Provisional counts of deaths in care homes caused by coronavirus (COVID-19) by local authority. Published by the Office for National Statistics and Care Quality Commission.

Based on a comparison of coronavirus deaths in 210 countries relative to their population, Peru had the most losses to COVID-19 up until July 13, 2022. As of the same date, the virus had infected over 557.8 million people worldwide, and the number of deaths had totaled more than 6.3 million. Note, however, that COVID-19 test rates can vary per country. Additionally, big differences show up between countries when combining the number of deaths against confirmed COVID-19 cases. The source seemingly does not differentiate between "the Wuhan strain" (2019-nCOV) of COVID-19, "the Kent mutation" (B.1.1.7) that appeared in the UK in late 2020, the 2021 Delta variant (B.1.617.2) from India or the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) from South Africa.

The difficulties of death figures

This table aims to provide a complete picture on the topic, but it very much relies on data that has become more difficult to compare. As the coronavirus pandemic developed across the world, countries already used different methods to count fatalities, and they sometimes changed them during the course of the pandemic. On April 16, for example, the Chinese city of Wuhan added a 50 percent increase in their death figures to account for community deaths. These deaths occurred outside of hospitals and went unaccounted for so far. The state of New York did something similar two days before, revising their figures with 3,700 new deaths as they started to include “assumed” coronavirus victims. The United Kingdom started counting deaths in care homes and private households on April 29, adjusting their number with about 5,000 new deaths (which were corrected lowered again by the same amount on August 18). This makes an already difficult comparison even more difficult. Belgium, for example, counts suspected coronavirus deaths in their figures, whereas other countries have not done that (yet). This means two things. First, it could have a big impact on both current as well as future figures. On April 16 already, UK health experts stated that if their numbers were corrected for community deaths like in Wuhan, the UK number would change from 205 to “above 300”. This is exactly what happened two weeks later. Second, it is difficult to pinpoint exactly which countries already have “revised” numbers (like Belgium, Wuhan or New York) and which ones do not. One work-around could be to look at (freely accessible) timelines that track the reported daily increase of deaths in certain countries. Several of these are available on our platform, such as for Belgium, Italy and Sweden. A sudden large increase might be an indicator that the domestic sources changed their methodology.

Where are these numbers coming from?

The numbers shown here were collected by Johns Hopkins University, a source that manually checks the data with domestic health authorities. For the majority of countries, this is from national authorities. In some cases, like China, the United States, Canada or Australia, city reports or other various state authorities were consulted. In this statistic, these separately reported numbers were put together. For more information or other freely accessible content, please visit our dedicated Facts and Figures page.

Number and percentage of deaths, by place of death (in hospital or non-hospital), 1991 to most recent year.

This table provides an overview of the key figures on health and care available on StatLine. All figures are taken from other tables on StatLine, either directly or through a simple conversion. In the original tables, breakdowns by characteristics of individuals or other variables are possible. The period after the year of review before data become available differs between the data series. The number of exam passes/graduates in year t is the number of persons who obtained a diploma in school/study year starting in t-1 and ending in t.

Data available from: 2001

Status of the figures: 2024: The available figures are definite. 2023: Most available figures are definite Figures are provisional for: - perinatal mortality at pregnancy duration at least 24 weeks; - diagnoses known to the general practitioner; - supplied drugs; - AWBZ/Wlz-funded long term care; - persons employed in health and welfare; - persons employed in healthcare; - Mbo health care graduates; - Hbo nursing graduates / medicine graduates (university); - expenditures on health and welfare; - average distance to facilities. 2022: Most available figures are definite, figures are provisional for: - hospital admissions by some diagnoses; - physicians and nurses employed in care; - persons employed in health and welfare; - persons employed in healthcare; - expenditures on health and welfare; - profitability and operating results at institutions. 2021: Most available figures are definite, figures are provisional for: - expenditures on health and welfare. 2020 and earlier: All available figures are definite.

Changes as of 18 december 2024: - Distance to facilities: the figures withdrawn on 5 June have been replaced (unchanged). - Youth care: the previously published final results for 2021 and 2022 have been adjusted due to improvements in the processing. - Due to a revision of the statistics Expenditure on health and welfare 2021, figures for expenditure on health and welfare care have been replaced from 2021 onwards. - Due to the revision of the National Accounts, the figures on persons employed in health and welfare have been replaced for all years. - AWBZ/Wlz-funded long term care: from 2015, the series Wlz residential care including total package at home has been replaced by total Wlz care. This series fits better with the chosen demarcation of indications for Wlz care.

