Graph and download economic data for Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Rent of Primary Residence in U.S. City Average (CUUR0000SEHA) from Dec 1914 to May 2025 about primary, rent, urban, consumer, CPI, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

One of the main factors driving high rents across European cities is the same as any other consumer-driven business. If demand outweighs supply, prices will inflate. The drive for high paid professionals to be located centrally in prime locations, mixed with the low levels of available space, high land, and construction costs, all keep rental prices increasing. Renting in European cities In 2025, Munich was the most expensive city to rent a furnished studio among the 23 cities surveyed. At ***** euros per month, renting a studio in Munich cost nearly twice the price of a studio in Athens. For one-bedroom apartments or a furnished private room, the most expensive city was Amsterdam. Homeownership in Europe In many European countries owning your home is more commonplace than renting – for instance, in Romania, the homeownership rate is over ** percent. In the UK, affordability of housing is one of the leading housing concerns, with the majority of adults agreeing that first-time buyers getting on a property ladder is a very or somewhat serious problem.

Displacement risk indicator classifying census tracts according to apartment rent prices in census tracts. We classify apartment rent along two dimensions:The median rents within the census tract for the specified year, balancing between nominal rental price and rental price per square foot.The change in median rent price (again balanced between nominal rent price and price per square foot) from the previous year.Note: Median rent calculations include market-rate and mixed-income multifamily apartment properties with 5 or more rental units in Seattle, excluding special types like student, senior, corporate or military housing.Source: Data from CoStar Group, www.costar.com, prepared by City of Seattle, Office of Planning and Community Development

The average monthly rent of apartments in Florida increased substantially in 2021, followed by two years of slight decrease. As of May 2024, the average rent of a two-bedroom apartment in Florida cost 1,557 U.S. dollars, which was an increase of 400 U.S. dollars from May 2020 when prices started to rise.

VITAL SIGNS INDICATOR List Rents (EC9)

FULL MEASURE NAME List Rents

LAST UPDATED October 2016

DESCRIPTION List rent refers to the advertised rents for available rental housing and serves as a measure of housing costs for new households moving into a neighborhood, city, county or region.

DATA SOURCE real Answers (1994 – 2015) no link

Zillow Metro Median Listing Price All Homes (2010-2016) http://www.zillow.com/research/data/

CONTACT INFORMATION vitalsigns.info@mtc.ca.gov

METHODOLOGY NOTES (across all datasets for this indicator) List rents data reflects median rent prices advertised for available apartments rather than median rent payments; more information is available in the indicator definition above. Regional and local geographies rely on data collected by real Answers, a research organization and database publisher specializing in the multifamily housing market. real Answers focuses on collecting longitudinal data for individual rental properties through quarterly surveys. For the Bay Area, their database is comprised of properties with 40 to 3,000+ housing units. Median list prices most likely have an upward bias due to the exclusion of smaller properties. The bias may be most extreme in geographies where large rental properties represent a small portion of the overall rental market. A map of the individual properties surveyed is included in the Local Focus section.

Individual properties surveyed provided lower- and upper-bound ranges for the various types of housing available (studio, 1 bedroom, 2 bedroom, etc.). Median lower- and upper-bound prices are determined across all housing types for the regional and county geographies. The median list price represented in Vital Signs is the average of the median lower- and upper-bound prices for the region and counties. Median upper-bound prices are determined across all housing types for the city geographies. The median list price represented in Vital Signs is the median upper-bound price for cities. For simplicity, only the mean list rent is displayed for the individual properties. The metro areas geography rely upon Zillow data, which is the median price for rentals listed through www.zillow.com during the month. Like the real Answers data, Zillow's median list prices most likely have an upward bias since small properties are underrepresented in Zillow's listings. The metro area data for the Bay Area cannot be compared to the regional Bay Area data. Due to afore mentioned data limitations, this data is suitable for analyzing the change in list rents over time but not necessarily comparisons of absolute list rents. Metro area boundaries reflects today’s metro area definitions by county for consistency, rather than historical metro area boundaries.

