Based on preliminary results in 2023, the share of individuals in the Philippines with income below the poverty threshold was estimated at 15.5 percent, down from the estimate in 2021. In that year, the average per capita food threshold reached 23,000 Philippine pesos.

Based on preliminary results in 2023, the proportion of families in the Philippines with income below the poverty threshold was estimated at **** percent, lower than the estimate for 2018. In that year, the average per capita food threshold reached ****** Philippine pesos.

Actual value and historical data chart for Philippines Poverty Headcount Ratio At National Poverty Line Percent Of Population

Philippines Incidence of Poor Families: CALABARZON data was reported at 6.700 % in 2015. This records a decrease from the previous number of 8.300 % for 2012. Philippines Incidence of Poor Families: CALABARZON data is updated yearly, averaging 8.800 % from Dec 1991 (Median) to 2015, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 19.100 % in 1991 and a record low of 6.700 % in 2015. Philippines Incidence of Poor Families: CALABARZON data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Philippine Statistics Authority. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Philippines – Table PH.H025: Family Income and Expenditure Survey: Poverty Statistics and Proportion of Poor Population: By Regions.

Preliminary estimates for 2023 show that the region of Zamboanga Peninsula had the highest poverty incidence among families in the Philippines at 24.2 percent. In comparison, the National Capital Region (NCR) had the lowest poverty incidence among families during this period. Overall, the total poverty incidence of families in the Philippines was 10.9 percent.

Philippines Incidence of Poor Population: Northern Mindanao data was reported at 36.600 % in 2015. This records a decrease from the previous number of 39.500 % for 2012. Philippines Incidence of Poor Population: Northern Mindanao data is updated yearly, averaging 41.950 % from Dec 1988 (Median) to 2015, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 54.100 % in 1994 and a record low of 36.600 % in 2015. Philippines Incidence of Poor Population: Northern Mindanao data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Philippine Statistics Authority. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Philippines – Table PH.H025: Family Income and Expenditure Survey: Poverty Statistics and Proportion of Poor Population: By Regions.

Philippines PH: Survey Mean Consumption or Income per Capita: Total Population: Annualized Average Growth Rate data was reported at 1.380 % in 2015. Philippines PH: Survey Mean Consumption or Income per Capita: Total Population: Annualized Average Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 1.380 % from Dec 2015 (Median) to 2015, with 1 observations. Philippines PH: Survey Mean Consumption or Income per Capita: Total Population: Annualized Average Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Philippines – Table PH.World Bank: Poverty. The growth rate in the welfare aggregate of the total population is computed as the annualized average growth rate in per capita real consumption or income of the total population in the income distribution in a country from household surveys over a roughly 5-year period. Mean per capita real consumption or income is measured at 2011 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) using the PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet). For some countries means are not reported due to grouped and/or confidential data. The annualized growth rate is computed as (Mean in final year/Mean in initial year)^(1/(Final year - Initial year)) - 1. The reference year is the year in which the underlying household survey data was collected. In cases for which the data collection period bridged two calendar years, the first year in which data were collected is reported. The initial year refers to the nearest survey collected 5 years before the most recent survey available, only surveys collected between 3 and 7 years before the most recent survey are considered. The final year refers to the most recent survey available between 2011 and 2015. Growth rates for Iraq are based on survey means of 2005 PPP$. The coverage and quality of the 2011 PPP price data for Iraq and most other North African and Middle Eastern countries were hindered by the exceptional period of instability they faced at the time of the 2011 exercise of the International Comparison Program. See PovcalNet for detailed explanations.; ; World Bank, Global Database of Shared Prosperity (GDSP) circa 2010-2015 (http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/brief/global-database-of-shared-prosperity).; ; The comparability of welfare aggregates (consumption or income) for the chosen years T0 and T1 is assessed for every country. If comparability across the two surveys is a major concern for a country, the selection criteria are re-applied to select the next best survey year(s). Annualized growth rates are calculated between the survey years, using a compound growth formula. The survey years defining the period for which growth rates are calculated and the type of welfare aggregate used to calculate the growth rates are noted in the footnotes.

The poverty incidence among farmers in the Philippines was at **** percent in 2023, indicating a decrease from the previous year. The share of farmers belonging to families living below the official poverty threshold declined since 2015.

In 2023, a family of five in the Philippines had a poverty threshold of a little 13,873 Philippine pesos per month. That was higher than the monthly poverty threshold in 2018, which amounted to around about 12,000 Philippine pesos.