More recent figures have been added for: - crude birth rate; - live births to teenage mothers; - causes of death; - perinatal mortality at pregnancy duration at least 24 weeks; - life expectancy in perceived good health; - diagnoses known to the general practitioner; - supplied drugs; - AWBZ/Wlz-funded long term care; - youth care; - persons employed in health and welfare; - persons employed in healthcare; - expenditures on health and welfare; - average distance to facilities.

When will new figures be published? New figures will be published in July 2025.

The death rate in New York City for adults aged 75 years and older was around 4,135 per 100,000 people as of December 22, 2022. The risk of developing more severe illness from COVID-19 increases with age, and the virus also poses a particular threat to people with underlying health conditions.

What is the death toll in NYC? The first coronavirus-related death in New York City was recorded on March 11, 2020. Since then, the total number of confirmed deaths has reached 37,452 while there have been 2.6 million positive tests for the disease. The number of daily new deaths in New York City has fallen sharply since nearly 600 residents lost their lives on April 7, 2020. A significant number of fatalities across New York State have been linked to long-term care facilities that provide support to vulnerable elderly adults and individuals with physical disabilities.

The impact on the counties of New York State Nearly every county in the state of New York has recorded at least one death due to the coronavirus. Outside of New York City, the counties of Nassau, Suffolk, and Westchester have confirmed over 11,500 deaths between them. When analyzing the ratio of deaths to county population, Rockland had one of the highest COVID-19 death rates in New York State in 2021. The county, which has approximately 325,700 residents, had a death rate of around 29 per 10,000 people in April 2021.

The distribution of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases in Japan as of March 16, 2022, showed that the highest number of patients were aged 20 to 29 years old, with a total of over one million cases. The highest number of deaths could be seen among the patients aged 80 years and older at about 15.5 thousand cases.

 Shortage of intensive care beds 

With over 1,200 hospital beds per 100,000 inhabitants available in the country, Japan is one of the best-equipped OECD nations regarding the medical sector. However, after the COVID-19 outbreak, country has faced a shortage of hospital beds, especially those required for intensive care. ICU beds only constitute a small share of the overall number of hospital beds in the country compared to European countries like Switzerland and Germany. To combat this problem, the Japanese government implemented financial incentives for hospitals upon acquisition of new intensive care beds. Another factor playing a significant part in the shortage of hospital beds is the comparably high average length of hospital stays, since some bedridden seniors are in long-term care in hospitals, as opposed to being cared for in nursing homes or at home.

Challenges for private hospitals Japan’s over eight thousand hospitals were opened by doctors, leading to the majority of the institutions being privately owned. As many of them are specialized and dependent on outpatient surgeries, COVID-19 patients pose new difficulties, as treating them in a converted ward would hinder day-to-day operations. Acquisition of intensive care beds involves financial and logistical challenges, which smaller private institutions have difficulty meeting, as they are not funded by tax revenues.

For further information about the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, please visit our dedicated facts and figure page.

The average number of years that a group of individuals could expect to live at a given age if they are at risk of dying observed at each age during the reference year(s). The calculation is done over several years in order to have a more stable estimate. Note: The entity's life expectancy may be influenced by the presence or absence of a nursing home in the entity's territory. Although the calculation includes all the deaths observed over the selected period, the impact of some deaths on life expectancy remains greater in a sparsely populated entity. The classification of entities according to their life expectancy should therefore be interpreted with caution.

