The Sentinel-2 mission is a land monitoring constellation of two satellites that provide high resolution optical imagery and provide continuity for the current SPOT and Landsat missions. The mission provides a global coverage of the Earth's land surface every 5 days, making the data of great use in on-going studies. L1C data are available from June 2015 globally. L2A data are available from November 2016 over Europe region and globally since January 2017.

The Sentinel-2 mission is a land monitoring constellation of two satellites that provide high resolution optical imagery and provide continuity for the current SPOT and Landsat missions. The mission provides a global coverage of the Earth's land surface every 5 days, making the data of great use in ongoing studies. This dataset is the same as the Sentinel-2 dataset, except the JP2K files were converted into Cloud-Optimized GeoTIFFs (COGs). Additionally, SpatioTemporal Asset Catalog metadata has were in a JSON file alongside the data, and a STAC API called Earth-search is freely available to search the archive. This dataset contains all of the scenes in the original Sentinel-2 Public Dataset and will grow as that does. L2A data are available from April 2017 over wider Europe region and globally since December 2018.

Sentinel-2 L2A 120m mosaic is a derived product, which contains best pixel values for 10-daily periods, modelled by removing the cloudy pixels and then performing interpolation among remaining values. As clouds can be missed and as there are some parts of the world which have lengthy cloudy periods, clouds might be remaining in some parts. The actual modelling script is available here.

This web map is a subset of Sentinel-2 Views. Sentinel-2, 10, 20, and 60m Multispectral, Multitemporal, 13-band imagery is rendered on-the-fly and available for visualization and analytics. This imagery layer pulls directly from the Sentinel-2 on AWS collection and is updated daily with new imagery.This imagery layer can be applied across a number of industries, scientific disciplines, and management practices. Some applications include, but are not limited to, land cover and environmental monitoring, climate change, deforestation, disaster and emergency management, national security, plant health and precision agriculture, forest monitoring, watershed analysis and runoff predictions, land-use planning, tracking urban expansion, highlighting burned areas and estimating fire severity.Geographic CoverageGlobalContinental land masses from 65.4° South to 72.1° North, with these special guidelines:All coastal waters up to 20 km from the shoreAll islands greater than 100 km2All EU islandsAll closed seas (e.g. Caspian Sea)The Mediterranean SeaNote: Areas of interest going beyond the Mission baseline (as laid out in the Mission Requirements Document) will be assessed, and may be added to the baseline if sufficient resources are identified.Temporal CoverageThe revisit time for each point on Earth is every 5 days.This layer is updated daily with new imagery.This imagery layer is designed to include imagery collected within the past 14 months. Custom Image Services can be created for access to images older than 14 months.The number of images available will vary depending on location.Image Selection/FilteringThe most recent and cloud free images are displayed by default.Any image available, within the past 14 months, can be displayed via custom filtering.Filtering can be done based on attributes such as Acquisition Date, Estimated Cloud Cover, and Tile ID.Tile_ID is computed as [year][month][day]T[hours][minutes][seconds]_[UTMcode][latitudeband][square]_[sequence]. More…NOTE: Not using filters, and loading the entire archive, may affect performance.Analysis ReadyThis imagery layer is analysis ready with TOA correction applied.Visual RenderingDefault rendering is Natural Color (bands 4,3,2) with Dynamic Range Adjustment (DRA).The DRA version of each layer enables visualization of the full dynamic range of the images.Rendering (or display) of band combinations and calculated indices is done on-the-fly from the source images via Raster Functions.Various pre-defined Raster Functions can be selected or custom functions created.Available renderings include: Agriculture with DRA, Bathymetric with DRA, Color-Infrared with DRA, Natural Color with DRA, Short-wave Infrared with DRA, Geology with DRA, NDMI Colorized, Normalized Difference Built-Up Index (NDBI), NDWI Raw, NDWI - with VRE Raw, NDVI – with VRE Raw (NDRE), NDVI - VRE only Raw, NDVI Raw, Normalized Burn Ratio, NDVI Colormap.Multispectral BandsBandDescriptionWavelength (µm)Resolution (m)1Coastal aerosol0.433 - 0.453602Blue0.458 - 0.523103Green0.543 - 0.578104Red0.650 - 0.680105Vegetation Red Edge0.698 - 0.713206Vegetation Red Edge0.733 - 0.748207Vegetation Red Edge0.773 - 0.793208NIR0.785 - 0.900108ANarrow NIR0.855 - 0.875209Water vapour0.935 - 0.9556010SWIR – Cirrus1.365 - 1.3856011SWIR-11.565 - 1.6552012SWIR-22.100 - 2.28020Additional NotesOverviews exist with a spatial resolution of 150m and are updated every quarter based on the best and latest imagery available at that time.To work with source images at all scales, the ‘Lock Raster’ functionality is available.NOTE: ‘Lock Raster’ should only be used on the layer for short periods of time, as the imagery and associated record Object IDs may change daily.This ArcGIS Server dynamic imagery layer can be used in Web Maps and ArcGIS Desktop as well as Web and Mobile applications using the REST based Image services API.Images can be exported up to a maximum of 4,000 columns x 4,000 rows per request.Data SourceSentinel-2 imagery is the result of close collaboration between the (European Space Agency) ESA, the European Commission and USGS. Data is hosted by the Amazon Web Services as part of their Registry of Open Data. Users can access the imagery from Sentinel-2 on AWS , or alternatively access Sentinel2Look Viewer, EarthExplorer or the Copernicus Open Access Hub to download the scenes.For information on Sentinel-2 imagery, see Sentinel-2.

