Diesel prices in the United Kingdom rose to more than *** pence per liter in early 2024. The March national average was ***** pence per liter, compared with a price of ***** pence per liter for diesel sold at supermarkets. Hypermarkets dominate motor fuel sales Hypermarkets such as Sainsbury's, Asda, and Tesco have the greatest market share of motor fuel sold in the UK. In 2023, roughly ** percent of all motor fuels were sold at hypermarkets. Diesel more expensive than regular gasoline Although gasoline and diesel are both refined petroleum products, their refining process differs, thus also impacting manufacturing and retail prices. Diesel sold in the UK is required to have an ultra-low sulfur content and also contain a biodiesel component of seven percent. The extra steps required in the production process make diesel a more expensive commodity than gasoline, which trades around ** pence lower.

On October 27, 2025, the price of ultra-low sulfur unleaded petrol (gasoline) in the United Kingdom averaged 134.4 pence per liter. This compared to 143.26 pence per liter for diesel. Diesel prices were consistently higher than petrol/gasoline prices throughout this period, although the margin varied. Reasons for such differences in pricing lie in the refining process and molecular makeup of the products, with diesel requiring more complex refining processes and being an overall heavier liquid. As motor fuel pricing in the UK is not regulated by a monitoring body, there may also be notable differences in prices between retailers and regions. Supermarkets provide lowest fuel prices in the UK In the UK, much of the motor fuel is sold through supermarkets. Large supermarkets, or hypermarkets, account for more than 40 percent of all motor fuel sales in the country. The reason for their popularity often lies in the fact that they offer lower average prices. In the last four years, regular petrol/gasoline sold at supermarkets was up to six pence per liter cheaper than the national average. How UK fuel prices compare to the rest of the world Tied as they are to crude oil prices, motor fuels are generally cheapest in major producing countries, such as Iran, Venezuela, and Russia. In Europe, costs of importing the raw or finished products, in addition to taxes and levies, may hike up pump prices significantly. The UK is often among the countries with the highest petrol/gasoline prices, alongside other large European car markets such as France and Germany.

The price of gas in the United Kingdom was *** British pence per therm in the fourth quarter of 2024. It is anticipated gas prices will increase to *** pence in the second quarter of 2025 before gradually falling to just under ** pence by the second quarter of 2027.
Surging energy costs and the cost of living crisis At the height of the UK's cost of living crisis in 2022, approximately ** percent of UK households were experiencing rising prices compared with the previous month. It was during 2022 that the UK's CPI inflation rate reached a peak of **** percent, in October of that year. Food and energy, in particular, were the main drivers of inflation during this period, with energy inflation reaching **** percent, and food prices increasing by **** percent at the height of the crisis. Although prices fell to more expected levels by 2024, an uptick in inflation is forecast for 2025, with prices rising by *** percent in the third quarter of the year. Global Inflation Crisis The UK was not alone in suffering rapid inflation during this time period, with several countries across the world experiencing an inflation crisis. The roots of the crisis began as the global economy gradually emerged from the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021. Blocked-up supply chains, struggled to recover as quickly as consumer demand, with food and energy prices also facing upward pressure. Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 led to Europe gradually weening itself of cheap Russian energy exports, while for several months Ukraine struggled to export crucial food supplies to the rest of the World.

Red diesel prices rose in 2017 for the first time in five years. On average, buyers had to pay **** pence per liter of red Diesel in the United Kingdom in 2017. The average price had risen by **** pence between 2003 and 2012, before once again falling to 2017’s figures.

What is red diesel?

Red diesel is the same fuel as regular or white diesel. The fuel is heavily rebated and only to be used for agricultural, construction, and forestry purposes. It powers off-road vehicles and machinery in these industries and is not legal for use in road vehicles. A red dye is added to distinguish it from regular diesel. Red diesel has a lower tax rate to allow the above-mentioned industries to operate at a profit.

Regular diesel prices

One can surmise how much the different tax rate matters when we look at regular diesel prices. The lowest average price for white diesel in the past few years was *** pence per liter in February of 2016. In March 2019 it was *** pence. Compared to the regional differences in white diesel price, the price difference between the red and white variants is significantly higher. For more information on the fossil fuel industry in the UK visit our topic page here.

