The average per-employee spending on learning and development (L&D) worldwide increased steadily between 2008 and 2019, however fell slightly in 2020. This figure increased again in 2021, reaching almost 1,300 U.S. dollars per worker. There was then a 4.7 percent expenditure decrease in 2022.

Workplace learning and development
Learning and development (L&D), a crucial area of human resource management, is a process aimed at improving an employee’s skills, knowledge, and competency, so to achieve better performances in the workplace. Despite a decrease in 2020 because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the global market size of the workplace training industry increased considerably since 2009. North America alone accounted for almost half of the global market. The growing relevance of workplace training can also be inferred by the increase in the workplace learning hours for employees worldwide.

L&D promotes employee engagement
Employee engagement supports growth through a wide range of benefits, including higher productivity and profitability, and more satisfied customers. Overall, learning & development might help supporting employee engagement. Investing in learning shows employees that they are valued, which generally increases their motivation in the workplace. Employees’ support for L&D is suggested by the considerable share of young workers perceiving it as a useful method to find opportunities within the organization. Moreover, for an effective L&D implementation it is useful to consult employees about their expectations: according to a 2019 survey, half of employees worldwide felt the urge to improve their influencing and negotiating skills. Furthermore, the most popular learning method among employees worldwide was learning in a classroom with a group of colleagues.

In the U.S. training industry, the expenditure per learner in small companies, midsize companies, and large companies fluctuated between 2015 and 2023. In 2023, small companies, with between 100 and 999 employees, spent roughly 1,420 U.S. dollars per learner on training - a slight increase compared to the previous year. Midsize companies, with between 1,000 and 9,999 employees, spent 751 U.S. dollars per learner on training - a decrease from the previous year. Large companies, that is, companies with over 10,000 employees, spent 481 U.S. dollars per learner on training - a significant decrease compared to the previous year, equivalent to less than half the expenditure compared to 2022.

Raiffeisen Bank had 4.9 thousand employees in Romania in 2023, on average, each female employee benefited from approximately 50 hours of professional training per year, while male employees on average spent 39 hours. B-1 (Board-1) employees spend the most time on trainings, since 2022, the average hours for men doubled and for women tripled.

United States AHE: sa: PW: Mfg: Durable: Motor Vehicle Power Train Components data was reported at 31.000 USD in Nov 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 30.810 USD for Oct 2022. United States AHE: sa: PW: Mfg: Durable: Motor Vehicle Power Train Components data is updated monthly, averaging 24.470 USD from Jan 1990 (Median) to Nov 2022, with 395 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 31.000 USD in Nov 2022 and a record low of 16.520 USD in Jan 1990. United States AHE: sa: PW: Mfg: Durable: Motor Vehicle Power Train Components data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.G063: Current Employment Statistics Survey: Average Hourly Earnings: Production Workers: Seasonally Adjusted.

Skilled Managers – Productive Workplaces (SMPW) was an ESRC-funded study, awarded under the Transforming Productivity, Management Practices and Employee Engagement call. SMPW focuses on the evaluation of impacts from an online training intervention that provides managers with the skills they need to handle complex and difficult workplace issues; exploring how the training intervention changes managers’ practice, the quality of their relationships with staff, and evaluating whether this translates into improved performance.

The project engages with a variety of UK-based organisations expressing interest in the research, to implement a randomised controlled trial (RCT) that randomly allocates all managers in distinct workplace units to receive an online training ‘treatment’ and other units to a ‘business as usual’ control.

There is a growing body of evidence that poor management is one of the main causes of low productivity. The UK government's recent Industrial Strategy noted that 'our managers are, on average, less proficient than many competitors' and therefore it has been argued that improving basic managerial competences is crucial if we are to solve the 'productivity puzzle'. However, the challenges facing line managers are becoming increasingly complex. In particular, the contemporary emphasis on more robust approaches to the management of performance makes it more likely that managers will find themselves having to have 'difficult conversations' and in conflict with their staff.

Workplace conflict is not only widespread but arguably inhibits workplace productivity by tying up valuable organisational resources. A CIPD survey found that over one-third of respondents had recent experience of conflict at work and it has been estimated that employees spend an average of 1.8 hours a week dealing with conflict, an annual loss of 370 million days. At the same time, the way in which managers handle conflict could have a significant impact on organisational performance by influencing levels of engagement; employees are more likely to be engaged if they feel that they are treated fairly and involved in decisions that affect them.