Legacy unique identifier: P00768

The Hispanic EPESE provides data on risk factors for mortality and morbidity in Mexican Americans in order to contrast how these factors operate differently in non-Hispanic White Americans, African Americans, and other major ethnic groups. The Wave 8 dataset comprises the seventh follow-up of the baseline Hispanic EPESE (HISPANIC ESTABLISHED POPULATIONS FOR THE EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES OF THE ELDERLY, 1993-1994: [ARIZONA, CALIFORNIA, COLORADO, NEW MEXICO, AND TEXAS] [ICPSR 2851]). The baseline Hispanic EPESE collected data on a representative sample of community-dwelling Mexican Americans, aged 65 years and older, residing in the five southwestern states of Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas. The public-use data cover demographic characteristics (age, sex, marital status), height, weight, BMI, social and physical functioning, chronic conditions, related health problems, health habits, self-reported use of hospital and nursing home services, and depression. Subsequent follow-ups provide a cross-sectional examination of the predictors of mortality, changes in health outcomes, and institutionalization, and other changes in living arrangements, as well as changes in life situations and quality of life issues. During this 8th Wave, 2012-2013, re-interviews were conducted either in person or by proxy, with 452 of the original respondents. This Wave also includes 292 re-interviews from the additional sample of Mexican Americans aged 75 years and over with higher average-levels of education than those of the surviving cohort who were added in Wave 5, increasing the total number of respondents to 744.

There were 667,479 deaths in the United Kingdom in 2021, compared with 689,629 in 2020. Between 2003 and 2011, the annual number of deaths in the UK fell from 612,085 to just over 552,232. Since 2011 however, the annual number of annual deaths in the United Kingdom has steadily grown, with the number recorded in 2020, the highest since 1918 when there were 715,246 deaths. Both of these spikes in the number of deaths can be attributed to infectious disease pandemics. The great influenza pandemic of 1918, which was at its height towards the end of World War One, and the COVID-19 pandemic, which caused a large number of deaths in 2020.  Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic The weekly death figures for England and Wales highlight the tragic toll of the COVID-19 pandemic. In two weeks in April of 2020, there were 22,351 and 21,997 deaths respectively, almost 12,000 excess deaths in each of those weeks. Although hospitals were the most common location of these deaths, a significant number of these deaths also took place in care homes, with 7,911 deaths taking place in care homes for the week ending April 24, 2020, far higher than usual. By the summer of 2020, the number of deaths in England and Wales reached more usual levels, before a second wave of excess deaths hit the country in early 2021. Although subsequent waves of COVID-19 cases resulted in far fewer deaths, the number of excess deaths remained elevated throughout 2022. Long-term life expectancy trends As of 2022 the life expectancy for men in the United Kingdom was 78.57, and almost 82.57 for women, compared with life expectancies of 75 for men and 80 for women in 2002. In historical terms, this is a major improvement in relation to the mid 18th century, when the overall life expectancy was just under 39 years. Between 2011 and 2017, improvements in life expectancy in the UK did start to decline, and have gone into reverse since 2018/20. Between 2020 and 2022 for example, life expectancy for men in the UK has fallen by over 37 weeks, and by almost 23 weeks for women, when compared with the previous year.

Associations between share of hospital delivery and deaths per 1,000 births in 1,143 regions.

Legacy unique identifier: P00766

Abstract

During May to October 1995 in the Mwanza Region of northwestern Tanzania, an in-depth survey on adult and childhood mortality estimation was conducted. Entitled the "Sumve Survey on Adult and Childhood Mortality" (SACM), the study was implemented by the Tanzanian Bureau of Statistics (BOS) and the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) program with assistance provided by several local institutions.

The primary objective of the SACM was to establish whether data useful for the estimation of childhood mortality rates (birth histories) could be collected by proxy from the mothers' sisters. The proxy data on deceased sisters--that is, women not interviewed in a routine demographic survey could be used to adjust estimates of childhood mortality where adult mortality is on the rise due to the AIDS pandemic. This type of data collection had not been attempted in Africa. Aside from the methodological aims of the SACM, the study was also intended to provide descriptive information on the demographic situation and use of basic maternity service utilization in the study area for purposes of local program evaluation.

The SACM was a two-phase data collection exercise conducted in the Kwimba District of Mwanza Region which lies on the southern boundary of Lake Victoria. This is an area where approximately 100,000 persons, of predominantly Sukuma ethnic origins, reside. Very little modern sector development has occurred in the study area and the large majority of the population relies on subsistence agriculture and some cash cropping to make a living. Educational levels are very low: the SACM results show that about 40 percent of women age 15-49 had never been to school, and only 1 percent had reached secondary school. Most of the study population falls in the catchment area of the Sumve primary health care (PHC) program, which aims to provide health education and basic maternal and child health services through outreach and referral programs. The PHC program is (and the SACM study was) based in Sumve where a relatively large hospital serves much of the district's tertiary care needs as well.

