In 1900, the total fertility rate of Peru was approximately 6.8 children per woman, meaning that women born in Peru at this time could expect to have just under seven children on average over the course of their reproductive years. Fertility gradually declined in Peru throughout the early 20th century, as modernization and declines in child mortality would continue in the country. However, Peru's fertility rate then gradually increased from the 1930s until the 1960s, due to a thriving economy and a series of populist policies implemented in this period, along with the global baby boom that followed the Second World War.

From the 1960s onwards, this trend would see a rapid reversal, as increased access to contraception, combined with an increasingly modernizing and urbanizing society, would lead to a sharp decline in fertility in the country. As a result, fertility would halve in just the last quarter of the 20th century alone, falling from six children per woman in 1975 to just three by 2000. This decline has continued steadily in recent decades, as Peru continues to undergo demographic shifts; as a result, the average woman born in Peru in 2020 can expect to have approximately 2.3 children over the course of her reproductive years, which is slightly above replacement level.

Peru PE: Fertility Rate: Total: Births per Woman data was reported at 2.400 Ratio in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2.429 Ratio for 2015. Peru PE: Fertility Rate: Total: Births per Woman data is updated yearly, averaging 4.037 Ratio from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2016, with 57 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6.971 Ratio in 1960 and a record low of 2.400 Ratio in 2016. Peru PE: Fertility Rate: Total: Births per Woman data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Peru – Table PE.World Bank.WDI: Health Statistics. Total fertility rate represents the number of children that would be born to a woman if she were to live to the end of her childbearing years and bear children in accordance with age-specific fertility rates of the specified year.; ; (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects: 2017 Revision. (2) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (3) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (4) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Reprot (various years), (5) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database, and (6) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme.; Weighted average; Relevance to gender indicator: it can indicate the status of women within households and a woman’s decision about the number and spacing of children.

In 2023, the total fertility rate in children per woman in Peru amounted to 1.98. Between 1960 and 2023, the figure dropped by 4.96, though the decline followed an uneven course rather than a steady trajectory.

Peru: Population ages 0-14, percent of total: The latest value from 2023 is 24.36 percent, a decline from 24.77 percent in 2022. In comparison, the world average is 26.10 percent, based on data from 196 countries. Historically, the average for Peru from 1960 to 2023 is 36.91 percent. The minimum value, 24.36 percent, was reached in 2023 while the maximum of 44.28 percent was recorded in 1963.

Peru: Deaths of children under five years of age per 1000 live births: The latest value from 2022 is 15 deaths per 1000 births, unchanged from 15 deaths per 1000 births in 2021. In comparison, the world average is 25 deaths per 1000 births, based on data from 187 countries. Historically, the average for Peru from 1960 to 2022 is 90 deaths per 1000 births. The minimum value, 15 deaths per 1000 births, was reached in 2021 while the maximum of 229 deaths per 1000 births was recorded in 1960.

Time series data for the statistic Number of under-five deaths, female and country Peru. Indicator Definition:Number of female children dying before reaching age five.The indicator "Number of under-five deaths, female" stands at 3.76 Thousand as of 12/31/2023, the lowest value at least since 12/31/1961, the period currently displayed. Regarding the One-Year-Change of the series, the current value constitutes a decrease of -2.39 percent compared to the value the year prior.The 1 year change in percent is -2.39.The 3 year change in percent is -5.77.The 5 year change in percent is -6.89.The 10 year change in percent is -18.17.The Serie's long term average value is 23.58 Thousand. It's latest available value, on 12/31/2023, is 84.06 percent lower, compared to it's long term average value.The Serie's change in percent from it's minimum value, on 12/31/2023, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2023, is +0.0%.The Serie's change in percent from it's maximum value, on 12/31/1970, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2023, is -92.69%.

In 1870, the average child born in Peru could expect to live to just under the age of 36 years old. This figure would decline slowly throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries, as internal and regional conflicts and economic instability would disrupt and hinder the advancement of Peruvian healthcare. The relatively sharp dip in the late 1910s can be attributed to the 1918 Spanish Flu epidemic. Life expectancy would begin to rise in the 1940s, however, a thriving economy and a series of populist policies implemented in this period would see living standards rise across much of the country.