Although line managers play a crucial role in shaping experiences of work, there is growing evidence that they lack the skills needed to manage people effectively and identify, address and resolve difficult personnel issues. Therefore, training programmes designed to increase their capacity to deal with conflict could be one way of securing higher levels of employee engagement and improved productivity. Unfortunately, there has been no robust quantitative academic research in this area, making it difficult to build a persuasive business case for investment in conflict management competences.

This proposal aims to fill this gap by providing a detailed evaluation of the impact on engagement and productivity of 'conflict competence'. This will be conducted through a workplace trial of training interventions designed to develop the conflict resolution skills of line managers in a number of organisations in the private and public sectors. Working closely with the Advisory Conciliation and Arbitration Service (Acas) the project will trial two levels of skills development. The first will comprise of a one-day workshop designed to develop conflict resolution skills delivered to first-line managers. The second will add a further component by providing a more advanced two-day workshop to prepare senior leaders to provide support and coaching to their managers as they seek to navigate difficult personnel issues. The workshops will use a mediative model to develop the conflict competence of managers through key skills including listening, communication, influencing, reframing and negotiation, having difficult conversations and coaching.

The impact of each intervention will be tracked over a 12 month period by assessing the competence and confidence of managers, the experiences and attitudes of the employees they manage, the efficiency with which conflict is handled and measures of organisational productivity. This will be contextualised by interviews and focus groups to examine the processes through which productivity improvements are secured and also the potential barriers facing organisations.

The project will provide a valuable evidence base regarding the impact of training and development in conflict resolution skills. It not only aims to have a substantive impact on managerial competence within the case-study organisations but will also underpin the development of training tools which can be replicated in a range of organisational contexts. Furthermore, insights from the research will be shared with practitioner and policy-making communities through a comprehensive programme of dissemination and engagement.

Germany DE: Share of Youth Not in Education, Employment or Training: Total: % of Youth Population data was reported at 7.456 % in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 6.798 % for 2022. Germany DE: Share of Youth Not in Education, Employment or Training: Total: % of Youth Population data is updated yearly, averaging 8.178 % from Dec 1983 (Median) to 2023, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 51.978 % in 1995 and a record low of 5.607 % in 2019. Germany DE: Share of Youth Not in Education, Employment or Training: Total: % of Youth Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.World Bank.WDI: Employment and Unemployment. Share of youth not in education, employment or training (NEET) is the proportion of young people who are not in education, employment, or training to the population of the corresponding age group: youth (ages 15 to 24); persons ages 15 to 29; or both age groups.;International Labour Organization. “Labour Force Statistics database (LFS)” ILOSTAT. Accessed January 07, 2025. https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/.;Weighted average;

Austria AT: Share of Youth Not in Education, Employment or Training: Total: % of Youth Population data was reported at 13.118 % in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 12.155 % for 2022. Austria AT: Share of Youth Not in Education, Employment or Training: Total: % of Youth Population data is updated yearly, averaging 10.559 % from Dec 1995 (Median) to 2023, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 45.845 % in 1998 and a record low of 5.301 % in 1995. Austria AT: Share of Youth Not in Education, Employment or Training: Total: % of Youth Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Austria – Table AT.World Bank.WDI: Employment and Unemployment. Share of youth not in education, employment or training (NEET) is the proportion of young people who are not in education, employment, or training to the population of the corresponding age group: youth (ages 15 to 24); persons ages 15 to 29; or both age groups.;International Labour Organization. “Labour Force Statistics database (LFS)” ILOSTAT. Accessed January 07, 2025. https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/.;Weighted average;

Interactive Display Market size was valued at USD 23.88 Billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 43.68 Billion by 2031, growing at a CAGR of 8.65% from 2024 to 2031.

Key Market Drivers

• Rising Demand for Interactive Learning Solutions: The education sector’s shift towards digital learning is driving the adoption of interactive displays. These tools enhance student engagement and facilitate collaborative learning experiences. According to the U.S. Department of Education, 97% of teachers had access to one or more computers in their classrooms as of 2021.
• Propelling Growth in Corporate Training: Interactive displays are revolutionizing corporate training by offering immersive and engaging experiences. They enable more effective knowledge transfer and skill development in professional settings. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that companies spent an average of $1,296 per employee on training in 2022.
• Increasing Adoption in Retail Environments: Retailers are leveraging interactive displays to create engaging shopping experiences and provide product information. These displays help boost sales by offering personalized recommendations and seamless checkout processes. The National Retail Federation reported that 65% of retailers plan to increase their technology investments in 2023.
• Supportive Government Initiatives for Digital Infrastructure: Governments worldwide are investing in digital infrastructure, including interactive displays, to modernize public services and education. This support is creating a favorable environment for market growth. The European Commission allocated €7.5 billion for the Digital Europe Programme from 2021 to 2027.