Surface reflectance is the fraction of incoming solar radiation that is reflected from Earth's surface. Variations in satellite measured radiance due to atmospheric properties have been corrected for, so images acquired over the same area at different times are comparable and can be used readily to detect changes on Earth’s surface. DE Africa provides Sentinel 2 Level-2A surface reflectance data from European Commission's Copernicus Programme. Sentinel-2 is an Earth observation mission that systematically acquires optical imagery at up to 10 m spatial resolution. The mission is based on a constellation of two identical satellites in the same orbit, 180° apart for optimal coverage and data delivery. Together, they cover all Earth's land surfaces, large islands, inland and coastal waters every 3-5 days. Each of the Sentinel-2 satellites carries a wide swath high-resolution multispectral imager with 13 spectral bands. This product has a temporal coverage of 2017 to current and is updated as new images are acquired. Images in different spectral bands are provided at spatial resolutions of 10, 20 or 60 m. The surface reflectance values are scaled to be between 0 and 10,000. Sentinel-2 Level-2A data are provided by the European Space Agency (ESA). Data prior to 2017 are processed from Level-1C to Level-2A with ESA's Sen2Cor software by Sinergise. All images are converted to Cloud Optimised GeoTIFF format by Element 84, Inc. For more information on the Sentinel-2 Level-2A surface reflectance product, see https://earth.esa.int/web/sentinel/technical-guides/sentinel-2-msi/level-2a/algorithm This product is accessible through OGC Web Service (https://ows.digitalearth.africa/), for analysis in DE Africa Sandbox JupyterLab (https://github.com/digitalearthafrica/deafrica-sandbox-notebooks/wiki) and for direct download from AWS S3 (https://data.digitalearth.africa/).

The Sentinel-2 mission is part of the European Union Copernicus programme for Earth observations. Sentinel-2 consists of twin satellites, Sentinel-2A (launched 23 June 2015) and Sentinel-2B (launched 7 March 2017). The two satellites have the same orbit, but 180° apart for optimal coverage and data delivery. Their combined data is used in the Digital Earth Africa Sentinel-2 product. Together, they cover all Earth’s land surfaces, large islands, inland and coastal waters every 3-5 days. Sentinel-2 data is tiered by level of pre-processing. Level-0, Level-1A and Level-1B data contain raw data from the satellites, with little to no pre-processing. Level-1C data is surface reflectance measured at the top of the atmosphere. This is processed using the Sen2Cor algorithm to give Level-2A, the bottom-of-atmosphere reflectance (Obregón et al, 2019). Level-2A data is the most ideal for research activities as it allows further analysis without applying additional atmospheric corrections. Digital Earth Africa Sentinel-2 Level-2A Surface Reflectance Collection 1 is the Sentinel-2 product processed for enhanced calibration and consistent time series between Sentinel-2A and Sentinel-2B. Digital Earth Africa does not host any lower-level Sentinel-2 data.Note that this data is a subset of the Sentinel-2 COGs dataset.

Sentinel-2 Level-1C imagery with on-the-fly renderings for visualization. This imagery layer pulls directly from theSentinel-2 on AWScollection and is updated daily with new imagery.Sentinel-2 imagery can be applied across a number of industries, scientific disciplines, and management practices. Some applications include, but are not limited to, land cover and environmental monitoring, climate change, deforestation, disaster and emergency management, national security, plant health and precision agriculture, forest monitoring, watershed analysis and runoff predictions, land-use planning, tracking urban expansion, highlighting burned areas and estimating fire severity. Geographic Coverage GlobalContinental land masses from65.4° South to 72.1° North, with these special guidelines:All coastal waters up to 20 km from the shoreAll islands greater than 100 km2All EU islandsAll closed seas (e.g. Caspian Sea)The Mediterranean Sea Temporal Coverage This layer includes a rolling collection of Sentinel-2 imagery acquired within the past 14 months. This layer is updated daily with new imagery. The revisit time for each point on Earth is every 5 days. The number of images available will vary depending on location. Product Level This service provides Level-1C Top of Atmosphere imagery.Alternatively,Sentinel-2 Level-2A is also available. Image Selection/Filtering The most recent and cloud free images are displayed by default. Any image available within the past 14 months can be displayed via custom filtering. Filtering can be done based on attributes such as Acquisition Date, Estimated Cloud Cover, and Tile ID. Tile_ID is computed as [year][month][day]T[hours][minutes][seconds]_[UTMcode][latitudeband][square]_[sequence].More… Visual Rendering Default rendering is Natural Color (bands 4,3,2) with Dynamic Range Adjustment (DRA). The DRA version of each layer enables visualization of the full dynamic range of the images. Rendering (or display) of band combinations and calculated indices is done on-the-fly from the source images via Raster Functions. Various pre-defined Raster Functions can be selected or custom functions created. Available renderings include: Agriculture with DRA,Bathymetric with DRA,Color-Infrared with DRA,Natural Color with DRA,Short-wave Infrared with DRA,Geology with DRA,NDMI Colorized,Normalized Difference Built-Up Index (NDBI),NDWI Raw,NDWI - with VRE Raw,NDVI – with VRE Raw (NDRE),NDVI - VRE only Raw,NDVI Raw,Normalized Burn Ratio,NDVI Colormap. Multispectral Bands BandDescriptionWavelength (µm)Resolution (m)1Coastal aerosol0.433 - 0.453602Blue0.458 - 0.523103Green0.543 - 0.578104Red0.650 - 0.680105Vegetation Red Edge0.698 - 0.713206Vegetation Red Edge0.733 - 0.748207Vegetation Red Edge0.773 - 0.793208NIR0.785 - 0.900108ANarrow NIR0.855 - 0.875209Water vapour0.935 - 0.9556010SWIR – Cirrus1.365 - 1.3856011SWIR-11.565 - 1.6552012SWIR-22.100 - 2.28020Additional Notes Overviews exist with a spatial resolution of 150m and are updated every quarter based on the best and latest imagery available at that time.To work with source images at all scales, the ‘Lock Raster’ functionality is available. NOTE: ‘Lock Raster’ should only be used on the layer for short periods of time, as the imagery and associated record Object IDs may change daily.This ArcGIS Server dynamic imagery layer can be used in Web Maps and ArcGIS Desktop as well as Web and Mobile applications using the REST based Image services API.Images can be exported up to a maximum of 4,000 columns x 4,000 rows per request.Data SourceSentinel-2 imagery is the result of close collaboration between the (European Space Agency) ESA, the European Commission and USGS. Data is hosted by the Amazon Web Services as part of theirRegistry of Open Data. Users can access the imagery fromSentinel-2 on AWS, or alternatively accessEarthExploreror theCopernicus Data Space Ecosystemto download the scenes.For information on Sentinel-2 imagery, seeSentinel-2.

