As of June 2025, the average annual price of Brent crude oil stood at 71.91 U.S. dollars per barrel. This is over eight U.S. dollars lower than the 2024 average. Brent is the world's leading price benchmark for Atlantic basin crude oils. Crude oil is one of the most closely observed commodity prices as it influences costs across all stages of the production process and consequently alters the price of consumer goods as well. What determines crude oil benchmarks? In the past decade, crude oil prices have been especially volatile. Their inherent inelasticity regarding short-term changes in demand and supply means that oil prices are erratic by nature. However, since the 2009 financial crisis, many commercial developments have greatly contributed to price volatility, such as economic growth by BRIC countries like China and India, and the advent of hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling in the U.S. The outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine war are examples of geopolitical events dictating prices. Light crude oils - Brent and WTI Brent Crude is considered a classification of sweet light crude oil and acts as a benchmark price for oil around the world. It is considered a sweet light crude oil due to its low sulfur content and low density and may be easily refined into gasoline. This oil originates in the North Sea and comprises several different oil blends, including Brent Blend and Ekofisk crude. Often, this crude oil is refined in Northwest Europe. Another sweet light oil often referenced alongside UK Brent is West Texas Intermediate (WTI). WTI oil prices amounted to 76.55 U.S. dollars per barrel in 2024.

This dataset contains information about world's crude oil prices for 1861-2020. Data from BP. Follow datasource.kapsarc.org for timely data to advance energy economics research.Notes: 1861-1944 US Average 1945-1983 Arabian Light posted at Ras Tanura 1984-2016 Brent dated. $2020 (deflated using the Consumer Price Index for the US

The 2025 annual OPEC basket price stood at ***** U.S. dollars per barrel as of June. This would be lower than the 2024 average, which amounted to ***** U.S. dollars. The abbreviation OPEC stands for Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries and includes Algeria, Angola, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Iraq, Iran, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, and the United Arab Emirates. The aim of the OPEC is to coordinate the oil policies of its member states. It was founded in 1960 in Baghdad, Iraq. The OPEC Reference Basket The OPEC crude oil price is defined by the price of the so-called OPEC (Reference) basket. This basket is an average of prices of the various petroleum blends that are produced by the OPEC members. Some of these oil blends are, for example: Saharan Blend from Algeria, Basra Light from Iraq, Arab Light from Saudi Arabia, BCF 17 from Venezuela, et cetera. By increasing and decreasing its oil production, OPEC tries to keep the price between a given maxima and minima. Benchmark crude oil The OPEC basket is one of the most important benchmarks for crude oil prices worldwide. Other significant benchmarks are UK Brent, West Texas Intermediate (WTI), and Dubai Crude (Fateh). Because there are many types and grades of oil, such benchmarks are indispensable for referencing them on the global oil market. The 2025 fall in prices was the result of weakened demand outlooks exacerbated by extensive U.S. trade tariffs.

The 2025 preliminary average annual price of West Texas Intermediate crude oil reached 68.23 U.S. dollars per barrel as of June. This would be eight U.S. dollars below the 2024 average and the lowest annual average since 2021. WTI and other benchmarks WTI is a grade of crude oil also known as “Texas light sweet.” It is measured to have an API gravity of around 39.6 and specific gravity of about 0.83, which is considered “light” relative to other crude oils. This oil also contains roughly 0.24 percent sulfur, and is therefore named “sweet.” Crude oils are some of the most closely observed commodity prices in the world. WTI is the underlying commodity of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange’s oil futures contracts. The price of other crude oils, such as UK Brent crude oil, the OPEC crude oil basket, and Dubai Fateh oil, can be compared to that of WTI crude oil. Since 1976, the price of WTI crude oil has increased notably, rising from just 12.23 U.S. dollars per barrel in 1976 to a peak of 99.06 dollars per barrel in 2008. Geopolitical conflicts and their impact on oil prices The price of oil is controlled in part by limiting oil production. Prior to 1971, the Texas Railroad Commission controlled the price of oil by setting limits on production of U.S. oil. In 1971, the Texas Railroad Commission ceased limiting production, but OPEC, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries with member states Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela among others, continued to do so. In 1972, due to geopolitical conflict, OPEC set an oil embargo and cut oil production, causing prices to quadruple by 1974. Oil prices rose again in 1979 and 1980 due to the Iranian revolution, and doubled between 1978 and 1981 as the Iran-Iraq War prevented oil production. A number of geopolitical conflicts and periods of increased production and consumption have influenced the price of oil since then.