Due to the limited number of rental properties surveyed, city-level data is unavailable for Atherton, Belvedere, Brisbane, Calistoga, Clayton, Cloverdale, Cotati, Fairfax, Half Moon Bay, Healdsburg, Hillsborough, Los Altos Hills, Monte Sereno, Moranga, Oakley, Orinda, Portola Valley, Rio Vista, Ross, San Anselmo, San Carlos, Saratoga, Sebastopol, Windsor, Woodside, and Yountville.

Inflation-adjusted data are presented to illustrate how rents have grown relative to overall price increases; that said, the use of the Consumer Price Index does create some challenges given the fact that housing represents a major chunk of consumer goods bundle used to calculate CPI. This reflects a methodological tradeoff between precision and accuracy and is a common concern when working with any commodity that is a major component of CPI itself. Percent change in inflation-adjusted median is calculated with respect to the median price from the fourth quarter or December of the base year.

The average monthly rent for all apartment types in the U.S. soared in 2021 and 2022, followed by a slight decline in the next two years. In April 2025, the monthly rent for a two-bedroom apartment amounting to ***** U.S. dollars. That was an increase from ***** U.S. dollars in January 2021, but a decline from the peak value of ***** U.S. dollars in August 2022. Where are the most expensive apartments in the U.S.? Apartment rents vary widely from state to state. To afford a two-bedroom apartment in California, for example, a renter needed to earn an average hourly wage of nearly ** U.S. dollars, which was approximately double the average wage in North Carolina and three times as much as the average wage in Arkansas. In fact, rental costs were considerably higher than the hourly minimum wage in all U.S. states. How did rents change in different states in the U.S.? In 2024, some of the most expensive states to rent an apartment only saw a moderate increase in rental prices. Nevertheless, rents increased in most states as of April 2025. In West Virginia, the annual rental growth was the highest, at ***** percent.

Apartment rents in two states and the District of Columbia in the U.S. exceeded ***** U.S. dollars in April 2025. In Hawaii, the median rent was about ***** U.S. dollars, nearly *** U.S. dollars higher than the national average. At the other end of the spectrum was Nebraska, where renters paid about ***** U.S. dollars for the median new lease. Overall, most states saw rental rates increase year-on-year.

Rental Prices: Avg: Central District: up to 2 rooms data was reported at 3,273.500 ILS in Dec 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 3,203.700 ILS for Sep 2024. Rental Prices: Avg: Central District: up to 2 rooms data is updated quarterly, averaging 2,840.600 ILS from Mar 2017 (Median) to Dec 2024, with 32 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3,273.500 ILS in Dec 2024 and a record low of 2,574.800 ILS in Mar 2017. Rental Prices: Avg: Central District: up to 2 rooms data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Israel – Table IL.EB009: Average Rental Price: Dwellings.

Rental Prices: Avg: Holon: 3.5 to 4 rooms data was reported at 5,234.400 ILS in Dec 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 5,173.100 ILS for Sep 2024. Rental Prices: Avg: Holon: 3.5 to 4 rooms data is updated quarterly, averaging 4,667.950 ILS from Mar 2017 (Median) to Dec 2024, with 32 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5,234.400 ILS in Dec 2024 and a record low of 4,135.699 ILS in Mar 2017. Rental Prices: Avg: Holon: 3.5 to 4 rooms data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Israel – Table IL.EB009: Average Rental Price: Dwellings.

Rental Prices: Avg: Bat Yam: up to 2 rooms data was reported at 3,400.900 ILS in Dec 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 3,365.200 ILS for Sep 2024. Rental Prices: Avg: Bat Yam: up to 2 rooms data is updated quarterly, averaging 3,003.850 ILS from Mar 2017 (Median) to Dec 2024, with 32 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3,400.900 ILS in Dec 2024 and a record low of 2,694.400 ILS in Jun 2017. Rental Prices: Avg: Bat Yam: up to 2 rooms data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Israel – Table IL.EB009: Average Rental Price: Dwellings.

