In August 2025, WhatsApp.com was the most engaging website worldwide, with users spending an average of 36 minutes and 51 seconds per visit. YouTube.com ranked second in user engagement, with an average visit duration of 24 minutes and 1 second. The platform also ranked among the top ten most visited websites globally, both in total visits and unique users.

In November 2024, YouTube.com was the most popular website in the United Kingdom based on user engagement with an average session length of about 23 minutes and 35 seconds. Micro-blogging X (formerly Twitter.com) was ranked second with users spending approximately 15 minutes and 52 seconds per visit to the website. Streaming platform Netflix.com ranked third, with approximately 15 minutes of user engagement.

Results for the mean emissions for COP host country websites, including the mean webpage size (KB), CO₂e (g per pageview), the mean Website Carbon rating, and whether the still active website is hosted using renewable energy.

In November 2024, WhatsApp.com was the most popular website in Peru by time per visit, with an average session length of approximately ** minutes and ***** seconds. YouTube.com ranked second in the country, with an average of ** minutes and ** seconds per visit.

In the period between its release in ************* and ************, Buzzfeed.com saw the average duration of global visits to its web domain increase sensibly. As of the last examined month, visitors worldwide spent ***** seconds on average in the platform's domain, equating to ** minutes and ** seconds. The peak of the entertainment website session length happened in *************, when users worldwide spent an average of ***** seconds on the web page.

The growth of the Internet since its inception has fueled strong demand and profitability for web design services, as both businesses and households increasingly conduct activities online. The pandemic accelerated this trend, forcing businesses to upgrade their digital presence amid lockdowns and remote work, which resulted in significant revenue gains for web designers in 2020. This trend continued in 2021 as the strong economic recovery boosted corporate profit and gave businesses greater funds to invest in the industry’s services. More recently, high inflation and rising interest rates have raised costs and curtailed demand, with some businesses opting for cheaper alternatives like templates rather than custom web design, contributing to a drop in revenue in 2022. Despite these challenges, rising stock prices linked to AI advancements pushed business income substantially upward, enabling further investment in web design through 2023 and 2024 and benefiting revenue. However, high inflation and rising interest rates have recently raised costs and curtailed demand, with some businesses opting for cheaper alternatives like templates rather than custom web design. In response to shifting client expectations, web designers now prioritize mobile-first design, rapid performance, personalization and interactive content. These adaptations, along with investments in new technologies, have allowed web designers—especially smaller ones—to differentiate themselves and sustain long-term growth. Overall, revenue for web design services companies has swelled at a CAGR of 2.3% over the past five years, reaching $47.4 billion in 2025. This includes a 1.5% rise in revenue in that year. Market saturation will limit revenue growth for website designers moving forward. With nearly all US adults now using the Internet, opportunities for finding new customers are dwindling as internet usage approaches universality. As a result, major providers may turn to mergers and acquisitions to maintain market share, while smaller companies will likely focus on niche markets or specific geographies to secure stable income. Additionally, tariffs imposed by the Trump administration could further restrain demand by increasing consumer prices, reducing disposable income and pushing the economy toward recession. In response, web designers may expand geographically to find new clients. Amid these headwinds, AI and automation technologies are transforming design workflows, increasing efficiency while fostering a greater need for skilled workers and enabling more tailored services. Companies are also adapting by prioritizing inclusivity and sustainability, attracting broader demographics and eco-conscious clients. Overall, revenue for web design services providers is forecast to inch upward at a CAGR of 1.1% over the next five years, reaching $49.9 billion in 2030.

Composition of COP host country websites (1995–2025).

As of October 2025, ******** recorded the best average visit duration amongst the top ten classified websites worldwide. Online shoppers stayed on this page for an average of ** minutes and ** seconds. That month, online consumers browsed on average ** pages on ******** before leaving the site.

Estimated CO₂e emissions from COP host country website homepage views based on UNFCCC’s in-session participant data, COP3 (1997) to COP29 (2024).

