statistical construct and is not a count of patients. The difference between the number of observed deaths and the number of expected deaths cannot be interpreted as the number of avoidable deaths or excess deaths for the trust. The SHMI is not a measure of quality of care. A higher than expected number of deaths should not immediately be interpreted as indicating poor performance and instead should be viewed as a 'smoke alarm' which requires further investigation. Similarly, an 'as expected' or 'lower than expected' SHMI should not immediately be interpreted as indicating satisfactory or good performance. Trusts may be located at multiple sites and may be responsible for 1 or more hospitals. A breakdown of the data by site of treatment is also provided, as well as a breakdown of the data by diagnosis group. Further background information and supporting documents, including information on how to interpret the SHMI, are available on the SHMI homepage (see Related Links).

This report shows monthly numbers of NHS Hospital and Community Health Services (HCHS) staff working in NHS Trusts and CCGs in England (excluding primary care staff). Data are available as headcount and full-time equivalents and for all months from 30 September 2009 onwards. These data are an accurate summary of the validated data extracted from the NHS HR and Payroll system. Additional statistics on staff in NHS Trusts and CCGs and information for NHS Support Organisations and Central Bodies are published each: September (showing June statistics) December/January (showing September statistics) March (showing December statistics) June (showing March statistics) Quarterly NHS Staff Earnings and monthly NHS Staff Sickness Absence reports and data relating to the General Practice workforce and the Independent Healthcare Provider workforce are also available via the Related Links below. We welcome feedback on the methodology and tables within this publication. Please email us with your comments and suggestions, clearly stating Monthly HCHS Workforce as the subject heading, via enquiries@nhsdigital.nhs.uk or 0300 303 5678.

This is a publication on maternity activity in English NHS hospitals. This report examines data relating to delivery and birth episodes in 2021-22, and the booking appointments for these deliveries. This annual publication covers the financial year ending March 2022. Data is included from both the Hospital Episodes Statistics (HES) data warehouse and the Maternity Services Data Set (MSDS). HES contains records of all admissions, appointments and attendances for patients admitted to NHS hospitals in England. The HES data used in this publication are called 'delivery episodes'. The MSDS collects records of each stage of the maternity service care pathway in NHS-funded maternity services, and includes information not recorded in HES. The MSDS is a maturing, national-level dataset. In April 2019 the MSDS transitioned to a new version of the dataset. This version, MSDS v2.0, is an update that introduced a new structure and content - including clinical terminology, in order to meet current clinical practice and incorporate new requirements. It is designed to meet requirements that resulted from the National Maternity Review, which led to the publication of the Better Births report in February 2016. This is the third publication of data from MSDS v2.0 and data from 2019-20 onwards is not directly comparable to data from previous years. This publication shows the number of HES delivery episodes during the period, with a number of breakdowns including by method of onset of labour, delivery method and place of delivery. It also shows the number of MSDS deliveries recorded during the period, with breakdowns including the baby's first feed type, birthweight, place of birth, and breastfeeding activity; and the mothers' ethnicity and age at booking. There is also data available in a separate file on breastfeeding at 6 to 8 weeks. The count of Total Babies includes both live and still births, and previous changes to how Total Babies and Total Deliveries were calculated means that comparisons between 2019-20 MSDS data and later years should be made with care. The MethodfDelivery measure counting babies has been replaced by the DeliveryMethodBabyGroup measure which counts deliveries, and the smoking at booking and folic acid status measures have been renamed - these changes have been made to better align this annual publication with the Maternity Services Monthly Statistics publication. Information on how all measures are constructed can be found in the HES Metadata and MSDS Metadata files provided below. In this publication we have also included an interactive Power BI dashboard to enable users to explore key NHS Maternity Statistics measures. The purpose of this publication is to inform and support strategic and policy-led processes for the benefit of patient care. This report will also be of interest to researchers, journalists and members of the public interested in NHS hospital activity in England. Any feedback on this publication or dashboard can be provided to enquiries@nhsdigital.nhs.uk, under the subject “NHS Maternity Statistics”.