Gasoline Prices in the United Kingdom increased to 1.80 USD/Liter in November from 1.78 USD/Liter in October of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United Kingdom Gasoline Prices - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The average gas price in Great Britain in July 2025 was 79.28 British pence per therm. This was five pence lower than the same month the year prior and follows a trend of increasing gas prices. Energy prices in the UK Energy prices in the UK have been exceptionally volatile throughout the 2020s. Multiple factors, such as a lack of gas storage availability and the large share of gas in heating, have exacerbated the supply issue in the UK that followed the Russia-Ukraine war. This has also led to many smaller suppliers announcing bankruptcy, while an upped price cap threatened the energy security of numerous households. The United Kingdom has some of the highest household electricity prices worldwide. How is gas used in the UK? According to a 2023 survey conducted by the UK Department for Energy Security and Net Zero, 58 percent of respondents used gas as a heating method during the winter months. On average, household expenditure on energy from gas in the UK stood at some 24.9 billion British pounds in 2023, double the amount spent just two years prior.

Fuel prices, already high due to a recovering post-pandemic economy, surged even higher after Russia's invasion of Ukraine on February 2022. As of May of that same year, UCOME (used cooking oil methyl ester) average wholesale prices were higher than any other fuel, standing at 2,607 U.S. dollars per metric ton of oil equivalent. This represented an increase of over 124 percent when compared to 2018/2019 average prices. However, the largest price increase was reported for TME (tallow methyl ester). As of May 2022, TME's average wholesale price amounted to 1,112 U.S. dollars per metric ton of oil equivalent, up by more than 133 percent in comparison to 2018/2019.

As of August 2025, the average annual price of Brent crude oil stood at 71.3 U.S. dollars per barrel. This is over nine U.S. dollars lower than the 2024 average. Brent is the world's leading price benchmark for Atlantic basin crude oils. Crude oil is one of the most closely observed commodity prices as it influences costs across all stages of the production process and consequently alters the price of consumer goods as well. What determines crude oil benchmarks? In the past decade, crude oil prices have been especially volatile. Their inherent inelasticity regarding short-term changes in demand and supply means that oil prices are erratic by nature. However, since the 2009 financial crisis, many commercial developments have greatly contributed to price volatility, such as economic growth by BRIC countries like China and India, and the advent of hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling in the U.S. The outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine war are examples of geopolitical events dictating prices. Light crude oils - Brent and WTI Brent Crude is considered a classification of sweet light crude oil and acts as a benchmark price for oil around the world. It is considered a sweet light crude oil due to its low sulfur content and low density and may be easily refined into gasoline. This oil originates in the North Sea and comprises several different oil blends, including Brent Blend and Ekofisk crude. Often, this crude oil is refined in Northwest Europe. Another sweet light oil often referenced alongside UK Brent is West Texas Intermediate (WTI). WTI oil prices amounted to 76.55 U.S. dollars per barrel in 2024.

Supermarkets only account for ** percent of all petrol and diesel selling forecourt sites in the United Kingdom, however they have a petrol sales share of nearly ** percent. In 2020, **** percent of petrol sales were made via supermarket forecourts. Supermarkets such as Tesco and Asda prove the popular choice for many UK drivers. Supermarket petrol prices are on average cheaper than from any other brand.

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Bunker Fuel Market Size 2025-2029

The bunker fuel market size is forecast to increase by USD 33.8 billion, at a CAGR of 4.5% between 2024 and 2029.

The market is driven by several key factors, including the increasing naval expenditure and the growing LNG industry. Naval forces worldwide continue to expand their fleets, necessitating a significant demand for bunker fuel to power their operations. Furthermore, the transition towards cleaner energy sources in the maritime sector is gaining momentum, with the LNG industry experiencing robust growth. However, this market landscape is not without challenges. Fluctuations in oil and gas prices pose a significant threat to market stability, as bunker fuel is derived from these commodities. These price volatilities can impact the profitability of bunker fuel suppliers and consumers alike, necessitating effective risk management strategies. Additionally, the growing demand for LNG is leading to an increase in demand for bunker fuel as LNG carriers require large quantities of fuel for their operations. 
Companies seeking to capitalize on market opportunities must stay abreast of these trends and challenges, adapting their business models and operations accordingly. Navigating the complexities of the market requires a deep understanding of its underlying dynamics and the ability to respond swiftly to market shifts. Fleet management and optimization are crucial for minimizing fuel consumption and maximizing efficiency. The industry is exploring various solutions to reduce emissions, from fuel efficiency improvements to alternative fuels like liquefied natural gas (LNG) and biofuels.