Life expectancy has continuously grown since the 1940s, although at a slower rate than in the 1940s and 1950s. Healthcare advancements and mass immunization have been the driving forces behind Peru's increased life expectancy, due to the drastic decline in child mortality. This growth has continued into the 21st century, despite political and economic turmoil in recent years, and in 2020, it is estimated that the average person born in Peru will live to just over the age of 76 years.

Peru: Tertiary school enrollment, percent of all eligible children: The latest value from 2017 is 71.25 percent, a decline from 73.33 percent in 2016. In comparison, the world average is 47.11 percent, based on data from 136 countries. Historically, the average for Peru from 1970 to 2017 is 26.33 percent. The minimum value, 9.79 percent, was reached in 1971 while the maximum of 73.33 percent was recorded in 2016.

Peru PE: Adjusted Net Enrollment Rate: Primary: % of Primary School Age Children data was reported at 99.425 % in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 97.890 % for 2015. Peru PE: Adjusted Net Enrollment Rate: Primary: % of Primary School Age Children data is updated yearly, averaging 98.234 % from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2016, with 30 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 99.966 % in 1999 and a record low of 76.477 % in 1970. Peru PE: Adjusted Net Enrollment Rate: Primary: % of Primary School Age Children data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Peru – Table PE.World Bank.WDI: Education Statistics. Adjusted net enrollment is the number of pupils of the school-age group for primary education, enrolled either in primary or secondary education, expressed as a percentage of the total population in that age group.; ; UNESCO Institute for Statistics; Weighted average; Each economy is classified based on the classification of World Bank Group's fiscal year 2018 (July 1, 2017-June 30, 2018).

Peru PE: Diarrhea Treatment: % of Children Under 5 who Received ORS Packet data was reported at 32.000 % in 2015. This records an increase from the previous number of 28.200 % for 2014. Peru PE: Diarrhea Treatment: % of Children Under 5 who Received ORS Packet data is updated yearly, averaging 28.200 % from Dec 1986 (Median) to 2015, with 15 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 32.200 % in 2010 and a record low of 6.000 % in 1986. Peru PE: Diarrhea Treatment: % of Children Under 5 who Received ORS Packet data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Peru – Table PE.World Bank: Health Statistics. Percentage of children under age 5 with diarrhea in the two weeks preceding the survey who received oral rehydration salts (ORS packets or pre-packaged ORS fluids).; ; UNICEF, State of the World's Children, Childinfo, and Demographic and Health Surveys.; Weighted average;

Peru PE: Exclusive Breastfeeding: % of Children under 6 Months data was reported at 69.800 % in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 65.200 % for 2015. Peru PE: Exclusive Breastfeeding: % of Children under 6 Months data is updated yearly, averaging 67.307 % from Dec 1986 (Median) to 2016, with 16 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 72.300 % in 2013 and a record low of 28.000 % in 1986. Peru PE: Exclusive Breastfeeding: % of Children under 6 Months data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Peru – Table PE.World Bank: Health Statistics. Exclusive breastfeeding refers to the percentage of children less than six months old who are fed breast milk alone (no other liquids) in the past 24 hours.; ; UNICEF, State of the World's Children, Childinfo, and Demographic and Health Surveys.; Weighted average;

Peru PE: Diarrhea Treatment: % of Children Under 5 Receiving Oral Rehydration and Continued Feeding data was reported at 59.500 % in 2015. This records an increase from the previous number of 57.000 % for 2014. Peru PE: Diarrhea Treatment: % of Children Under 5 Receiving Oral Rehydration and Continued Feeding data is updated yearly, averaging 59.250 % from Dec 1992 (Median) to 2015, with 12 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 64.300 % in 2011 and a record low of 24.700 % in 1992. Peru PE: Diarrhea Treatment: % of Children Under 5 Receiving Oral Rehydration and Continued Feeding data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Peru – Table PE.World Bank: Health Statistics. Children with diarrhea who received oral rehydration and continued feeding refer to the percentage of children under age five with diarrhea in the two weeks prior to the survey who received either oral rehydration therapy or increased fluids, with continued feeding.; ; UNICEF, State of the World's Children, Childinfo, and Demographic and Health Surveys.; Weighted average;

