The average person in England and Wales used roughly *** liters of water per day as of 2024. This means that a household of four could potentially use more than *** liters of water a day. Portsmouth Water customers had the highest daily water usage in England and Wales in 2023, at *** liters per person. Metered and un-metered water usage The amount of water consumed by households can vary depending on whether the customer has a water meter installed. On average, households in England and Wales with a water meter consumed around ** liters less per person than those without a water meter. While most homes have traditional water meters, smart water meters have been rolled out since 2016. These allow customers to track water usage, save money, and allow water companies to detect leaks. What uses the most water in UK homes? The average water consumption of household appliances varies greatly, with some using significantly more than others. A full bath uses the largest amount of water by far, at approximately ** liters. This is ** liters more than the average washing machine cycle. Meanwhile, a dishwasher on an eco-setting can noticeably reduce water consumption when compared with a regular cycle.

Water usage per person in Scotland is the highest in the United Kingdom on average, at *** liters. This is noticeably more than in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland, where less than *** liters is used per person per day on average.

Portsmouth Water customers consumed the most water per person per day in England and Wales in financial year 2024, at ***** liters. This was higher than their three-year rolling average of ***** liters per person per day. Nevertheless, Affinity Water is still the company with the highest three-year rolling average at *** liters per person per day.

Household water consumption varies greatly from appliance to appliance, with baths and washing machines consuming by far the most. A full bath in the United Kingdom uses an average of ** liters of water, while showers are far less demanding. An electric shower uses just **** liters per minute, with power showers slightly less efficient at ** liters per minute.

Household water usage in the UK

The average water usage per person in England and Wales was *** liters per day in financial year 2022, with a three-year rolling average of *** liters per day. Water consumption varies depending on whether the customer has metered or un-metered water, with metered water consumption far lower than customers without a water meter.

Water bills

Combined household water and sewerage bills in England and Wales averaged 417 British pounds for the year ended March 2023. On average, customers of South West Water had the most expensive water and sewerage bills in the UK , at *** British pounds. It is forecasted that bills from this utility will decrease for the year ending March 2022.

Household water consumption in England and Wales is far lower for metered customers when compared to non-metered customers. In financial year 2024, metered customers in England and Wales used an average of ***** liters per person daily, compared with ****** liters per day for non-metered customers.

Data History

Data Origin

Domestic consumption data is recorded using water meters. The consumption recorded is then sent back to water companies. This dataset is extracted from the water companies.

Data Triage Considerations

This section discusses the careful handling of data to maintain anonymity and addresses the challenges associated with data updates, such as identifying household changes or meter replacements.

Identification of Critical Infrastructure

This aspect is not applicable for the dataset, as the focus is on domestic water consumption and does not contain any information that reveals critical infrastructure details.

Commercial Risks and Anonymisation Individual Identification Risks

There is a potential risk of identifying individuals or households if the consumption data is updated irregularly (e.g., every 6 months) and an out-of-cycle update occurs (e.g., after 2 months), which could signal a change in occupancy or ownership. Such patterns need careful handling to avoid accidental exposure of sensitive information.

Meter and Property Association

Challenges arise in maintaining historical data integrity when meters are replaced but the property remains the same. Ensuring continuity in the data without revealing personal information is crucial.

Interpretation of Null Consumption

Instances of null consumption could be misunderstood as a lack of water use, whereas they might simply indicate missing data. Distinguishing between these scenarios is vital to prevent misleading conclusions.

Meter Re-reads

The dataset must account for instances where meters are read multiple times for accuracy.

Joint Supplies & Multiple Meters per Household

Special consideration is required for households with multiple meters as well as multiple households that share a meter as this could complicate data aggregation.

Schema Consistency with the Energy Industry

In formulating the schema for the domestic water consumption dataset, careful consideration was given to the potential risks to individual privacy. This evaluation included examining the frequency of data updates, the handling of property and meter associations, interpretations of null consumption, meter re-reads, joint suppliers, and the presence of multiple meters within a single household as described above.

After a thorough assessment of these factors and their implications for individual privacy, it was decided to align the dataset's schema with the standards established within the energy industry. This decision was influenced by the energy sector's experience and established practices in managing similar risks associated with smart meters. This ensures a high level of data integrity and privacy protection.