What will be the Size of the Bunker Fuel Market during the forecast period?

Explore in-depth regional segment analysis with market size data - historical 2019-2023 and forecasts 2025-2029 - in the full report.
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The market continues to evolve, driven by a complex interplay of factors. Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is gaining traction as a cleaner alternative to heavy fuel oil (HFO), aligning with International Maritime Organization (IMO) regulations. Ship management companies are increasingly focusing on fuel optimization, incorporating advanced technologies to enhance engine performance and reduce emissions. Bunkering operations and infrastructure are adapting to accommodate various fuel types, including marine gasoil (MGO) and LPG. Freight rates and shipping economics are influenced by fuel costs and the ongoing shift towards cleaner fuels. Fuel delivery methods, from traditional bunkering vessels to new technologies like fuel cell trucks, are evolving to meet changing market demands. IMO regulations, such as Marpol Annex VI and Marpol Annex IV, are driving the maritime industry towards stricter emissions standards.

Fuel quality and handling are critical aspects of ensuring compliance, with fuel testing and optimization playing essential roles. Ship design and hull optimization are also key factors, as new technologies like hybrid propulsion, shaft generators, and carbon capture are gaining traction. Ballast water management and emissions reduction technologies are also becoming increasingly important, as the industry strives for sustainable shipping practices. The market is a dynamic and evolving landscape, with ongoing activities and unfolding patterns shaping its future. From fuel optimization and emissions reduction to the adoption of new technologies and alternative fuels, the market is poised for continuous change.

How is this Bunker Fuel Industry segmented?

The bunker fuel industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Type

  MGO
  HSFO
  VLSFO


Application

  Container
  Bulk carrier
  Oil tanker
  General cargo
  Chemical tanker


Distribution Channel

  IOC/NOC
  Large independent distributor
  Small independent distributor


Geography

  North America

    US


  Europe

    France
    Germany
    The Netherlands
    UK


  Middle East and Africa

    UAE


  APAC

    China
    India
    Japan
    Singapore


  Rest of World (ROW)

By Type Insights

The MGO segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period. Marine gas oil (MGO), a distillate fuel derived from crude oil through refining, is widely used in ships and marine vessels due to its lower sulfur content, ensuring compliance with stricter emissions regulations, particularly in Emission Control Areas (ECAs). MGO's cleaner properties, including lower viscosity and density compared to heavy fuel oils (HFO), facilitate easier handling and combustion. Environmental compliance is a significant factor driving the demand for MGO in the maritime industry. Fuel costs, a crucial component of shipping eco

The 2025 annual OPEC basket price stood at ***** U.S. dollars per barrel as of August. This would be lower than the 2024 average, which amounted to ***** U.S. dollars. The abbreviation OPEC stands for Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries and includes Algeria, Angola, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Iraq, Iran, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, and the United Arab Emirates. The aim of the OPEC is to coordinate the oil policies of its member states. It was founded in 1960 in Baghdad, Iraq. The OPEC Reference Basket The OPEC crude oil price is defined by the price of the so-called OPEC (Reference) basket. This basket is an average of prices of the various petroleum blends that are produced by the OPEC members. Some of these oil blends are, for example: Saharan Blend from Algeria, Basra Light from Iraq, Arab Light from Saudi Arabia, BCF 17 from Venezuela, et cetera. By increasing and decreasing its oil production, OPEC tries to keep the price between a given maxima and minima. Benchmark crude oil The OPEC basket is one of the most important benchmarks for crude oil prices worldwide. Other significant benchmarks are UK Brent, West Texas Intermediate (WTI), and Dubai Crude (Fateh). Because there are many types and grades of oil, such benchmarks are indispensable for referencing them on the global oil market. The 2025 fall in prices was the result of weakened demand outlooks exacerbated by extensive U.S. trade tariffs.