Poverty Incidence is the proportion of individuals with per capita income less than the poverty thresholds. Data on poverty is compiled by the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) which is made available every three (3) years. The main source of data used in coming out of the poverty estimates are the triennial Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES), quarterly Labour Force Survey (LFS) and Consumer Price Index (CPI), and the Annual Poverty Indicator Survey (APIS).

Philippines Per Capita Poverty Threshold: Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) data was reported at 21,770.000 PHP in 2015. This records an increase from the previous number of 19,483.000 PHP for 2012. Philippines Per Capita Poverty Threshold: Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) data is updated yearly, averaging 13,471.500 PHP from Dec 1988 (Median) to 2015, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 21,770.000 PHP in 2015 and a record low of 5,116.000 PHP in 1988. Philippines Per Capita Poverty Threshold: Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Philippine Statistics Authority. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Philippines – Table PH.H025: Family Income and Expenditure Survey: Poverty Statistics and Proportion of Poor Population: By Regions.

Abstract

The 2008 Annual Poverty Indicators Survey (APIS) is conducted by the National Statistics Office (NSO) as a rider to the July 2008 Labor Force Survey (LFS). The 2008 APIS is the sixth in the series of annual poverty indicators surveys conducted nationwide. Since 1998, APIS has been conducted during the years when the Family Income and Expenditures Survey (FIES) is not conducted, except in 2001 and 2005 due to budgetary constraints.

The APIS is a nationwide survey designed to provide non-income indicators related to poverty at the national and regional levels. It is designed to gather data on the socio-economic profile of families and other information that are related to their living conditions. Specifically, it generates indicators which are correlated with poverty, such as indicators regarding the ownership or possession of house and lot, the types of the materials of the roofs and walls of their housing units, their access to safe water, the types of toilet facility they use in their homes, and presence of family members of specified characteristics such as children 6-12 years old enrolled in elementary, children 13-16 years old enrolled in high school, members 18 years old and over gainfully employed, working children 5-17 years old and family members with membership in any health, life and/or pre-need insurance system.

The APIS is being undertaken by the National Statistics Office as mandataed by Commonwealth Act 591 which authorizes the then Bureau of the Census and Statistics, now NSO, "to conduct by enumeration, sampling or other methods, for statistical purposes, studies of the social and economic situation of the country" and in consonance with the provision of Executive Order 121 which designated the office as the "major statistical agency responsible for generating general purpose statistics.

Geographic coverage

National Coverage Seventeen (17) Administrative Regions: National Capital Region (NCR) Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) I - Ilocos II - Cagayan Valley III - Central Luzon IVA - CALABARZON IVB - MIMAROPA V - Bicol VI - Western Visayas VII - Central Visayas VIII - Eastern Visayas IX - Zamboanga Peninsula X - Northern Mindanao XI - Davao XII - SOCCSKSARGEN XIII - Caraga Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM)

Analysis unit

Households

Universe

The survey covered all households.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The 2008 APIS is a sample survey designed to provide data representative of the country and its 17 administrative regions. The survey's sample design helps ensure this representativeness. The 2008 APIS used the 2003 master sample created for household surveys on the basis of the 2000 Census of Population and Housing (CPH) results. The survey used four replicates of the master sample. For each region (domain) and stratum, a three-stage sampling scheme was used: the selection of primary sampling units (PSUs) for the first stage, of sample enumeration areas (EAs) for the second stage, and of sample housing units for the third stage. PSUs within a region were stratified based on the proportion of households living in housing units made of strong materials, proportion of households in the barangay engaged in agricultural activities and per capita income of the city/municipality.

As earlier mentioned, a three-stage sampling design was used in each stratum within a region. In the first stage, primary sampling units (PSUs) were selected with probability proportional to the number of households in the 2000 Census. PSUs consisted of a barangay or a group of contiguous barangays. In the second stage, in each sampled PSU, EAs were selected with probability proportional to the number of households in the 2000 Census. An EA is defined as an area with discernable boundaries consisting of approximately 350 contiguous households. In the third stage, from each sampled EA, housing units were selected using systematic sampling. For operational considerations, at most 30 housing units were selected per sample EA. All households in sample housing units were interviewed except for sample housing units with more than three households. In such a housing unit, three households were randomly selected with equal probability.

The 2008 APIS was conducted simultaneously with the July 2008 Labor Force Survey (LFS). All sample households of the July 2008 LFS were interviewed for the 2008 APIS. Only household members related to the household head by blood, marriage or adoption were considered as members of the sample household in APIS. Family members of the household head who are working abroad were excluded.