Sentinel-2, 10m Multispectral 13-band imagery, rendered on-the-fly. Available for visualization and analytics, this Imagery Layer pulls directly from the Sentinel-2 on AWS collection and is updated daily with new imagery.This imagery layer can be used for multiple purposes including but not limited to vegetation, land cover, plant health, deforestation and environmental monitoring.Geographic CoverageGlobalContinental land masses from 65.4° South to 72.1° North, with these special guidelines:All coastal waters up to 20 km from the shoreAll islands greater than 100 km2All EU islandsAll closed seas (e.g. Caspian Sea)The Mediterranean SeaNote: Areas of interest going beyond the Mission baseline (as laid out in the Mission Requirements Document) will be assessed, and may be added to the baseline if sufficient resources are identified.Temporal CoverageThe revisit time for each point on Earth is every 5 days.This layer is updated daily with new imagery.This imagery layer is designed to include imagery collected within the past 14 months. Custom Image Services can be created for access to images older than 14 months.The number of images available will vary depending on location.Image Selection/FilteringThe most recent and cloud free image, for any location, is displayed by default.Any image available, within the past 14 months, can be displayed via custom filtering.Filtering can be done based on Acquisition Date, Estimated Cloud Cover, and Tile ID.Tile_ID is computed as [year][month][day]T[hours][minutes][seconds]_[UTMcode][latitudeband][square]_[sequence]. More…NOTE: Not using filters, and loading the entire archive, may affect performance.Analysis ReadyThis imagery layer is analysis ready with TOA correction applied.Visual RenderingDefault rendering is NDVI Colormap (Normalized Difference vegetation index with colormap) computed as NIR(Band8)-Red(Band4)/NIR(Band8)+Red(Band4) . The raw version of this layer is NDVI-Raw.Green represents vigorous vegetation and brown represents sparse vegetation.Rendering (or display) of band combinations and calculated indices is done on-the-fly from the source images via Raster Functions.Various pre-defined Raster Functions can be selected or custom functions created.Available renderings include: Agriculture with DRA, Bathymetric with DRA, Color-Infrared with DRA, Natural Color with DRA, Short-wave Infrared with DRA, Geology with DRA, NDMI Colorized, Normalized Difference Built-Up Index (NDBI), NDWI Raw, NDWI - with VRE Raw, NDVI – with VRE Raw (NDRE), NDVI - VRE only Raw, NDVI Raw, Normalized Burn RatioMultispectral BandsBandDescriptionWavelength (µm)Resolution (m)1Coastal aerosol0.433 - 0.453602Blue0.458 - 0.523103Green0.543 - 0.578104Red0.650 - 0.680105Vegetation Red Edge0.698 - 0.713206Vegetation Red Edge0.733 - 0.748207Vegetation Red Edge0.773 - 0.793208NIR0.785 - 0.900108ANarrow NIR0.855 - 0.875209Water vapour0.935 - 0.9556010SWIR – Cirrus1.365 - 1.3856011SWIR-11.565 - 1.6552012SWIR-22.100 - 2.28020Additional NotesOverviews exist with a spatial resolution of 150m and are updated every quarter based on the best and latest imagery available at that time.To work with source images at all scales, the ‘Lock Raster’ functionality is available.NOTE: ‘Lock Raster’ should only be used on the layer for short periods of time, as the imagery and associated record Object IDs may change daily.This ArcGIS Server dynamic imagery layer can be used in Web Maps and ArcGIS Desktop as well as Web and Mobile applications using the REST based Image services API.Images can be exported up to a maximum of 4,000 columns x 4,000 rows per request.Data SourceSentinel-2 imagery is the result of close collaboration between the (European Space Agency) ESA, the European Commission and USGS. Data is hosted by the Amazon Web Services as part of their Registry of Open Data. Users can access the imagery from Sentinel-2 on AWS , or alternatively access Sentinel2Look Viewer, EarthExplorer or the Copernicus Open Access Hub to download the scenes.For information on Sentinel-2 imagery, see Sentinel-2.

Sentinel-2 satellite imagery dataset providing high-resolution optical data for land monitoring, agriculture, and environmental applications.

This data set consists of observations from the Sentinel-5 Precursor (Sentinel-5P) satellite of the European Commission’s Copernicus Earth Observation Programme. Sentinel-5P is a polar orbiting satellite that completes 14 orbits of the Earth a day. It carries the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) which is a spectrometer that senses ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), near (NIR) and short wave infrared (SWIR) to monitor ozone, methane, formaldehyde, aerosol, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide in the atmosphere. The satellite was launched in October 2017 and entered routine operational phase in March 2019. Data is available from July 2018 onwards.

This web map features the Sentinel-2 imagery layer with a focus on the Caribbean. The Sentinel-2 imagery layer is updated daily with new satellite imagery scenes that have been published to Sentinel-2 on AWS collections. Visit the Sentinel-2 imagery layer item for more details.

This web map features the Sentinel-2 imagery layer with a focus on Africa. The Sentinel-2 imagery layer is updated daily with new satellite imagery scenes that have been published to Sentinel-2 on AWS collections. Visit the Sentinel-2 imagery layer item for more details.