Peru PE: Completeness of Birth Registration data was reported at 97.700 % in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 96.700 % for 2014. Peru PE: Completeness of Birth Registration data is updated yearly, averaging 94.950 % from Dec 2005 (Median) to 2016, with 6 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 97.700 % in 2016 and a record low of 93.000 % in 2007. Peru PE: Completeness of Birth Registration data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Peru – Table PE.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Completeness of birth registration is the percentage of children under age 5 whose births were registered at the time of the survey. The numerator of completeness of birth registration includes children whose birth certificate was seen by the interviewer or whose mother or caretaker says the birth has been registered.; ; UNICEF's State of the World's Children based mostly on household surveys and ministry of health data.; Weighted average;

Peru PE: Average Working Hours of Children: Working Only: Male: Aged 7-14: Hours per Week data was reported at 19.231 Hour in 2015. Peru PE: Average Working Hours of Children: Working Only: Male: Aged 7-14: Hours per Week data is updated yearly, averaging 19.231 Hour from Dec 2015 (Median) to 2015, with 1 observations. Peru PE: Average Working Hours of Children: Working Only: Male: Aged 7-14: Hours per Week data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Peru – Table PE.World Bank.WDI: Labour Force. Average working hours of children working only refers to the average weekly working hours of those children who are involved in economic activity and not attending school.; ; Understanding Children's Work project based on data from ILO, UNICEF and the World Bank.; ;

Intensity data available only for those receiving deworming at baseline (i.e. n = 880 specimens analyzed by the Kato-Katz method).epg = eggs per gram. The calculation of mean epg includes infected and uninfected individuals.1AM = arithmetic mean;*2GM = geometric mean.A value of 1 was added to each observation to calculate the geometric mean.Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) intensity in 12 and 13-month old children, Iquitos, Peru, September 2011 to June 2012, using the Kato-Katz method (n = 880).

Peru PE: Children with Fever Receiving Antimalarial Drugs: % of Children Under Age 5 with Fever data was reported at 53.000 % in 2012. This records a decrease from the previous number of 53.400 % for 2011. Peru PE: Children with Fever Receiving Antimalarial Drugs: % of Children Under Age 5 with Fever data is updated yearly, averaging 53.200 % from Dec 2006 (Median) to 2012, with 6 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 54.800 % in 2010 and a record low of 30.300 % in 2006. Peru PE: Children with Fever Receiving Antimalarial Drugs: % of Children Under Age 5 with Fever data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Peru – Table PE.World Bank.WDI: Health Statistics. Malaria treatment refers to the percentage of children under age five who were ill with fever in the last two weeks and received any appropriate (locally defined) anti-malarial drugs.; ; UNICEF, State of the World's Children, Childinfo, and Demographic and Health Surveys.; Weighted average;

Peru PE: Low-Birthweight Babies: % of Births data was reported at 6.900 % in 2011. This records a decrease from the previous number of 8.000 % for 2007. Peru PE: Low-Birthweight Babies: % of Births data is updated yearly, averaging 10.300 % from Dec 1992 (Median) to 2011, with 6 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 11.200 % in 2004 and a record low of 6.900 % in 2011. Peru PE: Low-Birthweight Babies: % of Births data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Peru – Table PE.World Bank: Health Statistics. Low-birthweight babies are newborns weighing less than 2,500 grams, with the measurement taken within the first hours of life, before significant postnatal weight loss has occurred.; ; UNICEF, State of the World's Children, Childinfo, and Demographic and Health Surveys.; Weighted average;

Peru PE: Age Dependency Ratio: % of Working-Age Population data was reported at 52.757 % in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 52.991 % for 2016. Peru PE: Age Dependency Ratio: % of Working-Age Population data is updated yearly, averaging 75.520 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2017, with 58 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 93.045 % in 1967 and a record low of 52.757 % in 2017. Peru PE: Age Dependency Ratio: % of Working-Age Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Peru – Table PE.World Bank: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Age dependency ratio is the ratio of dependents--people younger than 15 or older than 64--to the working-age population--those ages 15-64. Data are shown as the proportion of dependents per 100 working-age population.; ; World Bank staff estimates based on age distributions of United Nations Population Division's World Population Prospects: 2017 Revision.; Weighted average; Relevance to gender indicator: this indicator implies the dependency burden that the working-age population bears in relation to children and the elderly. Many times single or widowed women who are the sole caregiver of a household have a high dependency ratio.