Sampling deviation

NA

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Although questions on 'Changes in Welfare' were dropped and some items were modified for the 2008 APIS, most of the questions/items in the previous APISs were retained as requested by data users. Nine items were added in order to generate data that will be more useful in assessing the poverty situation in the country. The new questionnaire for the 2008 contains the abridged version of the module on entrepreneurial activities resulting to the reduction of the number of pages from 24 to 12. The decision to use the abridged version was based on the results of the study entitled “Redesigning APIS as a Poverty Monitoring Tool” undertaken by the Demographic and Social Statistics Division in 2006. The redesigned questionnaire produced results which are not statistically different from results based on the original design in 2004. The use of the redesigned questionnaire is also cost-efficient.

A round table discussion was held for the 2008 APIS before the conduct of the pretest. The redesigned APIS questionnaire based from the project's output was presented. It was agreed upon during this meeting to adopt the redesigned APIS for this round of APIS, with the addition of item on 'Hunger'.

Cleaning operations

Flow of Processing Activity

In order to implement a systematic flow of the processing activities and reduce the movement of questionnaires from one employee to another, the same processor performed the following specific activities for the same folio. 1. General screening; 2. Editing and coding of APIS questionnaires and computations of totals ; and 3. General review of edited APIS questionnaire.

Folioing

To facilitate handling during manual and machine processing, APIS questionnaires were folioed in the Provincial Office before the start of manual processing.

The APIS questionnaires for one sample barangay/EA contained in the folio was arranged consecutively according to the sample housing serial number (SHSN) from lowest to highest.

General Screening

General screening was done by going over the submitted accomplished questionnaires and checking for the completeness of the geographic identification and other information called for in the cover page.

General screening for APIS questionnaires was done to ensure that the geographic and household identification and the entire sample households are the same with the MS Form 6.

General Instructions on Manual Processing

The following instructions was observed in manual processing.

1. Prior to editing and coding of items, the questionnaires were checked if they were properly folioed. Folioing was done in the province. Regional Offices checked if folioing was done properly by the Provincial Offices.

2. All questionnaires for one folio was assigned to only one editor/coder, unless otherwise necessary (e.g., when the one who is processing a folio is absent for more than a day).

3. In general, the editors assumed that the original entries are correct. Editing was done only when an entry is obviously incorrect. A doubtful or inconsistent item was verified in the field.

Response rate

Of the 43,020 eligible sample households for the 2008 APIS, 40,613 were successfully interviewed. This translated to a response rate of 94.4 percent at the national level. Households which were not interviewed either refused to be interviewed or were not available or were away during the enumeration period.

Sampling error estimates

Sampling errors have been calculated for the following variables: 1) Percentage of Families with Own or Ownerlike Possession of House and Lot they Occupy 2) Percentage of Families Living in Houses with Roof Made of Strong Materials 3) Percentage of Families Living in Houses with Outer Walls Made of Strong Materials 4) Percentage of Families with Electricity in the Building/House They Reside in 5) Percentage of Families with Access to Safe Water Supply 6) Percentage of Families with Sanitary Toilet 7) Percentage of Families with Children 6-12 Years Old in Elementary Grades 8) Percentage of Families with Children 13-16 Years Old in High School 9) Percentage of Families with Members 18 Years Old and Over Gainfully Employed 10) Percentage of Families with Working Children 5-17 Years Old 11) Average Family Income 12) Average Family Expenditure

Data appraisal

A series of data quality tables were generated to review the quality of the data and include the following: - Age distribution of the household population - Highest grade completed versus current grade - Highest grade completed versus age - Current grade versus age - Reason for not attending school versus highest grade completed - Reason for not attending school versus current grade - Marital status versus age - Consistency of income vs. expenditure

Philippines Per Capita Poverty Threshold: CALABARZON data was reported at 22,121.000 PHP in 2015. This records an increase from the previous number of 19,137.000 PHP for 2012. Philippines Per Capita Poverty Threshold: CALABARZON data is updated yearly, averaging 13,670.000 PHP from Dec 1991 (Median) to 2015, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 22,121.000 PHP in 2015 and a record low of 6,409.000 PHP in 1991. Philippines Per Capita Poverty Threshold: CALABARZON data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Philippine Statistics Authority. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Philippines – Table PH.H025: Family Income and Expenditure Survey: Poverty Statistics and Proportion of Poor Population: By Regions.