Sentinel-2, 10m Multispectral 13-band imagery, rendered on-the-fly. Available for visualization and analytics, this Imagery Layer pulls directly from the Sentinel-2 on AWS collection and is updated daily with new imagery.This imagery layer can be used for multiple purposes including but not limited to vegetation, land cover, plant health, deforestation and environmental monitoring.Geographic CoverageGlobalContinental land masses from 65.4° South to 72.1° North, with these special guidelines:All coastal waters up to 20 km from the shoreAll islands greater than 100 km2All EU islandsAll closed seas (e.g. Caspian Sea)The Mediterranean SeaNote: Areas of interest going beyond the Mission baseline (as laid out in the Mission Requirements Document) will be assessed, and may be added to the baseline if sufficient resources are identified.Temporal CoverageThe revisit time for each point on Earth is every 5 days.This layer is updated daily with new imagery.This imagery layer is designed to include imagery collected within the past 14 months. Custom Image Services can be created for access to images older than 14 months.The number of images available will vary depending on location.Image Selection/FilteringThe most recent and cloud free image, for any location, is displayed by default.Any image available, within the past 14 months, can be displayed via custom filtering.Filtering can be done based on Acquisition Date, Estimated Cloud Cover, and Tile ID.Tile_ID is computed as [year][month][day]T[hours][minutes][seconds]_[UTMcode][latitudeband][square]_[sequence]. More…NOTE: Not using filters, and loading the entire archive, may affect performance.Analysis ReadyThis imagery layer is analysis ready with TOA correction applied.Visual RenderingDefault rendering is NDVI Raw (Normalized Difference vegetation index) computed as NIR(Band8)-Red(Band4)/NIR(Band8)+Red(Band4). The Colorized version of this layer is NDVI Colormap.Rendering (or display) of band combinations and calculated indices is done on-the-fly from the source images via Raster Functions.Various pre-defined Raster Functions can be selected or custom functions created.Available renderings include: Agriculture with DRA, Bathymetric with DRA, Color-Infrared with DRA, Natural Color with DRA, Short-wave Infrared with DRA, Geology with DRA, NDMI Colorized, Normalized Difference Built-Up Index (NDBI), NDWI Raw, NDWI - with VRE Raw, NDVI – with VRE Raw (NDRE), NDVI - VRE only Raw, NDVI-Raw, Normalized Burn Ratio, NDVI Colormap.Multispectral BandsBandDescriptionWavelength (µm)Resolution (m)1Coastal aerosol0.433 - 0.453602Blue0.458 - 0.523103Green0.543 - 0.578104Red0.650 - 0.680105Vegetation Red Edge0.698 - 0.713206Vegetation Red Edge0.733 - 0.748207Vegetation Red Edge0.773 - 0.793208NIR0.785 - 0.900108ANarrow NIR0.855 - 0.875209Water vapour0.935 - 0.9556010SWIR – Cirrus1.365 - 1.3856011SWIR-11.565 - 1.6552012SWIR-22.100 - 2.28020Additional NotesOverviews exist with a spatial resolution of 150m and are updated every quarter based on the best and latest imagery available at that time.To work with source images at all scales, the ‘Lock Raster’ functionality is available.NOTE: ‘Lock Raster’ should only be used on the layer for short periods of time, as the imagery and associated record Object IDs may change daily.This ArcGIS Server dynamic imagery layer can be used in Web Maps and ArcGIS Desktop as well as Web and Mobile applications using the REST based Image services API.Images can be exported up to a maximum of 4,000 columns x 4,000 rows per request.Data SourceSentinel-2 imagery is the result of close collaboration between the (European Space Agency) ESA, the European Commission and USGS. Data is hosted by the Amazon Web Services as part of their Registry of Open Data. Users can access the imagery from Sentinel-2 on AWS , or alternatively access Sentinel2Look Viewer, EarthExplorer or the Copernicus Open Access Hub to download the scenes.For information on Sentinel-2 imagery, see Sentinel-2.

This is a 13-band multispectral image service application that's part of the Living Atlas of the World on ArcGIS Online. It's also multi-temporal with a 5 day revisit time and includes the last 14 months of available imagery. It's updated daily with the latest imagery. The source imagery is hosted on AWS S3 in Franfurt. Anyone with an ArcGIS subscription has access to the service and does not use credits. Additional NotesSentinel Imagery group provides a consolidated location for all of the Esri hosted Sentinel-2 layersSentinel-2 Views provides access to available Sentinel-2 imagery, band combinations, and indices.The ‘best of’ imagery is displayed by default via a custom filter. This can be removed to explore the full 14 month archive.Sentinel Explorer app provides open access to the most recent and most cloud free imagery available.Full service access, including 14 month rolling archive, requires an ArcGIS subscription.This is a beta release.

Sentinel-2, 20 Multispectral 13-band imagery, rendered on-the-fly. Available for visualization and analytics, this Imagery Layer pulls directly from the Sentinel-2 on AWS collection and is updated daily with new imagery.This imagery layer can be used for multiple purposes including but not limited to applications including precision agriculture, forest monitoring, and vegetation stress detection.Geographic CoverageGlobalContinental land masses from 65.4° South to 72.1° North, with these special guidelines:All coastal waters up to 20 km from the shoreAll islands greater than 100 km2All EU islandsAll closed seas (e.g. Caspian Sea)The Mediterranean SeaNote: Areas of interest going beyond the Mission baseline (as laid out in the Mission Requirements Document) will be assessed, and may be added to the baseline if sufficient resources are identified.Temporal CoverageThe revisit time for each point on Earth is every 5 days.This layer is updated daily with new imagery.This imagery layer is designed to include imagery collected within the past 14 months. Custom Image Services can be created for access to images older than 14 months.The number of images available will vary depending on location.Image Selection/FilteringThe most recent and cloud free image, for any location, is displayed by default.Any image available, within the past 14 months, can be displayed via custom filtering.Filtering can be done based on Acquisition Date, Estimated Cloud Cover, and Tile ID.Tile_ID is computed as [year][month][day]T[hours][minutes][seconds]_[UTMcode][latitudeband][square]_[sequence]. More…NOTE: Not using filters, and loading the entire archive, may affect performance.Analysis ReadyThis imagery layer is analysis ready with TOA correction applied.Visual RenderingDefault rendering is NDVI –VRE only Raw (Normalized Difference vegetation index – VRE only Raw) computed as VegetationRedEdge(Band06)-VegetationRedEdge(Band05)/VegetationRedEdge(Band06)+VegetationRedEdge(Band05)This index is an alteration of the NDVI index and unlike the NDVI index which uses bands from the main absorption and reflectance peaks, this index uses the bands along the red edge. The VRE bands are very sensitive to minor changes in canopy foliage content, gap fraction and deterioration. Rendering (or display) of band combinations and calculated indices is done on-the-fly from the source images via Raster Functions.Various pre-defined Raster Functions can be selected or custom functions created.Available renderings include: Agriculture with DRA, Bathymetric with DRA, Color-Infrared with DRA, Natural Color with DRA, Short-wave Infrared with DRA, Geology with DRA, NDMI Colorized, Normalized Difference Built-Up Index (NDBI), NDWI Raw, NDWI - with VRE Raw, NDVI – with VRE Raw (NDRE), NDVI Raw, Normalized Burn Ratio, NDVI Colormap.Multispectral BandsBandDescriptionWavelength (µm)Resolution (m)1Coastal aerosol0.433 - 0.453602Blue0.458 - 0.523103Green0.543 - 0.578104Red0.650 - 0.680105Vegetation Red Edge0.698 - 0.713206Vegetation Red Edge0.733 - 0.748207Vegetation Red Edge0.773 - 0.793208NIR0.785 - 0.900108ANarrow NIR0.855 - 0.875209Water vapour0.935 - 0.9556010SWIR – Cirrus1.365 - 1.3856011SWIR-11.565 - 1.6552012SWIR-22.100 - 2.28020Additional NotesOverviews exist with a spatial resolution of 150m and are updated every quarter based on the best and latest imagery available at that time.To work with source images at all scales, the ‘Lock Raster’ functionality is available.NOTE: ‘Lock Raster’ should only be used on the layer for short periods of time, as the imagery and associated record Object IDs may change daily.This ArcGIS Server dynamic imagery layer can be used in Web Maps and ArcGIS Desktop as well as Web and Mobile applications using the REST based Image services API.Images can be exported up to a maximum of 4,000 columns x 4,000 rows per request.Data SourceSentinel-2 imagery is the result of close collaboration between the (European Space Agency) ESA, the European Commission and USGS. Data is hosted by the Amazon Web Services as part of their Registry of Open Data. Users can access the imagery from Sentinel-2 on AWS , or alternatively access Sentinel2Look Viewer, EarthExplorer or the Copernicus Open Access Hub to download the scenes.For information on Sentinel-2 imagery, see Sentinel-2.