Background The Society for Acute Medicine (SAM) Benchmark Audit (SAMBA) is a national benchmark audit of acute medical care. The aim of SAMBA19 is to describe the severity of illness of acute medical patients presenting to Acute Medicine within UK hospitals, speed of assessment, pathway and progress seven days after admission and to provide a comparison for each participating unit with the national average (or ‘benchmark’). On average >150 hospitals take part in this audit per year. SAMBA19 summer audit measured adherence to some of the standards for acute medical care. Acute Medical Units work 24-hours per day and 365 days a year. They are the single largest point of entry for acute hospital admissions and most patients are at their sickest within the first 24-hours of admission. This dataset includes • Total number of patients assessed by acute medicine across ED, AMU and Ambulatory Care. • Medical and nursing levels • Severity of illness • Timeliness in processes of care • Clinical outcomes 7 days after admission PIONEER geography The West Midlands (WM) has a population of 5.9million & includes a diverse ethnic, socio-economic mix. There is a higher than average % of minority ethnic groups. WM has a large number of elderly residents but is the youngest population in the UK. There are particularly high rates of physical inactivity, obesity, smoking & diabetes. WM has a high prevalence of COPD, reflecting the high rates of smoking and industrial exposure. Each day >100,000 people are treated in hospital, see their GP or are cared for by the NHS. This is the SAMBA dataset from 4 NHS hospitals. EHR University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust (UHB) is one of the largest NHS Trusts in England, providing direct acute services & specialist care across four hospital sites, with 2.2 million patient episodes per year, 2750 beds & 100 ITU beds. UHB runs a fully electronic healthcare record (EHR) (PICS; Birmingham Systems), a shared primary & secondary care record (Your Care Connected) & a patient portal “My Health”. Scope: These data come from Queen Elizabeth Hospitals Birmingham, Good Hope Hospital, Solihull Hospital and Heartlands Hospital. All admissions in a pre-defined 24-hour period, the severity of illness, patient demographics, co-morbidity, acuity scores, serial, structured data pertaining to care process (timings, staff grades, specialty review, wards) all prescribed & administered treatments (fluids, antibiotics, inotropes, vasopressors, organ support), all outcomes.
Available supplementary data: More extensive data including granular serial physiology, bloods, conditions, interventions, treatments. Ambulance, 111, 999 data, synthetic data. Available supplementary support: Analytics, Model build, validation & refinement; A.I.; Data partner support for ETL (extract, transform & load) process, Clinical expertise, Patient & end-user access, Purchaser access, Regulatory requirements, Data-driven trials, “fast screen” services

Forecast: Hospital Average Length of Stay for Gonarthrosis Cases in the UK 2024 - 2028 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

Forecast: Hospital Average Length of Stay for Anaemias Cases in the UK 2023 - 2027 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

This indicator presents the median length of stay following an emergency admission to hospital, split by day of admission. The number of spells with a length of stay of 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 or more days is also provided for contextual information. No case-mix adjustments have been applied to the indicator. From April 2020, the Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC) is no longer commissioning NHS Digital to produce these indicators. Therefore, no further publications in this series are planned. Notes: 1. There is a shortfall in the number of records in the reporting period for the following trusts: Cambridgeshire Community Services NHS Trust (RYV), Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust (trust code RV3), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust (trust code RP4), Lancashire and South Cumbria NHS Foundation Trust (trust code RW5), Lincolnshire Partnership NHS Foundation Trust (trust code RP7), Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust (trust code RHA), Tameside and Glossop Integrated Care NHS Foundation Trust (trust code RMP) and University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (trust code RRV). Results for these trusts are based on incomplete data and should therefore be interpreted with caution. 2. The following mergers took place on 1st October 2019: Cumbria Partnership NHS Foundation Trust (trust code RNN) merged with North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust (trust code RNL). The new trust is called North Cumbria Integrated Care NHS Foundation Trust (trust code RNN). Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (trust code REM) merged with Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust (trust code RQ6). The new trust is called Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (trust code REM). 2Gether NHS Foundation Trust (trust code RTQ) merged with Gloucestershire Care Services NHS Trust (trust code RJ1). The new trust is called Gloucestershire Health and Care NHS Foundation Trust (trust code RTQ). Results are presented to reflect the updated organisational structure from this publication onwards. 3. Length of stay is a whole number which is calculated as the difference between the admission and discharge dates for the provider spell. HES data does not contain any information on the time of admission or discharge. The median represents the middle value when all values for length of stay are placed in ascending order. If there are an even number of values then there is no single middle value and the median is then calculated as the arithmetic mean of the two middle values. 4. Further information on data quality can be found in the Seven-day Services background quality report, which can be downloaded from the ‘Resources’ section of the publication page. Further guidance on the interpretation of the indicators is also available to download from that page. 5. This tool is in Microsoft PowerBI which does not fully support all accessibility needs. If you need further assistance, please contact us for help.