City and municipal-level poverty estimates for 2012, 2009, and 2006

2012 City and Municipal-Level Small Area Poverty Estimates

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority, through a national government funded project on the generation of the 2012 small area estimates on poverty
http://www.nscb.gov.ph/announce/2014/PSA-NSCB_2012MunCity_Pov.asp
Note: Region V, Sorsogon, Bacon is in 2006 and 2009 data but not the 2012 data. According to Wikipedia, Sorgoson City was formed by merging the Bacon and Sorsogon towns.

City and Municipal-Level Poverty Estimates; 2006 and 2009

Source: NSCB/World Bank/AusAID Project on the Generation of the 2006 and 2009 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates
http://www.nscb.gov.ph/poverty/dataCharts.asp
PDF download
Note: The 2009 city and municipal level poverty estimates for ARMM were revised to reflect on the movement/creation of municipalities and barangays which were not considered in the preliminary estimation of the 2009 city and municipal level poverty estimates published in the NSCB website last 03 August 2013.

Column Header / Description

• Prelim_*year* / Preliminary (indicated by "TRUE" or "FALSE")
• Pov_*year* / Poverty Incidence
• SE_*year* / Standard Error
• CoV_*year* / Coefficient of Variation
• Con_90lower_*year* / 90% Confidence Interval Lower Limit
• Con_90upper_*year* / 90% Confidence Interval Upper Limit

In 2023, a family of five in the Philippines had an estimated food threshold of about 9,581 Philippine pesos per month. That was higher than the monthly poverty threshold in 2015.

Philippines PH: Survey Mean Consumption or Income per Capita: Bottom 40% of Population: Annualized Average Growth Rate data was reported at 2.430 % in 2015. Philippines PH: Survey Mean Consumption or Income per Capita: Bottom 40% of Population: Annualized Average Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 2.430 % from Dec 2015 (Median) to 2015, with 1 observations. Philippines PH: Survey Mean Consumption or Income per Capita: Bottom 40% of Population: Annualized Average Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Philippines – Table PH.World Bank.WDI: Poverty. The growth rate in the welfare aggregate of the bottom 40% is computed as the annualized average growth rate in per capita real consumption or income of the bottom 40% of the population in the income distribution in a country from household surveys over a roughly 5-year period. Mean per capita real consumption or income is measured at 2011 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) using the PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet). For some countries means are not reported due to grouped and/or confidential data. The annualized growth rate is computed as (Mean in final year/Mean in initial year)^(1/(Final year - Initial year)) - 1. The reference year is the year in which the underlying household survey data was collected. In cases for which the data collection period bridged two calendar years, the first year in which data were collected is reported. The initial year refers to the nearest survey collected 5 years before the most recent survey available, only surveys collected between 3 and 7 years before the most recent survey are considered. The final year refers to the most recent survey available between 2011 and 2015. Growth rates for Iraq are based on survey means of 2005 PPP$. The coverage and quality of the 2011 PPP price data for Iraq and most other North African and Middle Eastern countries were hindered by the exceptional period of instability they faced at the time of the 2011 exercise of the International Comparison Program. See PovcalNet for detailed explanations.; ; World Bank, Global Database of Shared Prosperity (GDSP) circa 2010-2015 (http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/brief/global-database-of-shared-prosperity).; ; The comparability of welfare aggregates (consumption or income) for the chosen years T0 and T1 is assessed for every country. If comparability across the two surveys is a major concern for a country, the selection criteria are re-applied to select the next best survey year(s). Annualized growth rates are calculated between the survey years, using a compound growth formula. The survey years defining the period for which growth rates are calculated and the type of welfare aggregate used to calculate the growth rates are noted in the footnotes.

Philippines Per Capita Poverty Threshold: Cagayan Valley data was reported at 21,860.000 PHP in 2015. This records an increase from the previous number of 19,125.000 PHP for 2012. Philippines Per Capita Poverty Threshold: Cagayan Valley data is updated yearly, averaging 10,739.000 PHP from Dec 1988 (Median) to 2015, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 21,860.000 PHP in 2015 and a record low of 4,573.000 PHP in 1988. Philippines Per Capita Poverty Threshold: Cagayan Valley data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Philippine Statistics Authority. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Philippines – Table PH.H025: Family Income and Expenditure Survey: Poverty Statistics and Proportion of Poor Population: By Regions.

Abstract

This study is an impact evaluation of the KALAHI-CIDSS (KC) program. The impact evaluation's key research questions can be divided into the following four themes:

1. Socio-Economic Effects: Does KC increase household consumption? Does KC increase labor force participation?
2. Governance Effects: Does KC increase government leader responsiveness to community needs? Does KC reduce corruption and increase transparency?
3. Community Empowerment Effects: Does KC increase participation in local governance? Does KC increase collective action and contribution to local public goods?
4. Social Capital Effects: Does KC build groups and networks? In what ways are these networks applied? Does KC enhance trust?