The product type category involves interactive kiosks, interactive monitors, interactive walls, and interactive whiteboards among others. The interactive displays are predominantly in retail, education, advertising, healthcare, hospitality, travel and ticketing, industrial, military and defense, entertainment, corporate and government communication, and automation among others.

Colombia CO: Share of Youth Not in Education, Employment or Training: Total: % of Youth Population data was reported at 23.251 % in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 24.423 % for 2022. Colombia CO: Share of Youth Not in Education, Employment or Training: Total: % of Youth Population data is updated yearly, averaging 23.677 % from Dec 2002 (Median) to 2023, with 20 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 29.944 % in 2002 and a record low of 21.131 % in 2016. Colombia CO: Share of Youth Not in Education, Employment or Training: Total: % of Youth Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Colombia – Table CO.World Bank.WDI: Employment and Unemployment. Share of youth not in education, employment or training (NEET) is the proportion of young people who are not in education, employment, or training to the population of the corresponding age group: youth (ages 15 to 24); persons ages 15 to 29; or both age groups.;International Labour Organization. “Labour Force Statistics database (LFS)” ILOSTAT. Accessed January 07, 2025. https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/.;Weighted average;

Angola AO: Share of Youth Not in Education, Employment or Training: Total: % of Youth Population data was reported at 24.806 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 21.685 % for 2021. Angola AO: Share of Youth Not in Education, Employment or Training: Total: % of Youth Population data is updated yearly, averaging 24.806 % from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2022, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 30.957 % in 2004 and a record low of 10.009 % in 2011. Angola AO: Share of Youth Not in Education, Employment or Training: Total: % of Youth Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Angola – Table AO.World Bank.WDI: Employment and Unemployment. Share of youth not in education, employment or training (NEET) is the proportion of young people who are not in education, employment, or training to the population of the corresponding age group: youth (ages 15 to 24); persons ages 15 to 29; or both age groups.;International Labour Organization. “Labour Force Statistics database (LFS)” ILOSTAT. Accessed January 07, 2025. https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/.;Weighted average;

This data set contains job projections for Utah County for years 2012-2022. The data contains annual growth, average wages, educational requirements and job training levels.

Croatia HR: Share of Youth Not in Education, Employment or Training: Total: % of Youth Population data was reported at 9.828 % in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 11.916 % for 2022. Croatia HR: Share of Youth Not in Education, Employment or Training: Total: % of Youth Population data is updated yearly, averaging 15.510 % from Dec 2002 (Median) to 2023, with 22 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 20.366 % in 2002 and a record low of 9.828 % in 2023. Croatia HR: Share of Youth Not in Education, Employment or Training: Total: % of Youth Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Croatia – Table HR.World Bank.WDI: Employment and Unemployment. Share of youth not in education, employment or training (NEET) is the proportion of young people who are not in education, employment, or training to the population of the corresponding age group: youth (ages 15 to 24); persons ages 15 to 29; or both age groups.;International Labour Organization. “Labour Force Statistics database (LFS)” ILOSTAT. Accessed January 07, 2025. https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/.;Weighted average;

Oman Share of Youth Not in Education, Employment or Training: Female: % of Female Youth Population data was reported at 32.110 % in 2022. Oman Share of Youth Not in Education, Employment or Training: Female: % of Female Youth Population data is updated yearly, averaging 32.110 % from Dec 2022 (Median) to 2022, with 1 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 32.110 % in 2022 and a record low of 32.110 % in 2022. Oman Share of Youth Not in Education, Employment or Training: Female: % of Female Youth Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Oman – Table OM.World Bank.WDI: Employment and Unemployment. Share of youth not in education, employment or training (NEET) is the proportion of young people who are not in education, employment, or training to the population of the corresponding age group: youth (ages 15 to 24); persons ages 15 to 29; or both age groups.;International Labour Organization. “Labour Force Statistics database (LFS)” ILOSTAT. Accessed January 07, 2025. https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/.;Weighted average;