This data originates from the Public Health Outcomes tool currently presents data for available indicators for upper tier local authority levels, collated by Public Health England (PHE).

The data currently published here are the baselines for the Public Health Outcomes Framework, together with more recent data where these are available. The baseline period is 2010 or equivalent, unless these data are unavailable or not deemed to be of sufficient quality. The first data were published in this tool as an official statistics release in November 2012. Future official statistics updates will be published as part of a quarterly update cycle in August, November, February and May.

The definition, rationale, source information, and methodology for each indicator can be found within the spreadsheet.

Data included in the spreadsheet:

0.1i - Healthy life expectancy at birth
0.1ii - Life Expectancy at birth
0.1ii - Life Expectancy at 65
0.2i - Slope index of inequality in life expectancy at birth based on national deprivation deciles within England
0.2ii - Number of upper tier local authorities for which the local slope index of inequality in life expectancy (as defined in 0.2iii) has decreased
0.2iii - Slope index of inequality in life expectancy at birth within English local authorities, based on local deprivation deciles within each area
0.2iv - Gap in life expectancy at birth between each local authority and England as a whole
0.2v - Slope index of inequality in healthy life expectancy at birth based on national deprivation deciles within England
1.01i - Children in poverty (all dependent children under 20)
1.01ii - Children in poverty (under 16s)
1.02i - School Readiness: The percentage of children achieving a good level of development at the end of reception
1.02i - School Readiness: The percentage of children with free school meal status achieving a good level of development at the end of reception
1.02ii - School Readiness: The percentage of Year 1 pupils achieving the expected level in the phonics screening check
1.02ii - School Readiness: The percentage of Year 1 pupils with free school meal status achieving the expected level in the phonics screening check
1.03 - Pupil absence
1.04 - First time entrants to the youth justice system
1.05 - 16-18 year olds not in education employment or training
1.06i - Adults with a learning disability who live in stable and appropriate accommodation
1.06ii - % of adults in contact with secondary mental health services who live in stable and appropriate accommodation
1.07 - People in prison who have a mental illness or a significant mental illness
1.08i - Gap in the employment rate between those with a long-term health condition and the overall employment rate
1.08ii - Gap in the employment rate between those with a learning disability and the overall employment rate
1.08iii - Gap in the employment rate for those in contact with secondary mental health services and the overall employment rate
1.09i - Sickness absence - The percentage of employees who had at least one day off in the previous week
1.09ii - Sickness absence - The percent of working days lost due to sickness absence
1.10 - Killed and seriously injured (KSI) casualties on England's roads
1.11 - Domestic Abuse
1.12i - Violent crime (including sexual violence) - hospital admissions for violence
1.12ii - Violent crime (including sexual violence) - violence offences per 1,000 population
1.12iii- Violent crime (including sexual violence) - Rate of sexual offences per 1,000 population
1.13i - Re-offending levels - percentage of offenders who re-offend
1.13ii - Re-offending levels - average number of re-offences per offender
1.14i - The rate of complaints about noise
1.14ii - The percentage of the population exposed to road, rail and air transport noise of 65dB(A) or more, during the daytime
1.14iii - The percentage of the population exposed to road, rail and air transport noise of 55 dB(A) or more during the night-time
1.15i - Statutory homelessness - homelessness acceptances
1.15ii - Statutory homelessness - households in temporary accommodation
1.16 - Utilisation of outdoor space for exercise/health reasons
1.17 - Fuel Poverty
1.18i - Social Isolation: % of adult social care users who have as much social contact as they would like
1.18ii - Social Isolation: % of adult carers who have as much social contact as they would like
1.19i - Older people's perception of community safety - safe in local area during the day
1.19ii - Older people's perception of community safety - safe in local area after dark
1.19iii - Older people's perception of community safety - safe in own home at night
2.01 - Low birth weight of term babies
2.02i - Breastfeeding - Breastfeeding initiation
2.02ii - Breastfeeding - Breastfeeding prevalence at 6-8 weeks after birth
2.03 - Smoking status at time of delivery