The global effort to limit global warming to 1.5°C in line with the Paris Agreement is urgent, with just under five years left to act. The internet, and particularly websites, play a critical role in this challenge. While sustainable web design (SWD) is gaining attention, it is often overlooked, even by organisations central to climate action. This study examines the evolution of host country websites for the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Conference of the Parties (COP), from COP1 (1995) to COP30 (2025). While COPs serve as the global focal point for climate negotiations, the environmental impact of their host websites has been largely unexamined. Motivated by concerns over the COP28 host website, criticised for potential “greenwashing”, we evaluated the environmental footprint of all available COP host websites using archival data from Internet Archive’s Wayback Machine. Our analysis reveals an exponential increase in website size, with average emissions rising over 13,000%, and many recent COP pages emitting roughly ten times the global average of approximately 0.36g of CO₂e per pageview. In-session participant homepage views drove emissions up by 83,400%, from 0.14 kg of CO₂e at COP3 (1997), roughly what a mature tree absorbs in two days at a standard sequestration rate, to 116.85 kg of CO₂e at COP29 (2024), requiring the annual carbon absorption of five to ten mature trees. This dramatic growth is largely driven by richer media content and scripts. We conclude with recommendations for integrating SWD principles into the Host Country Agreement and the How to COP handbook, ensuring that digital platforms align with the United Nations’ broader sustainability objectives. The code used in this study and the results are available via DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15295396.

In November 2023, WhatsApp.com was the most popular website in Italy by time per visit, with an average session length of 21 minutes and 43 seconds. YouTube.com was the second most popular website by session length, with users spending an average of 20 minutes and 19 seconds on the platform.

The global effort to limit global warming to 1.5°C in line with the Paris Agreement is urgent, with just under five years left to act. The internet, and particularly websites, play a critical role in this challenge. While sustainable web design (SWD) is gaining attention, it is often overlooked, even by organisations central to climate action. This study examines the evolution of host country websites for the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Conference of the Parties (COP), from COP1 (1995) to COP30 (2025). While COPs serve as the global focal point for climate negotiations, the environmental impact of their host websites has been largely unexamined. Motivated by concerns over the COP28 host website, criticised for potential “greenwashing”, we evaluated the environmental footprint of all available COP host websites using archival data from Internet Archive’s Wayback Machine. Our analysis reveals an exponential increase in website size, with average emissions rising over 13,000%, and many recent COP pages emitting roughly ten times the global average of approximately 0.36g of CO₂e per pageview. In-session participant homepage views drove emissions up by 83,400%, from 0.14 kg of CO₂e at COP3 (1997), roughly what a mature tree absorbs in two days at a standard sequestration rate, to 116.85 kg of CO₂e at COP29 (2024), requiring the annual carbon absorption of five to ten mature trees. This dramatic growth is largely driven by richer media content and scripts. We conclude with recommendations for integrating SWD principles into the Host Country Agreement and the How to COP handbook, ensuring that digital platforms align with the United Nations’ broader sustainability objectives. The code used in this study and the results are available via DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15295396.

In November 2024, WhatsApp.com was the most popular website in Brazil by time per visit, with an average session length of approximately ** minutes. YouTube.com ranked second, with an average of ** minutes and ** seconds per visit.

In November 2024, the social video platform YouTube.com was the most popular website in Norway by time per visit, with an average session length of 23 minutes and ten seconds. E24.no closely followed as the second most popular website in Norway by time per visit, with users spending an average of 19 minutes and 58 seconds per visit. VG.no ranked third with an average session length of 15 minutes and 37 seconds.

In November 2024, WhatsApp.com was the most popular website in Spain by time per visit, with an average session length of approximately ** minutes and ** seconds. YouTube.com ranked second, with an average of ** minutes and ** seconds per visit. Despite being the leading website by total visits and unique visitors in the country, Google.com ranked fourth in engagement time, with ** minutes and ** seconds per session.

In November 2024, WhatsApp.com was the most popular website in Argentina by time per visit, with an average session length of approximately ** minutes and ** seconds. YouTube.com ranked second, with an average of ** minutes and ** seconds per visit.

From September to November 2024, YouTube.com was the most popular website in Canada based on user engagement, with an average session length of about 11 minutes and seven seconds. X.com came in second, with users spending approximately 13 minutes and 18 seconds. Additionally, Google.com was ranked third, with users spending an average of 11 minutes and seven seconds per session.

Between December 2022 and November 2023, YouTube.com was the most popular website in Indonesia by average time per visit, with an average session length of ** minutes and ** seconds. WhatsApp followed, with users spending an average of ** minutes and ** seconds on the platform.

Between ************ and **********, users visiting YouTube's website from their desktop devices have spent considerably more time on the platform than users visiting from mobile. In **********, each user spent an average of 1361 seconds per visit on the website via mobile devices, while users visiting from desktop spent on average 1888 seconds per visits on YouTube.com.

In November 2023, WhatsApp.com was the most popular website in Colombia by time per visit, with an average session length of approximately ** minutes and ** seconds. YouTube.com ranked second, with an average of ** minutes and ** seconds per visit.