Sentinel-2, 10 and 60m Multispectral 13-band imagery, rendered on-the-fly. Available for visualization and analytics, this Imagery Layer pulls directly from the Sentinel-2 on AWS collection and is updated daily with new imagery.This imagery layer can be used for multiple purposes including but not limited to bathymetric mapping applications, changing lands and marine environmental monitoring.Geographic CoverageGlobalContinental land masses from 65.4° South to 72.1° North, with these special guidelines:All coastal waters up to 20 km from the shoreAll islands greater than 100 km2All EU islandsAll closed seas (e.g. Caspian Sea)The Mediterranean SeaNote: Areas of interest going beyond the Mission baseline (as laid out in the Mission Requirements Document) will be assessed, and may be added to the baseline if sufficient resources are identified.Temporal CoverageThe revisit time for each point on Earth is every 5 days.This layer is updated daily with new imagery.This imagery layer is designed to include imagery collected within the past 14 months. Custom Image Services can be created for access to images older than 14 months.The number of images available will vary depending on location.Image Selection/FilteringThe most recent and cloud free image, for any location, is displayed by default.Any image available, within the past 14 months, can be displayed via custom filtering.Filtering can be done based on Acquisition Date, Estimated Cloud Cover, and Tile ID.Tile_ID is computed as [year][month][day]T[hours][minutes][seconds]_[UTMcode][latitudeband][square]_[sequence]. More…NOTE: Not using filters, and loading the entire archive, may affect performance.Analysis ReadyThis imagery layer is analysis ready with TOA correction applied.Visual RenderingDefault rendering is Bathymetric (bands 4,3,1) with Dynamic Range Adjustment (DRA). This DRA version enables visualization of the full dynamic range of the images. The non-DRA version of this layer can be viewed by switching to the pre-defined Bathymetric raster function.Bands red, green, coastal/aerosol with dynamic range adjustment applied. Useful in bathymetric mapping applications.Rendering (or display) of band combinations and calculated indices is done on-the-fly from the source images via Raster Functions.Various pre-defined Raster Functions can be selected or custom functions created.Available renderings include: Agriculture with DRA, Color-Infrared with DRA, Natural Color with DRA, Short-wave Infrared with DRA, Geology with DRA, NDMI Colorized, Normalized Difference Built-Up Index (NDBI), NDWI Raw, NDWI - with VRE Raw, NDVI – with VRE Raw (NDRE), NDVI - VRE only Raw, NDVI Raw, Normalized Burn Ratio, NDVI Colormap.Multispectral BandsBandDescriptionWavelength (µm)Resolution (m)1Coastal aerosol0.433 - 0.453602Blue0.458 - 0.523103Green0.543 - 0.578104Red0.650 - 0.680105Vegetation Red Edge0.698 - 0.713206Vegetation Red Edge0.733 - 0.748207Vegetation Red Edge0.773 - 0.793208NIR0.785 - 0.900108ANarrow NIR0.855 - 0.875209Water vapour0.935 - 0.9556010SWIR – Cirrus1.365 - 1.3856011SWIR-11.565 - 1.6552012SWIR-22.100 - 2.28020Additional NotesOverviews exist with a spatial resolution of 150m and are updated every quarter based on the best and latest imagery available at that time.To work with source images at all scales, the ‘Lock Raster’ functionality is available.NOTE: ‘Lock Raster’ should only be used on the layer for short periods of time, as the imagery and associated record Object IDs may change daily.This ArcGIS Server dynamic imagery layer can be used in Web Maps and ArcGIS Desktop as well as Web and Mobile applications using the REST based Image services API.Images can be exported up to a maximum of 4,000 columns x 4,000 rows per request.Data SourceSentinel-2 imagery is the result of close collaboration between the (European Space Agency) ESA, the European Commission and USGS. Data is hosted by the Amazon Web Services as part of their Registry of Open Data. Users can access the imagery from Sentinel-2 on AWS , or alternatively access Sentinel2Look Viewer, EarthExplorer or the Copernicus Open Access Hub to download the scenes.For information on Sentinel-2 imagery, see Sentinel-2.

ben-ge/DEM: BigEarthNet Extended with Geographical and Environmental Data/Elevation Data

M. Mommert, N. Kesseli, J. Hanna, L. Scheibenreif, D. Borth, B. Demir, "ben-ge: Extending BigEarthNet with Geographical and Environmental Data", IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Pasadena, USA, 2023.

ben-ge is a multimodal dataset for Earth observation (https://github.com/HSG-AIML/ben-ge) that serves as an extension to the BigEarthNet dataset. ben-ge complements the Sentinel-1/2 data contained in BigEarthNet by providing additional data modalities:

* elevation data extracted from the Copernicus Digital Elevation Model GLO-30;
* land-use/land-cover data extracted from ESA Worldcover;
* climate zone information extracted from Beck et al. 2018;
* environmental data concurrent with the Sentinel-1/2 observations from the ERA-5 global reanalysis;
* a seasonal encoding.