2.04 - Under 18 conceptions
2.04 - Under 18 conceptions: conceptions in those aged under 16
2.06i - Excess weight in 4-5 and 10-11 year olds - 4-5 year olds
2.06ii - Excess weight in 4-5 and 10-11 year olds - 10-11 year olds
2.07i - Hospital admissions caused by unintentional and deliberate injuries in children (aged 0-14 years)
2.07i - Hospital admissions caused by unintentional and deliberate injuries in children (aged 0-4 years)
2.07ii - Hospital admissions caused by unintentional and deliberate injuries in young people (aged 15-24)
2.08 - Emotional well-being of looked after children
2.12 - Excess Weight in Adults
2.13i - Percentage of physically active and inactive adults - active adults
2.13ii - Percentage of active and inactive adults - inactive adults
2.14 - Smoking Prevalence
2.14 - Smoking prevalence - routine & manual
2.15i - Successful completion of drug treatment - opiate users
2.15ii - Successful completion of drug treatment - non-opiate users
2.17 - Recorded diabetes
2.18 - Alcohol related admissions to hospital
2.19 - Cancer diagnosed at early stage (Experimental Statistics)
2.20i - Cancer screening coverage - breast cancer
2.20ii - Cancer screening coverage - cervical cancer
2.21vii - Access to non-cancer screening programmes - diabetic retinopathy
2.22iii - Cumulative % of the eligible population aged 40-74 offered an NHS Health Check
2.22iv - Cumulative % of the eligible population aged 40-74 offered an NHS Health Check who received an NHS Health Check
2.22v - Cumulative % of the eligible population aged 40-74 who received an NHS Health check
2.23i - Self-reported well-being - people with a low satisfaction score
2.23ii - Self-reported well-being - people with a low worthwhile score
2.23iii - Self-reported well-being - people with a low happiness score
2.23iv - Self-reported well-being - people with a high anxiety score
2.24i - Injuries due to falls in people aged 65 and over (Persons)
2.24i - Injuries due to falls in people aged 65 and over (males/females)
2.24ii - Injuries due to falls in people aged 65 and over - aged 65-79
2.24iii - Injuries due to falls in people aged 65 and over - aged 80+
3.01 - Fraction of mortality attributable to particulate air pollution
3.02i - Chlamydia screening detection rate (15-24 year olds) - Old NCSP data
3.02ii - Chlamydia screening detection rate (15-24 year olds) - CTAD
3.03i - Population vaccination coverage - Hepatitis B (1 year old)
3.03i - Population vaccination coverage - Hepatitis B (2 years old)
3.03iii - Population vaccination coverage - Dtap / IPV / Hib (1 year old)
3.03iii - Population vaccination coverage - Dtap / IPV / Hib (2 years old)
3.03iv - Population vaccination coverage - MenC
3.03v - Population vaccination coverage - PCV
3.03vi - Population vaccination coverage - Hib / MenC booster (2 years old)
3.03vi - Population vaccination coverage - Hib / Men C booster (5 years)
3.03vii - Population vaccination coverage - PCV booster
3.03viii - Population vaccination coverage - MMR for one dose (2 years old)
3.03ix - Population vaccination coverage - MMR for one dose (5 years old)
3.03x - Population vaccination coverage - MMR for two doses (5 years old)
3.03xii - Population vaccination coverage - HPV
3.03xiii - Population vaccination coverage - PPV
3.03xiv - Population vaccination coverage - Flu (aged 65+)
3.03xv - Population vaccination coverage - Flu (at risk individuals)
3.04 - People presenting with HIV at a late stage of infection
3.05i - Treatment completion for TB
3.05ii - Incidence of TB
3.06 - NHS organisations with a board approved sustainable development management plan
4.01 - Infant mortality
4.02 - Tooth decay in children aged 5
4.03 - Mortality rate from causes considered preventable
4.04i - Under 75 mortality rate from all cardiovascular diseases
4.04ii - Under 75 mortality rate from cardiovascular diseases considered preventable
4.05i - Under 75 mortality rate from cancer
4.05ii - Under 75 mortality rate from cancer considered preventable
4.06i - Under 75 mortality rate from liver disease
4.06ii - Under 75 mortality rate from liver disease considered preventable
4.07i - Under 75 mortality rate from respiratory disease
4.07ii - Under 75 mortality rate from respiratory disease considered preventable
4.08 - Mortality from communicable diseases
4.09 - Excess under 75 mortality rate in adults with serious mental illness
4.10 - Suicide rate
4.11 - Emergency readmissions within 30 days of discharge from hospital
4.12i - Preventable sight loss - age related macular degeneration (AMD)
4.12ii - Preventable sight loss - glaucoma
4.12iii - Preventable sight loss - diabetic eye disease
4.12iv - Preventable sight loss - sight loss certifications
4.14i - Hip fractures in

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Parameter variables and values for the compartmental model.