Schema The dataset schema is aligned with those used in the energy industry, which has encountered similar challenges with smart meters. However, it is important to note that the energy industry has a much higher density of meter distribution, especially smart meters.

Aggregation to Mitigate Risks The dataset employs an elevated level of data aggregation to minimise the risk of individual identification. This approach is crucial in maintaining the utility of the dataset while ensuring individual privacy. The aggregation level is carefully chosen to remove identifiable risks without excluding valuable data, thus balancing data utility with privacy concerns.

Data Freshness Users should be aware that this dataset reflects historical consumption patterns and does not represent real-time data. Publish Frequency Weekly.

Data Triage Review Frequency An annual review is conducted to ensure the dataset's relevance and accuracy, with adjustments made based on specific requests or evolving data trends.

Data Specifications For the domestic water consumption dataset, the data specifications are designed to ensure comprehensiveness and relevance, while maintaining clarity and focus. The specifications for this dataset include: • Each dataset encompasses recordings of domestic water consumption as measured and reported by the data publisher. It excludes commercial consumption. • Where it is necessary to estimate consumption, this is calculated based on actual meter readings. • Meters of all types (smart, dumb, AMR) are included in this dataset. • The dataset is updated and published Weekly. • Historical data may be made available to facilitate trend analysis and comparative studies, although it is not mandatory for each dataset release. • The dataset includes LSOAs with 2 or more meters. Any LSOAs with less than 2 meters have been excluded. • Consumption data is only included where we have the full consumption data for a year for a given meter.

Context Users are cautioned against using the dataset for immediate operational decisions regarding water supply management. The data should be interpreted considering potential seasonal and weather-related influences on water consumption patterns.

The geographical data provided does not pinpoint locations of water meters within an LSOA.

The dataset aims to cover a broad spectrum of households, from single-meter homes to those with multiple meters, to accurately reflect the diversity of water use within an LSOA.

Supplementary InformationBelow is a curated selection of links for additional reading, which provide a deeper understanding of this dataset.1.Ofwat guidance on water meters. https://www.ofwat.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/prs_lft_101117meters.pdf Data Schema DATA_SOURCE: Company that provided the data YEAR: The calendar year covered by the data LSOA_CODE: LSOA or Data Zone converted code of the meter location NUMBER_OF_METERS: Number of meters within an LSOA TOTAL_CONSUMPTION: Average consumption within the LSOA TOTAL_CONSUMPTION_UNITS: Units for average consumption

In financial year 2024, water consumption for metered Essex and Suffolk Water customers averaged ***** liters per day. This was the highest household water consumption throughout England and Wales for metered customers that year. Water consumption for metered customers is typically far lower when compared with non-metered customers. Households with metered water consumption in England and Wales averaged ***** liters of water per person per day in financial year 2024.

Data History Data Origin Domestic consumption data is recorded using water meters. The consumption recorded is then sent back to water companies. This dataset is extracted from the water companies. Data Freshness Users should be aware that this dataset reflects historical consumption patterns and does not represent real-time data. Publish Frequency Annually Data Specifications For the domestic water consumption dataset, the data specifications are designed to ensure comprehensiveness and relevance, while maintaining clarity and focus. The specifications for this dataset include:• Each dataset encompasses recordings of domestic water consumption as measured and reported by the data publisher. It excludes commercial consumption.• Where it is necessary to estimate consumption, this is calculated based on actual meter readings.• Meters of all types (smart, dumb, AMR) are included in this dataset.• The dataset is updated and published annually.• Historical data may be made available to facilitate trend analysis and comparative studies, although it is not mandatory for each dataset release.• The dataset includes LSOAs with 2 or more meters. Any LSOAs with less than 10 meters have been excluded. Context Users are cautioned against using the dataset for immediate operational decisions regarding water supply management. The data should be interpreted considering potential seasonal and weather-related influences on water consumption patterns. The geographical data provided does not pinpoint locations of water meters within an LSOA. The dataset aims to cover a broad spectrum of households, from single-meter homes to those with multiple meters, or a single meter for multiple domestic units, to accurately reflect the diversity of water use within an LSOA. This dataset has been aggregated from actual read data and does not use estimated values to align reads to calendar years. Our approach subtracts the latest meter read from the preceding year from the latest meter read in the reported year; this is divided by the number of days between the two reads, then multiplied by the number of days in the reporting year to get the annualised consumption for each individual property. The annualised consumption is then aggregated for each LSOA and then divided by the number of properties within the LSOA to calculate the average annual consumption per household for that LSOA. Data are removed from meters considered as void for seven or more months during the year. Void properties are those within the company’s supply area, which are connected for either a water service only, a wastewater service only or both services but do not receive a charge, as there are no occupants. Supplementary Information Below is a curated selection of links for additional reading, which provide a deeper understanding of this dataset. 1. Ofwat guidance on water meters: https://www.ofwat.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/prs_lft_101117meters.pdf2. Wessex Water performance commitment data on void sites: https://marketplace.wessexwater.co.uk/dataset/void-sites-performance-commitment-data