CBO Projection: Crude Oil Price: WTI: Annual data was reported at 70.800 USD/Barrel in 2028. This records an increase from the previous number of 69.140 USD/Barrel for 2027. CBO Projection: Crude Oil Price: WTI: Annual data is updated yearly, averaging 58.885 USD/Barrel from Dec 2015 (Median) to 2028, with 14 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 70.800 USD/Barrel in 2028 and a record low of 42.790 USD/Barrel in 2016. CBO Projection: Crude Oil Price: WTI: Annual data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Congressional Budget Office. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.P005: Crude Oil Price: Projection: Congressional Budget Office.

Monthly average retail prices for gasoline and fuel oil for Canada, selected provincial cities, Whitehorse and Yellowknife. Prices are presented for the current month and previous four months. Includes fuel type and the price in cents per litre.

Zambia Commodity Price: Avg: Crude Oil data was reported at 74.250 USD/Barrel in Jul 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 74.400 USD/Barrel for Jun 2018. Zambia Commodity Price: Avg: Crude Oil data is updated monthly, averaging 48.900 USD/Barrel from Oct 2015 (Median) to Jul 2018, with 34 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 76.900 USD/Barrel in May 2018 and a record low of 30.800 USD/Barrel in Jan 2016. Zambia Commodity Price: Avg: Crude Oil data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Finance. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Zambia – Table ZM.P004: Average Copper and Crude Oil Price.

CBO Projection: Crude Oil Price: WTI data was reported at 71.430 USD/Barrel in Dec 2028. This records an increase from the previous number of 71.010 USD/Barrel for Sep 2028. CBO Projection: Crude Oil Price: WTI data is updated quarterly, averaging 59.350 USD/Barrel from Dec 2015 (Median) to Dec 2028, with 53 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 71.430 USD/Barrel in Dec 2028 and a record low of 36.590 USD/Barrel in Mar 2016. CBO Projection: Crude Oil Price: WTI data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Congressional Budget Office. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.P005: Crude Oil Price: Projection: Congressional Budget Office.

This statistic shows the average annual price of fish oil worldwide from 2015 to 2019 (in U.S. dollars per metric ton). Average price of fish oil from January to December 2016 was about 1,700 U.S. dollars per metric ton, decreasing from 1,802 dollars per metric ton in the previous year.

United States US: Oil Rents: % of GDP data was reported at 0.051 % in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.049 % for 2015. United States US: Oil Rents: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 0.404 % from Dec 1971 (Median) to 2016, with 46 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.031 % in 1980 and a record low of 0.049 % in 2015. United States US: Oil Rents: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.World Bank.WDI: Land Use, Protected Areas and National Wealth. Oil rents are the difference between the value of crude oil production at regional prices and total costs of production.; ; World Bank staff estimates based on sources and methods described in 'The Changing Wealth of Nations 2018: Building a Sustainable Future' (Lange et al 2018).; Weighted average;

MDPS Forecast: Average Price: Crude Oil data was reported at 67.410 USD in 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of 68.390 USD for 2019. MDPS Forecast: Average Price: Crude Oil data is updated yearly, averaging 59.905 USD from Dec 2015 (Median) to 2020, with 6 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 69.850 USD in 2018 and a record low of 37.880 USD in 2016. MDPS Forecast: Average Price: Crude Oil data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Development Planning and Statistics . The data is categorized under Global Database’s Qatar – Table QA.P001: Average Oil Price: Forecast: Ministry of Development, Planning and Statistics.

OPEC's net oil export revenue reached 679.75 billion U.S. dollars in 2023, a decrease from 2022. In 2022, figures reached 828.61 billion U.S. dollars. OPEC stands for the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries and includes countries located in Africa, South America, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia. Currently, the organization has 12 member countries. OPEC oil production The formation of OPEC marked a shift away from large multinational company market control to a primarily state-based control of natural resources. The supply restrictions that began in 1970 enabled a significant increase in oil prices and thus, OPEC’s revenues. OPEC produces around 40 percent of the world’s total crude oil. Saudi Arabia is one of the largest oil exporters among the OPEC. The country sells around six million barrels of oil per day overseas. In total, some 19.7 million barrels of oil was exported per day by OPEC regions in 2021. OPEC crude oil production can strongly impact global oil prices, especially during periods of war or upheaval. Prices of oil are largely affected by basic supply and demand. As of preliminary 2024 figures, the average price of OPEC crude oil was around 80.48 U.S. dollars per barrel. Low oil prices in 2015 and 2016 were due to a wide range of factors including, but not limited to, lower U.S. production, rising Canadian and Iraqi production, and more energy-efficient vehicles. While the drop in 2020 was due to the coronavirus-pandemic.