Ethanol traded flat at 1.71 USD/Gal on November 28, 2025. Over the past month, Ethanol's price has risen 0.59%, and is up 9.97% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Ethanol - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

As of the fourth quarter of 2024, oil prices in the United Kingdom stood at 74 dollars per barrel, with prices expected to rise to 76.6 dollars a barrel in early 2025, before gradually falling in subsequent quarters.

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Naphtha Market Size 2025-2029

The naphtha market size is valued to increase USD 47.1 billion, at a CAGR of 3.8% from 2024 to 2029. Increase in demand for naphtha in petrochemical industry will drive the naphtha market.

Major Market Trends & Insights

APAC dominated the market and accounted for a 40% growth during the forecast period.
By Type - Heavy naphtha segment was valued at USD 132.60 billion in 2023
By Application - Chemicals segment accounted for the largest market revenue share in 2023

Market Size & Forecast

Market Opportunities: USD 34.47 billion
Market Future Opportunities: USD 47.10 billion
CAGR : 3.8%
APAC: Largest market in 2023

Market Summary

The market represents a significant segment of the global petrochemical industry, characterized by continuous evolution and growth. With the increasing demand for naphtha as a key feedstock in the production of various petrochemicals, its market share in the petrochemical industry is projected to expand. Naphtha's role extends to fuel applications, such as LPG, and non-fuel uses, like rubber production, oils, edible fats, personal care products, and synthetic rubber. According to recent reports, the market is expected to witness a substantial increase in investment in the extraction and processing of this hydrocarbon due to its versatile applications. However, the market is not without challenges. Stringent regulations on the usage of naphtha, particularly in developed regions, pose a significant hurdle for market growth.
For instance, the European Union's REACH regulations have imposed strict restrictions on the production and use of certain naphtha-based chemicals. Despite these challenges, opportunities abound in emerging markets, where the demand for petrochemicals is on the rise. For instance, in Asia Pacific, the market is expected to grow at a robust pace due to the increasing demand for polymers and other petrochemical products in the region. According to a study, the Asia Pacific market is projected to account for over 40% of the global market share by 2025.

What will be the Size of the Naphtha Market during the forecast period?

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How is the Naphtha Market Segmented and what are the key trends of market segmentation?

The naphtha industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Type

  Heavy naphtha
  Light naphtha


Application

  Chemicals
  Energy/fuel
  Others


Process

  Refining
  Steam Cracking


End-use Industry

  Chemical
  Energy
  Transportation


Geography

  North America

    US
    Canada


  Europe

    France
    Germany
    Italy
    UK


  Middle East and Africa

    Egypt
    KSA
    Oman
    UAE


  APAC

    China
    India
    Japan


  South America

    Argentina
    Brazil


  Rest of World (ROW)

By Type Insights

The heavy naphtha segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

Heavy naphtha, an aliphatic-aromatic hydrocarbon mixture, has emerged as a crucial component in the global refining industry. In 2024, the industrial demand for heavy naphtha witnessed a notable surge, driven by its extensive applications in various sectors. Heavy naphtha plays a pivotal role in the chemical synthesis process, serving as a primary feedstock for producing petrochemicals. These petrochemicals include plastics, synthetic rubbers, and resins, which are integral to numerous industries such as automotive, construction, and packaging. Additionally, heavy naphtha is a vital ingredient in refinery processes, contributing to the production of gasoline and other fuel products. Moreover, the rise of shale gas extraction has fueled the demand for heavy naphtha as a diluent for crude oil transportation.

This application is particularly significant in the context of crude oil refining, where heavy naphtha's low viscosity and high flash point make it an ideal solvent for enhancing the flow properties of crude oil. The versatility of heavy naphtha extends beyond its industrial applications. It is also employed as a solvent in various processes, including solvent extraction, odor detection, and paint thinner production. In the realm of safety data sheets, heavy naphtha's flammability rating and handling procedures are essential considerations for ensuring safe storage conditions. As the market for heavy naphtha continues to evolve, process optimization and yield improvement remain key priorities for industry players.