In Phase I of the SACM, a representative sample of 1,488 households and 2,130 women age 15-50 were interviewed. In these interviews, full birth histories of the respondents ("own" reports) and full sibling histories were collected. Based on information in the latter, all sisters born 15-50 years ago were identified and full birth histories were collected on all of these sisters ("proxy" reports). In Phase II of the SACM, conducted a month after Phase I, all living sisters age 15-50 living in an expanded study area were "tracked" with 2,123 of 2,223 eligible sisters (96 percent) eventually interviewed. From Phase II respondents was elicited essentially the same information as was obtained from Phase 1 respondents. These data allow comparisons of own-reported and proxy-reported birth histories. One drawback of the design is that the SACM sister-pairs are not representative of all sister-pairs since they live closer to each other than the average sister-pair (i.e., by design, the Phase II sisters live in roughly the same area as Phase I respondents). The SACM found that nearly all women (99 percent) who gave birth in the five years before the survey had received some kind of antenatal care during their last pregnancy, with the majority of services provided by nurses, midwives, and maternal and child health (MCH) aides. Only 2 percent of the women received care by a doctor. Unfortunately, the data indicate that over 90 percent of these women did not initially receive services before the second trimester, and 15 percent did not before the third trimester, which indicates that the full benefits of antenatal care are not being realized for most women around Sumve. The SACM also found that 62 percent of deliveries still occur outside of health facilities. Nearly all of these home deliveries are assisted by relatives and friends. Thirty-nine percent of deliveries were assisted by a trained health professional; in 4 percent of deliveries, a doctor assisted. Previous use of antenatal services and advice by a health professional to deliver in a health facility is positively correlated with subsequent delivery in a hospital or clinic. Of women not delivering in a health facility, the most commonly reported reason for nonuse of a facility was transport- or distance-related; 61 percent said that it was "too far," and 44 percent said that no transport was available.

The Phase I SACM data provided an opportunity to establish representative estimates of fertility and mortality.Women living in the Sumve area bear, on average,7.4 children during their lifetime,and nearly 60 percent have begun their reproductive lives before reaching age 20.The under-five mortality rate was estimated to be 134 deaths per 1,000 live births, meaning that about 1 in 7 children in this area do not survive to their fifth birthday.Infant mortality stands at 83 deaths (under age 1) per 1,000 live births.The risk of dying in early childhood is closely linked to the length of the birth interval.Infant mortality is about twice as high among children with short intervals (less than 24 months) than among children born after long intervals (48 or more months).

Adult mortality is high in the study area.The mortality rate for adult females (age 15-49) is estimated to be 4 per1,000 person-years and male mortality (age 15-49) is 5 per 1,000 person-years. While high, these mortality levels indicate that AIDS has not yet impacted significantly on adult mortality during the 0-13 year period before the survey (circa 1982-1995). A measure of female mortality attributable to maternity-related causes, the maternal mortality ratio, was calculated using the SACM. The maternal mortality ratio for the Sumve area was found to be around 500 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births.

Phase II of the SACM provided for linkage of 2,711 own-reported birth histories with 3,719 proxy reported birth histories (1.37 proxy reports per own report). The analyses of proxy reports vis-a-vis own reports demonstrate that women are familiar with their sisters' experience regarding childbearing and child deaths. The quality of the proxy information is, in some respects, surprisingly good. Yet the study identified some important problems related to proxy reporting. The precision of dating of births was significantly worse in the proxy reports, and substantial birth date displacement was evident. Most importantly, a considerable 14 percent fewer non-surviving births were reported in the proxy birth histories than in the own reports.