In 2040, the nominal price of the OPEC reference basket oil is expected to reach 155 U.S. dollars. The nominal price is an unadjusted number, without taking elements such as inflation, seasonality, loan fees, interest compounding into account.

Prices rising and recovering

The “real price” (in 2015 U.S. dollars) of oils in the OPEC reference basket is projected to more than double from 2016 to 2040. While the average annual OPEC crude oil price was at the lowest point in over a decade in 2016 and had room to recover, real 2015 prices are not expected to reach the high levels of the early 2010s over the next twenty years.

Turbulence in the 2010s

As oil prices fluctuated heavily during the 2008 financial crisis, the United States sought to decrease reliance on imports from OPEC countries and invested in domestic oil production to keep up with high demand at lower cost. The subsequent development of hydraulic fracturing enabled extraction of shale oil in the United States and brought a surge in production, causing a global oversupply by 2014, known as the 2010s oil glut.

The revenue of the sunflower-seed and safflower oil market in Botswana amounted to $X in 2018, jumping by X% against the previous year. In general, the total market indicated a moderate expansion from 2007 to 2018: its value increased at an average annual rate of +X% over the last eleven years. The trend pattern, however, indicated some noticeable fluctuations being recorded throughout the analyzed period. Based on 2018 figures, sunflower-seed and safflower oil consumption increased by +X% against 2016 indices. The growth pace was the most rapid in 2008 with an increase of X% against the previous year. Botswana sunflower-seed and safflower oil consumption peaked at $X in 2015; however, from 2016 to 2018, consumption remained at a lower figure.

This statistic depicts the average annual prices for palm oil from 2014 through 2026*. In 2024, the average price for palm oil stood at 963 nominal U.S. dollars per metric ton.

Zambia Commodity Price: Avg: Copper data was reported at 6,248.000 USD/Tonne in Jul 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 6,955.000 USD/Tonne for Jun 2018. Zambia Commodity Price: Avg: Copper data is updated monthly, averaging 5,726.500 USD/Tonne from Oct 2015 (Median) to Jul 2018, with 34 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7,123.000 USD/Tonne in Jan 2018 and a record low of 4,462.800 USD/Tonne in Jan 2016. Zambia Commodity Price: Avg: Copper data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Finance. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Zambia – Table ZM.P004: Average Copper and Crude Oil Price.

Series of Pacific Fuel Monitors produced on a quarterly basis from 2014 - 2015. Captures:

• regional retail fuel prices
• unleaded motor gasoline prices (mogas)
• automotive diesel oil (ADO) prices
• kerosene prices
• liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)
• international market pricing trends
• regional fuel specification.

Documents are prepared by the Secretariat of the Pacific Community - Petroleum Advisory Service.

Keywords: petroleum, fossil fuel, price, monitor, fuel price monitor, pfpm

In 2019, the average inflation rate in Singapore amounted to about 0.57 percent compared to the previous year, and it seemed to recover from sliding into the red throughout 2015 and 2016. For 2030, Singapore’s inflation is expected to level off at around 1.97 percent. Singapore’s economy in shortSingapore is a prospering, highly developed economy, relying heavily on its role as an intermediary port for transport and storage of goods and merchandise. The lion’s share of its GDP is generated by the services sector, mainly by financial services, oil-refining, and manufacturing. Tourism is also an important contributor. It is one of the leading economies in Asia with one of the highest GDPs in the ASEAN region. The great slump of 2015 to 2016As dramatic as it looks, there was no definite reason for Singapore’s inflation rate to drop below zero in 2015 and 2016. A slump in economic growth and oil prices, as well as a low consumer price index were most likely responsible for inflation taking a hit in those years. Singapore has since recovered and continues its success story as one of the leading economies in the East.