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The Heavy naphtha segment was valued at USD 132.60 billion in 2019 and showed a gradual increase during the forecast period.

Quality control measures and regulatory compliance are also essential, as

A dataset of official CO2 emissions (g/km), fuel economy (MPG), and BIK prices for cars by type, make, and model.

Snapshot img

Biofuels Market Size 2025-2029

The biofuels market size is forecast to increase by USD 32.6 billion at a CAGR of 3.8% between 2024 and 2029.

The market is experiencing significant growth due to the increasing adoption of renewable energy sources as a response to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Key biofuels include those derived from corn, sugarcane, vegetable oil, and biomass. This shift towards sustainable energy solutions is being fueled by both environmental concerns and regulatory mandates. However, market expansion is not without challenges. Fluctuations in oil prices pose a significant threat to the competitiveness of biofuels, as they can impact the cost-effectiveness of production. Additionally, regulatory hurdles impact adoption, particularly in regards to the approval and implementation of new biofuel technologies and standards.
Supply chain inconsistencies, including the availability and cost of raw materials, also temper growth potential. Companies seeking to capitalize on market opportunities must navigate these challenges effectively, focusing on innovation, cost reduction, and regulatory compliance. By doing so, they can position themselves as leaders in the rapidly evolving biofuels landscape.

What will be the Size of the Biofuels Market during the forecast period?

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The market is experiencing dynamic shifts driven by environmental concerns, regulatory frameworks, and technological advancements. Biofuel environmental impact is a critical factor influencing consumer awareness and public perception. Regulatory environments, such as renewable fuel mandates, shape the market landscape and drive investment opportunities in advanced biofuels like cellulosic ethanol. Biofuel lifecycle analysis and sustainability are key considerations for biofuel certification and consumer acceptance. Sustainable aviation fuel and drop-in fuels are gaining traction due to their reduced carbon footprint and compatibility with existing infrastructure. Biomass conversion and feedstock supply chain are essential components of the biofuel industry, with innovation ecosystems fostering breakthroughs in biofuel technology and biomass utilization.
Biofuel adoption rates are influenced by cost competitiveness and blending ratios, while infrastructure development and industry consolidation shape market penetration. Biofuel standards and certification play a crucial role in ensuring transparency and trust in the market. Social impact assessments and continuous innovation are essential for addressing challenges and seizing opportunities in the evolving biofuels landscape. Biofuels are derived from renewable sources, including plants, algae, and organic waste, and are utilized to fuel various vehicles, such as cars, trucks, ships, and airplanes. The market's expansion is driven by environmental regulations, the need for GHG reductions, and energy security concerns. Key biofuels include ethanol, biodiesel, renewable diesel, hydrogenated oil, biojet, and sustainable aviation fuel. Feedstocks for biofuel production include vegetable oil, molasses, coarse grain, sugar crops, and biomass, among others.

How is this Biofuels Industry segmented?

The biofuels industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Application

  Transportation
  Aviation
  Heating
  Energy generation
  Others


Product

  Ethanol
  Biodiesel


Material

  Starch crops and sugar crops
  Agricultural residues
  Oil crops
  Waste oils and fats
  Algae and non-food crops


Geography

  North America

    US
    Canada


  Europe

    France
    Germany
    UK


  APAC

    China
    India
    Indonesia


  South America

    Argentina
    Brazil


  Rest of World (ROW)

By Application Insights

The transportation segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

The transportation market has witnessed substantial expansion in the last decade, fueled by growing concerns over climate change, the imperative to decrease greenhouse gas emissions, and the pursuit of energy security. Governments worldwide have enacted regulations and policies to encourage biofuel adoption, contributing to market growth. Biofuels, derived from renewable sources such as plants, algae, and organic waste, are used to power various vehicles, including automobiles, heavy-duty trucks, ships, and aircraft. These alternative fuels offer improved fuel efficiency, reduced carbon emissions, and contribute to a low-carbon economy and circular economy. Biofuel production processes include the conversion of waste biomass into bioethanol, biodiesel, renewable diesel, biojet fuel, and other advanced biofuels.

The industrial sector and agricultural sector are significant con