Belgium BE: Share of Youth Not in Education, Employment or Training: Male: % of Male Youth Population data was reported at 7.626 % in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 7.869 % for 2022. Belgium BE: Share of Youth Not in Education, Employment or Training: Male: % of Male Youth Population data is updated yearly, averaging 9.590 % from Dec 1983 (Median) to 2023, with 41 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 13.243 % in 2013 and a record low of 5.083 % in 1990. Belgium BE: Share of Youth Not in Education, Employment or Training: Male: % of Male Youth Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Belgium – Table BE.World Bank.WDI: Employment and Unemployment. Share of youth not in education, employment or training (NEET) is the proportion of young people who are not in education, employment, or training to the population of the corresponding age group: youth (ages 15 to 24); persons ages 15 to 29; or both age groups.;International Labour Organization. “Labour Force Statistics database (LFS)” ILOSTAT. Accessed January 07, 2025. https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/.;Weighted average;

Saudi Arabia Firms Offering Formal Training: % of Firms data was reported at 3.900 % in 2022. Saudi Arabia Firms Offering Formal Training: % of Firms data is updated yearly, averaging 3.900 % from Dec 2022 (Median) to 2022, with 1 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.900 % in 2022 and a record low of 3.900 % in 2022. Saudi Arabia Firms Offering Formal Training: % of Firms data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Saudi Arabia – Table SA.World Bank.WDI: Company Statistics. Firms offering formal training are the percentage of firms offering formal training programs for their permanent, full-time employees.;World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/).;Unweighted average;

Argentina AR: Share of Youth Not in Education, Employment or Training: Male: % of Male Youth Population data was reported at 13.397 % in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 13.994 % for 2022. Argentina AR: Share of Youth Not in Education, Employment or Training: Male: % of Male Youth Population data is updated yearly, averaging 14.727 % from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2023, with 17 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 21.004 % in 2020 and a record low of 13.397 % in 2023. Argentina AR: Share of Youth Not in Education, Employment or Training: Male: % of Male Youth Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Argentina – Table AR.World Bank.WDI: Employment and Unemployment. Share of youth not in education, employment or training (NEET) is the proportion of young people who are not in education, employment, or training to the population of the corresponding age group: youth (ages 15 to 24); persons ages 15 to 29; or both age groups.;International Labour Organization. “Labour Force Statistics database (LFS)” ILOSTAT. Accessed January 07, 2025. https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/.;Weighted average;

Benin BJ: Share of Youth Not in Education, Employment or Training: Total: % of Youth Population data was reported at 14.241 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 15.863 % for 2019. Benin BJ: Share of Youth Not in Education, Employment or Training: Total: % of Youth Population data is updated yearly, averaging 15.863 % from Dec 2011 (Median) to 2022, with 3 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 17.234 % in 2011 and a record low of 14.241 % in 2022. Benin BJ: Share of Youth Not in Education, Employment or Training: Total: % of Youth Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Benin – Table BJ.World Bank.WDI: Employment and Unemployment. Share of youth not in education, employment or training (NEET) is the proportion of young people who are not in education, employment, or training to the population of the corresponding age group: youth (ages 15 to 24); persons ages 15 to 29; or both age groups.;International Labour Organization. “Labour Force Statistics database (LFS)” ILOSTAT. Accessed January 07, 2025. https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/.;Weighted average;

Chile CL: Share of Youth Not in Education, Employment or Training: Total: % of Youth Population data was reported at 15.321 % in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 14.420 % for 2022. Chile CL: Share of Youth Not in Education, Employment or Training: Total: % of Youth Population data is updated yearly, averaging 19.222 % from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2023, with 21 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 28.135 % in 1990 and a record low of 14.420 % in 2022. Chile CL: Share of Youth Not in Education, Employment or Training: Total: % of Youth Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Chile – Table CL.World Bank.WDI: Employment and Unemployment. Share of youth not in education, employment or training (NEET) is the proportion of young people who are not in education, employment, or training to the population of the corresponding age group: youth (ages 15 to 24); persons ages 15 to 29; or both age groups.;International Labour Organization. “Labour Force Statistics database (LFS)” ILOSTAT. Accessed January 07, 2025. https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/.;Weighted average;

According to a survey conducted in South Korea in 2023, entertainment agencies with over 10 employees spent an average of around 1.6 million South Korean won on each trainee every month including training costs. On average, about 1.56 million won was spent per trainee per month.

In 2022, on average, male employees working in the training and education sector earned around 8.9 million Vietnamese dongs (VND) per month in Vietnam. By comparison, the average monthly salary of female employees working in the same sector was lower, at approximately 7.6 million VND that year.