The SHMI is the ratio between the actual number of patients who die following hospitalisation at the trust and the number that would be expected to die on the basis of average England figures, given the characteristics of the patients treated there. It includes deaths which occurred in hospital and deaths which occurred outside of hospital within 30 days (inclusive) of discharge. The SHMI gives an indication for each non-specialist acute NHS trust in England whether the observed number of deaths within 30 days of discharge from hospital was 'higher than expected' (SHMI banding=1), 'as expected' (SHMI banding=2) or 'lower than expected' (SHMI banding=3) when compared to the national baseline. Trusts may be located at multiple sites and may be responsible for 1 or more hospitals. A breakdown of the data by site of treatment is also provided. The SHMI is composed of 144 different diagnosis groups and these are aggregated to calculate the overall SHMI value for each trust. The number of finished provider spells, observed deaths and expected deaths at diagnosis group level for each trust is available in the SHMI diagnosis group breakdown files. For a subset of diagnosis groups, an indication of whether the observed number of deaths within 30 days of discharge from hospital was 'higher than expected', 'as expected' or 'lower than expected' when compared to the national baseline is also provided. Details of the 144 diagnosis groups can be found in Appendix A of the SHMI specification. Notes: 1. For discharges in the reporting period April 2024 - May 2024, most of the records for Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (trust code RBL) have been submitted without an NHS number. This will have affected the linkage of the HES data to the ONS death registrations data and may have resulted in a smaller number of deaths occurring outside hospital within 30 days of discharge being identified for this trust than would have otherwise been the case. The results for this trust should therefore be interpreted with caution. 2. Northern Lincolnshire and Goole NHS Foundation Trust (trust code RJL) has a high percentage of records with no NHS Number. This is resulting in around 40% of their spells not having a value for Age or Deprivation rank. As Age is a component of the statistical models used to calculate the SHMI, values for this trust should therefore be interpreted with caution. 3. There is a shortfall in the number of records for North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust (trust code RAP), Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust (trust code RTF), The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust (trust code RFR), and The Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust (trust code RXW). Values for these trusts are based on incomplete data and should therefore be interpreted with caution. 4. There is a high percentage of records with missing data for the Sex field for Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust (trust code RJ1) and University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust (trust code R0D). Values for these trusts should therefore be interpreted with caution. 5. There is a high percentage of invalid diagnosis codes for Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (trust code RAE), Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (trust code RFS), East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust (trust code RXR), Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust (trust code RCD), Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust (trust code RHU), University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust (trust code RJE), and University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust (trust code RK9). Values for these trusts should therefore be interpreted with caution. 6. A number of trusts are now submitting Same Day Emergency Care (SDEC) data to the Emergency Care Data Set (ECDS) rather than the Admitted Patient Care (APC) dataset. The SHMI is calculated using APC data. Removal of SDEC activity from the APC data may impact a trust’s SHMI value and may increase it. More information about this is available in the Background Quality Report. 7. Further information on data quality can be found in the SHMI background quality report, which can be downloaded from the 'Resources' section of this page.

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Forecast: Hospital Average Length of Stay for Factors Influencing Health Status and Contact with Health Services in the UK 2024 - 2028 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

London was the city in the United Kingdom with the highest costs for constructing a general hospital in 2024. Meanwhile, among cities included in this selection, Leeds was the cheapest one to build that kind of structure. The expenses of such a construction in London were over 500 British pounds higher than in Glasgow. The capital of the UK is the most expensive area for public building construction. Hospital bed numbers still in decline The number of hospital beds in the UK has been declining since 2000. Between 2000 and 2020, figures decreased from 240,144 to 162,723 number of beds. The reduction in hospital beds is, among other reasons, attributed to technical improvements in surgery rooms, patients with mental health problems being treated in different settings, and most importantly, cuts to NHS funding. However, the number of beds increased slightly again in 2021 and 2022. Increased healthcare spend Despite past funding cuts and declining availability of hospital beds, healthcare spending has significantly increased in the past twenty years. In 2022, expenditure reached a peak of nearly 282 billion British pounds, whereas in 2000, this figure amounted to 79 billion British pounds. The value of healthcare expenditure as a share of GDP also increased significantly in the past years.