This archive contains the digital elevation model (DEM) data of ben-ge, which were extracted from the Copernicus Digital Elevation Model (GLO-30).

Data

Topographic maps are generated based on the global Copernicus Digital Elevation Model (GLO-30) (https://spacedata.copernicus.eu/collections/copernicus-digital-elevation-model). Relevant GLO-30 map tiles from the 2021 data release were downloaded through AWS (https://registry.opendata.aws/copernicus-dem/), reprojected into the coordinate frame of the corresponding Sentinel-1/2 patches and interpolated with bilinear resampling to 10 m resolution on the ground.

Elevation data are provided in a separate geotiff file for each patch. The naming convention for these files uses the Sentinel-2 patch_id to which we append _dem.tif. Each file contains a single band with 16-bit integer values that refer to the elevation of that pixel over sea level.

Relevant meta data for the ben-ge dataset are compiled in the file ben-ge_meta.csv. This file resides on the root level of this archive and contains the following data for each patch:
* patch_id: the Sentinel-2 patch id, which plays a central role for cross-referencing different data modalities for individual patches;
* patch_id_s1: the Sentinel-1 patch id for this specific patch;
* timestamp_s2: the timestamp for the Sentinel-2 observation;
* timestamp_s1: the timestamp for the Sentinel-1 observation;
* season_s2: the seasonal encoding (see below) for the time of the Sentinel-2 observation;
* season_s1: the seasonal encoding (see below) for the time of the Sentinel-1 observation;
* lon: longitude (WGS-84) of the center of the patch [degrees];
* lat: latitude (WGS-84) of the center of the patch [degrees];
* climatezone: integer value indicating the climate zone based on Beck et al. 2018 (see below for details).

File and directory structure

This archive contains the following directory and file structure:

|
|--- README (this file)
|--- ben-ge_meta.csv (ben-ge meta data)
|--- dem/ (digital elevation model data)
|--- S2A_MSIL2A_20171208T093351_3_82_dem.tif
...

To properly conserve the file and directory structure of the ben-ge dataset, please place this archive file on the root level of the ben-ge dataset and then unpack it. Once unpacked, ben-ge/DEM requires 17.2 GB of space.

Other data modalities from ben-ge (as well as Sentinel-1/2 data as provided by BigEarthNet, https://bigearth.net/#downloads), may be added as required. For reference, the recommended structure for the full dataset looks as follows:

|
|--- ben-ge_meta.csv (ben-ge meta data)
|--- ben-ge_era-5.csv (ben-ge environmental data)
|--- ben-ge_esaworldcover.csv (patch-wise ben-ge land-use/land-cover data)
|--- dem/ (digital elevation model data)
| |--- S2A_MSIL2A_20171208T093351_3_82_dem.tif
| ...
|--- esaworldcover/ (land-use/land-cover data)
| |--- S2B_MSIL2A_20170914T93030_26_83_esaworldcover.tif
| ...
|--- sentinel-1/ (Sentinel-1 SAR data)
| |--- S1A_IW_GRDH_1SDV_20180219T063851_29UPV_70_43/
| |--- S1A_IW_GRDH_1SDV_20180219T063851_29UPV_70_43_labels_metadata.json (BigEarthNet label file)
| |--- S1A_IW_GRDH_1SDV_20180219T063851_29UPV_70_43_VH.tif (BigEarthNet/Sentinel-1 VH polarization data)
| |--- S1A_IW_GRDH_1SDV_20180219T063851_29UPV_70_43_VV.tif (BigEarthNet/Sentinel-1 VV polarization data)
| ...
|--- sentinel-2/ (Sentinel-2 multispectral data)
| |--- S2B_MSIL2A_20170818T112109_31_83/
| |--- S2B_MSIL2A_20170818T112109_31_83_B01.tif (BigEarthNet/Sentinel-2 Band 1 data)
| |--- S2B_MSIL2A_20170818T112109_31_83_B02.tif (BigEarthNet/Sentinel-2 Band 2 data)
| |--- S2B_MSIL2A_20170818T112109_31_83_B03.tif (BigEarthNet/Sentinel-2 Band 3 data)
| |--- S2B_MSIL2A_20170818T112109_31_83_B04.tif (BigEarthNet/Sentinel-2 Band 4 data)
| |--- S2B_MSIL2A_20170818T112109_31_83_B05.tif (BigEarthNet/Sentinel-2 Band 5 data)
| |--- S2B_MSIL2A_20170818T112109_31_83_B06.tif (BigEarthNet/Sentinel-2 Band 6 data)
| |--- S2B_MSIL2A_20170818T112109_31_83_B07.tif (BigEarthNet/Sentinel-2 Band 7 data)
| |--- S2B_MSIL2A_20170818T112109_31_83_B08.tif (BigEarthNet/Sentinel-2 Band 8 data)
| |--- S2B_MSIL2A_20170818T112109_31_83_B09.tif (BigEarthNet/Sentinel-2 Band 9 data)
| |--- S2B_MSIL2A_20170818T112109_31_83_B11.tif (BigEarthNet/Sentinel-2 Band 11 data)
| |--- S2B_MSIL2A_20170818T112109_31_83_B12.tif (BigEarthNet/Sentinel-2 Band 12 data)
| |--- S2B_MSIL2A_20170818T112109_31_83_B8A.tif (BigEarthNet/Sentinel-2 Band 8A data)
| |--- S2B_MSIL2A_20170818T112109_31_83_labels_metadata.json (BigEarthNet label file)
...