Rental Prices: Avg: Southern District data was reported at 3,449.500 ILS in Dec 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 3,417.300 ILS for Sep 2024. Rental Prices: Avg: Southern District data is updated quarterly, averaging 2,950.100 ILS from Mar 2017 (Median) to Dec 2024, with 32 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3,449.500 ILS in Dec 2024 and a record low of 2,579.000 ILS in Mar 2017. Rental Prices: Avg: Southern District data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Israel – Table IL.EB009: Average Rental Price: Dwellings.

In District of Columbia, the average rent per square foot was 2.95 U.S. dollars in 2018, whereas renters in Oregon were expected to pay half as much in rent per square foot. DC was the most expensive state for renters, followed by New York, Hawaii, Massachusetts and California.

Why is DC so expensive?

District of Columbia is the center of the U.S. political system with all three branches of federal government sitting there: Congress (legislative), President (executive) and the Supreme Court (judicial). The above average household incomes of its residents mean that high rents are still sustainable for the rental market.

Limited space in DC

DC has the largest share of apartment dwellers in the country. This is most likely due to limited space, as the federal district has a much higher population density than the states. The political importance of DC and the high population density suggest that the federal district is likely to retain its spot as the most expensive rental market in the future.

VITAL SIGNS INDICATOR
Rent Payments (EC8)

FULL MEASURE NAME
Median rent payment

LAST UPDATED
January 2023

DESCRIPTION
Rent payments refer to the cost of leasing an apartment or home and serves as a measure of housing costs for individuals who do not own a home. The data reflect the median monthly rent paid by Bay Area households across apartments and homes of various sizes and various levels of quality. This differs from advertised rents for available apartments, which usually are higher. Note that rent can be presented using nominal or real (inflation-adjusted) dollar values; data are presented inflation-adjusted to reflect changes in household purchasing power over time.

DATA SOURCE
U.S. Census Bureau: Decennial Census - https://nhgis.org
Count 2 (1970)
Form STF1 (1980-1990)
Form SF3a (2000)

U.S. Census Bureau: American Community Survey - https://data.census.gov/
Form B25058 (2005-2021; median contract rent)

Bureau of Labor Statistics: Consumer Price Index - https://www.bls.gov/data/
1970-2021

CONTACT INFORMATION
vitalsigns.info@mtc.ca.gov

METHODOLOGY NOTES (across all datasets for this indicator)
Rent data reflects median rent payments rather than list rents (refer to measure definition above). American Community Survey 1-year data is used for larger geographies – Bay counties and most metropolitan area counties – while smaller geographies rely upon 5-year rolling average data due to their smaller sample sizes. Note that 2020 data uses the 5-year estimates because the ACS did not collect 1-year data for 2020.

1970 Census data for median rent payments has been imputed from quintiles using methodology from California Department of Finance as the source data only provided the mean, rather than the median, monthly rent. Metro area boundaries reflects today’s metro area definitions by county for consistency, rather than historical metro area boundaries.

Inflation-adjusted data are presented to illustrate how rent payments have grown relative to overall price increases; that said, the use of the Consumer Price Index (CPI) does create some challenges given the fact that housing represents a major chunk of consumer goods bundle used to calculate CPI. This reflects a methodological tradeoff between precision and accuracy and is a common concern when working with any commodity that is a major component of CPI itself.

Israel Rental Prices: Avg: Rishon Lezion data was reported at 4,943.400 ILS in Dec 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 4,889.000 ILS for Sep 2024. Israel Rental Prices: Avg: Rishon Lezion data is updated quarterly, averaging 4,204.950 ILS from Mar 2017 (Median) to Dec 2024, with 32 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4,943.400 ILS in Dec 2024 and a record low of 3,832.571 ILS in Mar 2017. Israel Rental Prices: Avg: Rishon Lezion data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Israel – Table IL.EB009: Average Rental Price: Dwellings.