Daily tap water consumption in different countries from previous surveys. Only values for tap water are reported wherever possible (see footnotes). Considerable variance is evident between countries and within countries across different studies. There is also a paucity of data from lower income countries. To simplify the formatting, we stratified the table by sex (where reported) rather than age because many different age ranges are used across the publications.

Welsh Water customers had the highest annual combined water and sewerage bill in England and Wales for the year ended March 2023, at *** British pounds. This was considerably more than the average combined household water and sewerage bill in England and Wales that year. Water utilities companies in Britain In 1989, the water sector in England and Wales became privatized, resulting in the sale of the ** regional water authorities, including Severn Trent, United Utilities, and Anglian Water. With more than ** million customers, Thames Water is the largest water and wastewater company in Great Britain. Water infrastructure in Britain Between 2015 and 2020, investment in Britain's water sector totaled ** billion British pounds. This averaged some ***** British pounds per property over the five year period. Water companies own hundreds of thousands of kilometers of water pipes that span the country. However, many pipes date back to the Victorian era and are prone to leakage. Because of this, billions of liters of water are lost every day.

List of the five highest and lowest ranked strata for the predicted mean daily water intake from Model 1B (I-MAIHDA analysis). Sex (p 

The average annual combined water and sewerage bill in England and Wales was *** British pounds in financial year 2023, and is forecast to total *** British pounds for the year ended March 2024. South West Water customers pay the most for their combined water and sewerage bills.

Responses to the question “In the last year, how often have you considered the visual appearance of your unfiltered tap water in your home to be unusual?”.

The combined volume per capita in the 'Bottled Water' segment of the non-alcoholic drinks market in the United Kingdom was modeled to stand at ***** litres in 2024. Between 2018 and 2024, the combined volume per capita rose by **** litres, though the increase followed an uneven trajectory rather than a consistent upward trend. The combined volume per capita will steadily rise by **** litres over the period from 2024 to 2029, reflecting a clear upward trend.Further information about the methodology, more market segments, and metrics can be found on the dedicated Market Insights page on Bottled Water.

In the United Kingdom in 2018, people consumed an annual average of ***** liters of soft drinks per person. Consumption of soft drinks per person per year has increased compared to the previous 5 years, and by over * liters when compared to 2017 specifically. In general, 2018 was a year where almost all kinds of soft drinks saw an increase in consumed volume except for still and juice drinks. In many cases this meant a reversal of prior trends. Only one thing is for certain, the soft drink sugar levy introduced in 2018 seemed not to have adversely affected consumption. UK soft drinks market Soft drinks in this context are bottled water, carbonated drinks, still drinks, juice drinks, energy drinks, fruit juices and sport drinks. The ******* share of the market was made up of carbonates. Soft drink brands in the UK All private label brands counted together had the highest share of soft drink grocery sales in the United Kingdom in 2018. Coca Cola products had the second highest sales value followed by Pepsi products and Innocent products. Coca Cola was the single most sold soft drink in the convenience channel, followed by Red Bull.

This statistic shows annual average electricity consumption in household in England in 2011, by appliance type. Space heating with primary electric heating accounted for the most consumption with an average of 5,249 kilowatt-hours, followed by space heating with additional electric heating at 1,505 kilowatt-hours and water heating (with primary electric heating) at 945 kilowatt-hours.