In order to isolate KC's effects, a randomized control trial evaluation design was chosen. The impact evaluation sample consists of 198 municipalities (with 33 to 69 percent poverty incidence), spread over 26 provinces and 12 regions. The 198 municipalities were paired based on similar characteristics (99 pairs) and then randomly assigned into treatment and control groups through public lotteries. The sample size is large enough to be able to detect MCC's projected eight percent change in household income as well as other smaller effects. As part of the impact evaluation, baseline quantitative data were collected in the study area from April to July 2012. The quantitative data came from 5,940 household surveys in 198 barangays (one from each municipality) and 198 barangay surveys implemented in these same barangays

Geographic coverage

National coverage: The sample consists of 5,940 households in 198 barangays in 198 municipalities in 26 provinces in 12 regions. The sample is representative of the KALAHI-CIDSS target population across the nation.

Analysis unit

Individuals, households, community

Universe

The study population consists of barangays (villages) from the Philippines' poorest provinces. Survey respondent were barangay captains (village captains) and randomly selected households (30 randomly selected per barangay) from the sample of 198 barangays (villages).

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The impact evaluation focuses on municipalities with between 33-69% poverty incidence. A total of 198 eligible municipalities were matched on poverty incidence, population, land area, and number of barangays. The paired municipalities were then randomly assigned into treatment and control groups through public lotteries. This resulted in the final sample of 198 municipalities (when determining the number of treatment and control municipalities, we used sample size of 30 households per municipality, ensuring an 8% (positive) change in income would be detectable at 95% significance and 80% power). The large number of municipalities included in the evaluation will provide a sufficient level of precision to estimate KC's impacts nationwide in municipalities with a poverty incidence between 33-69%. One barangay within each of the 198 municipalities participating in the evaluation was randomly chosen, with a weighted probability favoring barangays with the highest poverty rates. Within each municipality, IPA divided barangays into quintiles based on poverty and dropped the quintile with the lowest poverty incidence. For each municipality, the barangay to be surveyed for the sample was then randomly selected from the remaining barangays. Within each barangay, 30 households were randomly selected from among all households to comprise the household surveyed sample.

Sampling deviation

N/A

Research instrument

The baseline study included a barangay (village) questionnaire and a household questionnaire implemented in the following four different languages: Tagalog, Bisaya, Cebuano, llongo and llocano.

1. Household questionnaire: This questionnaire was composed of modules on education, labor income sources, household assets and amenities, expenditures, social networks, and other topics.

2. Barangay questionnaire: The barangay captains (village leaders were the principal respondents. The questionnaire collected data on the barangay's development projects, budget, demographics, the relationship between the existing barangay captain and its previous leadership, and other topics.

Cleaning operations

In the field, the field supervisor and data editor checked the questionnaires before the first data entry. The survey firm then conducted the second data entry in the main office and then checked the discrepancies between the first and the second data entry. The data cleaning process implemented by the survey firm included the following: 1. Naming and labelling the data 2. Checking the unique identifiers 3. Range checks and setting variable bounds 4. Check skip patterns and misisng data 5. Check logical consistency 6. Standardize string variable coding

After receiving the clean datasets from the survey firm, IPA conducted a second stage of data cleaning needed to construct variables for the analysis. This process involved carefully creating, summarizing and cross-checking key indicators.

Response rate

100 percent

Sampling error estimates

N/A

Based on preliminary results in 2023, it was estimated that there were about 4.84 million food poor people in the Philippines, indicating a decrease from 6.55 million in 2021. In that year, the average per capita food threshold reached 23,000 Philippine pesos.

In March 2022 the World Bank Sustainability and Social Inclusion (SSI) team carried out a case study of the social impacts of climate change in four high-risk municipalities in the Philippines: Guiuan and Salcedo in Eastern Samar and General Luna and San Francisco in Surigao del Norte. The four municipalities are all hotspots characterized by high climate risk and high poverty rates. Specifically, they are located on the eastern seaboard facing the Pacific Ocean, an area which is often hit by typhoons. They are among the poorest municipalities in the country with an averagepoverty incidence of 40 percent. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with one barangay from each of the municipalities as well as municipal government officials and representatives. A detailed concept note on methodology and FGD questionnaire is included in annex A. Full reports for each of the four municipalities can be found in annex B.