Amsterdam is set to maintain its position as Europe's most expensive city for apartment rentals in 2025, with median costs reaching 2,500 euros per month for a furnished one-bedroom unit. This figure is double the rent in Prague and significantly higher than other major European capitals like Paris, Berlin, and Madrid. The stark difference in rental costs across European cities reflects broader economic trends, housing policies, and the complex interplay between supply and demand in urban centers. Factors driving rental costs across Europe The disparity in rental prices across European cities can be attributed to various factors. In countries like Switzerland, Germany, and Austria, a higher proportion of the population lives in rental housing. This trend contributes to increased demand and potentially higher living costs in these nations. Conversely, many Eastern and Southern European countries have homeownership rates exceeding 90 percent, which may help keep rental prices lower in those regions. Housing affordability and market dynamics The relationship between housing prices and rental rates varies significantly across Europe. As of 2024, countries like Turkey, Iceland, Portugal, and Hungary had the highest house price to rent ratio indices. This indicates a widening gap between property values and rental costs since 2015. The affordability of homeownership versus renting differs greatly among European nations, with some countries experiencing rapid increases in property values that outpace rental growth. These market dynamics influence rental costs and contribute to the diverse rental landscape observed across European cities.

Israel Rental Prices: Avg: Ramat Gan data was reported at 5,574.100 ILS in Dec 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 5,518.900 ILS for Sep 2024. Israel Rental Prices: Avg: Ramat Gan data is updated quarterly, averaging 4,647.550 ILS from Mar 2017 (Median) to Dec 2024, with 32 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5,574.100 ILS in Dec 2024 and a record low of 4,206.662 ILS in Mar 2017. Israel Rental Prices: Avg: Ramat Gan data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Israel – Table IL.EB009: Average Rental Price: Dwellings.

Israel Rental Prices: Avg: Haifa District data was reported at 3,476.300 ILS in Dec 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 3,406.600 ILS for Sep 2024. Israel Rental Prices: Avg: Haifa District data is updated quarterly, averaging 2,870.000 ILS from Mar 2017 (Median) to Dec 2024, with 32 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3,476.300 ILS in Dec 2024 and a record low of 2,596.900 ILS in Mar 2017. Israel Rental Prices: Avg: Haifa District data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Israel – Table IL.EB009: Average Rental Price: Dwellings.

Rental Prices: Avg: Ashkelon: 4.5 to 6 rooms data was reported at 4,637.900 ILS in Dec 2024. This records a decrease from the previous number of 4,638.200 ILS for Sep 2024. Rental Prices: Avg: Ashkelon: 4.5 to 6 rooms data is updated quarterly, averaging 4,098.750 ILS from Mar 2017 (Median) to Dec 2024, with 32 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4,638.200 ILS in Sep 2024 and a record low of 3,599.706 ILS in Mar 2017. Rental Prices: Avg: Ashkelon: 4.5 to 6 rooms data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Israel – Table IL.EB009: Average Rental Price: Dwellings.

Israel Rental Prices: Avg: Netanya: 2.5 to 3 rooms data was reported at 3,898.100 ILS in Dec 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 3,865.200 ILS for Sep 2024. Israel Rental Prices: Avg: Netanya: 2.5 to 3 rooms data is updated quarterly, averaging 3,331.400 ILS from Mar 2017 (Median) to Dec 2024, with 32 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3,898.100 ILS in Dec 2024 and a record low of 3,034.995 ILS in Mar 2017. Israel Rental Prices: Avg: Netanya: 2.5 to 3 rooms data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Israel – Table IL.EB009: Average Rental Price: Dwellings.

In 2024, New York, NY, was the most expensive rental market for one-bedroom apartments in the United States. The median monthly rental rate of an apartment in New York was ***** U.S. dollars, while in San Francisco, CA which ranked second highest, renters paid on average ***** U.S. dollars.