More Information

For more information, please refer to https://github.com/HSG-AIML/ben-ge.

Citing ben-ge
If you use data contained in this archive, please cite the following paper:

M. Mommert, N. Kesseli, J. Hanna, L. Scheibenreif, D. Borth, B. Demir, "ben-ge: Extending BigEarthNet with Geographical and Environmental Data", IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Pasadena, USA, 2023.

This data set is the first-of-its-kind spatial representation of multi-seasonal, global SAR repeat-pass interferometric coherence and backscatter signatures. Global coverage comprises all land masses and ice sheets from 82 degrees northern to 79 degrees southern latitude. The data set is derived from high-resolution multi-temporal repeat-pass interferometric processing of about 205,000 Sentinel-1 Single-Look-Complex data acquired in Interferometric Wide-Swath mode (Sentinel-1 IW mode) from 1-Dec-2019 to 30-Nov-2020. The data set was developed by Earth Big Data LLC and Gamma Remote Sensing AG, under contract for NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The data set covers four sets of seasonal (DJF/MAM/JJA/SON) metrics: 1) Median 6-, 12-, 18-, 24-, 36-, and 48-day repeat coherence estimates for C-band VV and HH polarized data, 2) Mean backscatter (gamma naught) for VV, VH, HH, and HV polarizations, 3) Seasonal coherence decay model parameters rho, tau, and rmse, 4) Local incidence and layover/shadow regions for all relative orbits (175 orbits). Note that in the data set filenames the seasons were referred to as northern hemisphere winter (DJF), spring (MAM), summer (JJA), and fall (SON). The data set is available in two main components: 1) 1x1 degree tiles. Each tile contains GeoTiffs at 3 arcsec pixel spacing of all metrics available in the tile. (s3://sentinel-1-global-coherence-earthbigdata/data/tiles/), 2) Global mosaicked tiles as cloud optimized GeoTIFFs (COG) at 0.01 degree pixel spacing (s3://sentinel-1-global-coherence-earthbigdata/data/mosaics/) for each of the computed metrics.

ben-ge-8k: BigEarthNet Extended with Geographical and Environmental Data

M. Mommert, N. Kesseli, J. Hanna, L. Scheibenreif, D. Borth, B. Demir, "ben-ge: Extending BigEarthNet with Geographical and Environmental Data", IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Pasadena, USA, 2023.

ben-ge-8k is a small-scale multimodal dataset for Earth observation that is a subset of the ben-ge dataset (https://github.com/HSG-AIML/ben-ge), which in turn serves as an extension to the BigEarthNet dataset. ben-ge complements the Sentinel-1/2 data contained in BigEarthNet by providing additional data modalities:

• elevation data extracted from the Copernicus Digital Elevation Model GLO-30;
• land-use/land-cover data extracted from ESA Worldcover;
• climate zone information extracted from Beck et al. 2018;
• environmental data concurrent with the Sentinel-1/2 observations from the ERA-5 global reanalysis;
• a seasonal encoding.

ben-ge-8k contains 8000 patches out of 590,326 patches in the full ben-ge dataset. These 8000 patches were sampled in such a way that for each of the 8 most common ESA WorldCover land-use/land-cover classes (tree cover, shrubland, grassland, cropland, built-up, bare/sparse vegetation, permanent water bodies, herbaceous wetland), we sampled 1000 patches randomly and used the fractional coverage of this class as a weight in the sampling process. As a result, these classes are slightly more balanced in ben-ge-8k than in the full dataset.

Data Modalities and Products

Meta Data

Relevant meta data for the ben-ge-8k dataset are compiled in the file ben-ge-8k_meta.csv. This file resides on the root level of this archive and contains the following data for each patch: * patch_id: the Sentinel-2 patch id, which plays a central role for cross-referencing different data modalities for individual patches; * patch_id_s1: the Sentinel-1 patch id for this specific patch; * timestamp_s2: the timestamp for the Sentinel-2 observation; * timestamp_s1: the timestamp for the Sentinel-1 observation; * season_s2: the seasonal encoding (see below) for the time of the Sentinel-2 observation; * season_s1: the seasonal encoding (see below) for the time of the Sentinel-1 observation; * lon: longitude (WGS-84) of the center of the patch [degrees]; * lat: latitude (WGS-84) of the center of the patch [degrees]; * climatezone: integer value indicating the climate zone based on Beck et al. 2018 (see below for details).

Digital Elevation Model (Copernicus DEM GLO-30)

DEM data are contained in the dem/ directory of this archive.

Topographic maps are generated based on the global Copernicus Digital Elevation Model (GLO-30) (https://spacedata.copernicus.eu/collections/copernicus-digital-elevation-model). Relevant GLO-30 map tiles from the 2021 data release were downloaded through AWS (https://registry.opendata.aws/copernicus-dem/), reprojected into the coordinate frame of the corresponding Sentinel-1/2 patches and interpolated with bilinear resampling to 10 m resolution on the ground.

Elevation data are provided in a separate geotiff file for each patch. The naming convention for these files uses the Sentinel-2 patch_id to which we append _dem.tif. Each file contains a single band with 16-bit integer values that refer to the elevation of that pixel over sea level.

Land-use/Land-cover Data (ESA WorldCover)

Land-use/land-cover data are contained in the esaworldcover/ directory of this archive.

Land-use/land-cover map tiles matching the Sentinel-1/2 patches were extracted from ESA WorldCover (https://esa-worldcover.org). Relevant tiles were downloaded and reprojected into the coordinate frame of the corresponding Sentinel-1/2 patches. WorldCover data are available both as maps and as class fractions that are aggregated over each patch.

Land-use/land-cover map data are provided in a separate geotiff file for each patch. The naming convention for these files uses the Sentinel-2 patch_id to which we append _esaworldcover.tif. Each file contains a single band with 8-bit integer values that map to land-use/land-cover definitions provided by the ESA WorldCover Product User Manual (https://esa-worldcover.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/v200/2021/docs/WorldCover_PUM_V2.0.pdf) (page 15).