These data quality problems had some impact on demographic estimates.The directly-estimated total fertility rate for ages 15-39 (TFR) in the five-year period before the survey was estimated to be 6.7 children per woman from the own data, but 5.9 children per woman from the proxy data.While the own and proxy data produce similar childhood mortality rates for the five years before the survey (due to offsetting underreports of surviving and nonsurviving births),the proxy effect resulted in a 23 percent underestimate of under-five mortality 5-9 years before the survey, and a 31 percent underestimate 10-14 years before the survey. Trend estimates from the proxy data thus produce a picture of rising mortality, whereas own data indicate falling or stable mortality. These results suggest that routine implementation of a methodology to correct for mother's survival bias involving use of proxy data is not realistic at this time. However, in settings where moderate to severe bias is expected (five-fold or greater increases in adult mortality), careful adjustment to mortality estimates based on proxy data, while difficult to support empirically, may be an improvement over no adjustment at all.The adjustment would need to involve estimation of a "proxy effect" as well as estimation of the substantive correction parameter that reflects the survival bias.

Evaluation and quantification of the biases influencing childhood mortality estimation in sub-Saharan Africa should be undertaken. In this study, the children of recently deceased women had significantly elevated mortality relative to children of survivors: under-five risk was more than doubled (340 versus 143 per 1,000 live births). Additional information on the fertility-inhibiting impact of HIV/AIDS and current levels and trend in adult HIV/AIDS-related mortality needs to be garnered. These data should be population based and refer to a recent time period in order to be useful for program and policy purposes.

Geographic coverage

Kwimba District of Northwestern Tanzania.

Analysis unit

Households Individuals

Universe

Sisters of deceased mothers (Women aged 15- 50)

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The SACM was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, a random sample of women age 15-50 was interviewed in their households. A complete sibling history was collected from these respondents which included detailed locator information for all living sisters age 15-50. After Phase I was completed, the sibling histories and associated data were used to draw up a roster of all living sisters age 15-50 of the Phase I respondents. All sisters listed who lived in the expanded Phase II study area were eligible for Phase II interview.

Phase I of the SACM was conducted in the six wards of Kwimba District that surround the community of Sumve: Bungulwa, Mantare, Mwabomba, Mwaniko, Ngulla, and Wulla (Figure 2.1 - see Survey Report in external resources). The six wards comprise a total of 57 enumeration areas (EA) designated and mapped during the 1988 national census.A complete remapping and household listing of these 57 EAs

In 2023, there were almost 19,000 funeral homes in the United States - an increase of approximately 200 compared to the previous year. There were roughly 700 fewer funeral homes in the United States in 2022 than there were in 2004.
Death care services There are several different components that make up the death care services industry in the United States. As this service is deemed a necessity by most, historically it has demonstrated itself as profitable engagement. Funeral homes, for example, had a market size of 19 billion U.S. dollars in 2022 - a significant increase when compared to the previous year. With such a large and nationwide enterprise, the funeral service industry alone needed a workforce of approximately 33,000 funeral attendants in 2022. Furthermore, the mean annual wage of this personnel group was around 34,000 U.S. dollars in 2022.
Cremation services The cremation rate in the United States has been increasing rapidly since 1975. To demonstrate the swift rise in popularity of cremations, this rate was at 5.69 percent in 1975 and reached approximately 59 percent in 2022. With such a rise in prominence came an increase in price for this death care service. The median cost of an adult funeral with a viewing and a cremation in the United States was almost 8,000 U.S. dollars in 2021, meaning this service almost doubled in price since 2014.

Legacy unique identifier: P00772

Details Registered Care Homes in Scotland - clients, places, admissions, discharges, deaths, average weekly charge and resident details.

Source agency: Scottish Government

Designation: National Statistics

Language: English

Alternative title: Care Homes in Scotland

The cremation rate in the United States increased steadily between 1975 and 2024. This figure was forecasted to grow to 65.2 percent by 2027. Rise in popularity of cremation Several factors have contributed to the increase in popularity of cremations in the United States. One of the most significant factors has been that cremation is often more affordable than traditional burial, primarily owing to lower costs associated with caskets, burial plots, and cemetery maintenance. The median cost of an adult funeral with a viewing and a burial, for example, has been increasing since 2014. Furthermore, the burial rate in the United States has decreased significantly since 2005. Leading death care providers The United States has been home to several large death care service providers. These companies have included Service Corporation International, headquartered in Houston, Texas. When broken down by segment, the largest revenue share of Service Corporation International has come from funeral services. Another Houston-based death care service provider is Carriage Services, with the company performing almost 50,000 funeral services in 2022.

Legacy unique identifier: P00776

Legacy unique identifier: P00778