The file ben-ge-8k_esaworldcover.csv contains the fractions by which each of the different classes cover the corresponding patch. This product may be useful to generate single-label or multi-label targets for different classification setups.

Environmental Data (ERA-5)

Weather data are contained in the ben-ge-8k_era-5.csv file.

Weather data at the time of observation (temperature at 2 m above the ground, relative humidity, wind vectors at 10 m above the ground) are extracted from the ERA-5 global reanalysis (https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/reanalysis-era5-pressure-levels) for the pressure level at the mean elevation of the observed scene and the time of observation (separately queried for Sentinel-1/2 observations).

Environmental data are available in the file ben-ge-8k_era-5.csv. For each patch, identified through the Sentinel-2 patch_id or the corresponding Sentinel-1 patch id patch_id_s1, the file contains the following parameters: * atmpressure_level: atmospheric pressure level at which parameters have been queried [mbar] * temperature_s2: temperature 2m above ground at the time of the Sentinel-2 observation [K] * temperature_s1: temperature 2m above ground at the time of the Sentinel-1 observation [K] * wind-u_s2: eastward component of the wind, at a height of 10 meters above the surface of the Earth at the time of the Sentinel-2 observation [m/s] * wind-u_s1: eastward component of the wind, at a height of 10 meters above the surface of the Earth at the time of the Sentinel-1 observation [m/s] * wind-v_s2: northward component of the wind, at a height of 10 meters above the surface of the Earth at the time of the Sentinel-2 observation [m/s] * wind-v_s1: northward component of the wind, at a height of 10 meters above the surface of the Earth at the time of the Sentinel-2 observation [m/s] * relhumidity_s2: relative humidity at the time of the Sentinel-2 observation [%] * relhumidity_s1: relative humidity at the time of the Sentinel-1 observation [%]

as extracted from the ERA-5 global reanalysis (https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/reanalysis-era5-pressure-levels) for the patch location. Please see the corresponding documentation for details.

Seasonal Encoding To capture the season at the time of observation, we apply a non-linear encoding that scale the date of the observation into the interval [0, 1], referring to [winter, summer] solstice. For any given date, we derive the fractional year and shift it by 9 days such that 21 June has the fractional year 0.5 and 22 December has the fractional year 0 or 1. To account for this ambiguity and the periodicity of the seasons, we modulate the fractional year with a sine function such that 21 June leads to a seasonal encoding of 1 and 22 December leads to a seasonal encoding of 0.

Seasonal encodings are provided by the column season in the ben-ge-8k_meta.csv file. Season values cover the interval [0,1] as a continuous variable where 1 refers to summer solstice and 0 refers to winter solstice.

Climate zone classification (Beck et al. 2018)

Patch-based climate zone classifications, based on the Köppen-Geiger scheme, were extracted from Beck et al. (2018) (https://www.nature.com/articles/sdata2018214), utilizing their present-day 1-km resolution map. Due to geographical focus of BigEarthNet on Europe, only 11 out of 27 different classes are present in this dataset. Please note that patches that are fully covered by surface water have no climate zone class assigned to them (class label equals zero in this case). Labels are encoded as discrete integer values that follow the schema introduced by Beck et al. 2018 in their legend.txt file that is included here: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.6396959.

Climate zone classification labels are provided by the column climatezone in the ben-ge-8k_meta.csv file.

File and directory structure

This archive contains the following directory and file structure:

| |--- README (this file) |--- ben-ge-8k_meta.csv (ben-ge-8k meta data) |--- ben-ge-8k_era-5.csv (ben-ge-8k environmental data) |--- ben-ge-8k_esaworldcover.csv (patch-wise ben-ge-8k land-use/land-cover data) |--- dem/ (digital elevation model data) | |--- S2A_MSIL2A_20171208T093351_3_82_dem.tif | ... |--- esaworldcover/ (land-use/land-cover data) | |--- S2B_MSIL2A_20170914T93030_26_83_esaworldcover.tif | ... |--- sentinel-1/ (Sentinel-1 SAR data) | |--- S1A_IW_GRDH_1SDV_20180219T063851_29UPV_70_43/ | |--- S1A_IW_GRDH_1SDV_20180219T063851_29UPV_70_43_labels_metadata.json (BigEarthNet label file) | |--- S1A_IW_GRDH_1SDV_20180219T063851_29UPV_70_43_VH.tif (BigEarthNet/Sentinel-1 VH polarization data) | |--- S1A_IW_GRDH_1SDV_20180219T063851_29UPV_70_43_VV.tif (BigEarthNet/Sentinel-1 VV polarization data) | ... |--- sentinel-2/ (Sentinel-2 multispectral data) | |--- S2B_MSIL2A_20170818T112109_31_83/ | |--- S2B_MSIL2A_20170818T112109_31_83_B01.tif (BigEarthNet/Sentinel-2 Band 1 data) | |--- S2B_MSIL2A_20170818T112109_31_83_B02.tif (BigEarthNet/Sentinel-2 Band 2 data) | |--- S2B_MSIL2A_20170818T112109_31_83_B03.tif (BigEarthNet/Sentinel-2 Band 3 data) | |--- S2B_MSIL2A_20170818T112109_31_83_B04.tif (BigEarthNet/Sentinel-2 Band 4 data) | |--- S2B_MSIL2A_20170818T112109_31_83_B05.tif (BigEarthNet/Sentinel-2 Band 5 data) | |--- S2B_MSIL2A_20170818T112109_31_83_B06.tif (BigEarthNet/Sentinel-2 Band 6 data) | |--- S2B_MSIL2A_20170818T112109_31_83_B07.tif (BigEarthNet/Sentinel-2 Band 7 data) |

The S1 Single Look Complex (SLC) dataset contains Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data in the C-Band wavelength. The SAR sensors are installed on a two-satellite (Sentinel-1A and Sentinel-1B) constellation orbiting the Earth with a combined revisit time of six days, operated by the European Space Agency. The S1 SLC data are a Level-1 product that collects radar amplitude and phase information in all-weather, day or night conditions, which is ideal for studying natural hazards and emergency response, land applications, oil spill monitoring, sea-ice conditions, and associated climate change effects.