Background check providers have enjoyed growth over the current period. The robust demand for background check services, which spans a variety of corporate clients and smaller businesses, creates a consistent demand niche for operators. Although operators continue to enjoy robust demand, shaky economic conditions and volatility in the overall labor market have affected their rate of growth. The outbreak of the pandemic and rising interest rates hindered the labor market in 2020 and 2024. Higher unemployment rates negatively affect the industry as a significant portion of overall revenue stems from employment application background services. Overall, revenue grew at a CAGR of 5.4% to an estimated $5.1 billion over the past five years, including an anticipated 0.5% decline in 2025. One factor bolstering background check providers has been the rising digitization and automation of individuals' private and public records. High price competition led to the growing consolidation of background check providers, while many smaller companies exited the industry because they could not compete effectively. As the number of companies declined, profit increased due to lower competition. Using automation and AI integration has allowed companies to cut back on wage and employee expenses, contributing to robust earnings of 10.6%. Over the outlook period, background check providers will face difficulties as the labor market lags early. Still, as the great resignation's impact subsides and tech, finance and government entities ramp up hiring, they will enjoy continued growth. Consolidation will continue, reducing the number of background check providers and expanding the market share of larger background check providers. As companies invest more in technology, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and automation, smaller companies continue to exit the industry, as the majority will be unable to keep up with technological advances due to capital constraints. Profit will expand as wage and employment costs continue to dip as a revenue share. Regulation changes will complicate background checks over the outlook period, further pressuring smaller providers. Continuous real-time background screening services will provide consistent growth. Revenue is forecast to grow at a CAGR of 3.3% to an estimated $5.5 billion through the end of 2030.

Market Size statistics on the Background Check Services industry in the US

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global background screening market size was USD 11930.65 million in 2024. It will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of xx% from 2024 to 2031.

North America held the major market share for more than 41.32% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 5298.08 million in 2024.
Europe accounted for a market share of over 26.34% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 3142.53 million.
Asia Pacific held a market share of around 20.12% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 2400.45 million in 2024.
Latin America had a market share of more than 6.21% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 740.89 million in 2024.
Middle East had a market share of around 4.50% of the global revenue and was estimated at a market size of USD 536.88 million in 2024.
Africa had a market share of around 1.51% of the global revenue and was estimated at a market size of USD 180.15 million in 2024.
The drug testing is the fastest growing segment of the background screening industry

Market Dynamics of Background Screening Market

Key Drivers for Background Screening Market

Rising need for risk management to drive market growth

The increasing emphasis on risk management is a key driver positively impacting the growth of the background screening market. Businesses are highly focused on minimizing risks associated with negligent hiring, which could lead to financial losses, workplace violence, and reputational damage. By conducting thorough background checks, companies can ensure that they hire trustworthy employees, reducing the likelihood of legal complications. This is particularly important in sectors such as healthcare, finance, and education, where employee integrity is critical. Additionally, the rise in fraud, identity theft, and cybersecurity threats in recent years has made risk management strategies, including background screening, a necessity. As businesses continue to grow, especially on a global scale, background checks are becoming more integrated into risk mitigation frameworks, contributing to market expansion.

Growth in the gig economy to boost market growth

The rapid expansion of the gig economy is driving the need for enhanced background screening services. As more companies rely on freelancers, contractors, and temporary workers, ensuring that these individuals meet the necessary legal and ethical standards has become crucial. Gig workers often operate with less direct supervision, which increases the need for thorough vetting to ensure that they do not pose a risk to companies or their customers. Background checks help businesses avoid legal issues related to misconduct or unqualified personnel. As the gig economy continues to grow across industries such as ride-sharing, delivery services, and remote freelance work, companies are increasingly investing in quick, scalable, and automated screening tools. This trend will further boost the adoption of background screening services in the market.

Restraint Factor for the Background Screening Market

Limitations in accessing international data to limit market growth

Limitations in accessing international data pose a significant challenge to the growth of the background screening market. As businesses expand globally, the need for comprehensive background checks across different countries has grown. However, differences in privacy laws, data protection regulations, and inconsistent access to public records across nations create barriers to obtaining accurate and timely information. In some countries, legal restrictions prevent background screening providers from accessing criminal records or verifying employment and educational histories. Additionally, language barriers, lack of standardized databases, and varying levels of digital infrastructure further complicate international checks. These challenges can result in delays, increased costs, or incomplete screenings, which reduce the effectiveness of global background checks. As a result, companies may be deterred from conducting thorough international screenings, limiting the market’s overall growth potential.

Impact of Covid-19 on the Background Screening Market

COVID-19 had a negative impact on the background screening market, primarily due to the hiring slowdown and disruptions in verification processes. As companies froze hiring or significantly reduced recruitment activities during the...

The market for background checks is projected to reach a value of $2906.9 million by 2033, growing at a CAGR of 5.3% over the forecast period. Increasing demand for background checks in various industries, such as employment screening, tenant screening, and criminal background checks, is driving the growth of the market. The rising need for background checks to ensure the safety and security of individuals and organizations is further contributing to market expansion. Moreover, the adoption of cloud-based background check solutions is gaining traction, offering benefits such as cost-effectiveness, scalability, and accessibility. Key market trends include the growing adoption of automated background check systems, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) for identity verification, and the integration of background check services with HR software. Companies such as Sterling Infosystems, First Advantage, HireRight, Kroll Inc., and Spokeo are leading the market, offering comprehensive background check solutions. Regional analysis indicates that North America and Europe are the dominant regions, while Asia-Pacific is expected to witness significant growth over the forecast period due to increased awareness and adoption of background checks in emerging economies.

Background Screening Market is Segmented by Screening Type (Employment Screening, Criminal Background Checks, and More), Deployment (Cloud, On-Premises), Industry Vertical (IT and Telecom, BFSI, and More), Organization Size (Large Enterprises, Small and Mid-Sized Enterprises), and by Geography. The Market Forecasts are Provided in Terms of Value (USD).

The global third-party background check services market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing regulatory compliance needs across various industries and a heightened focus on workplace safety and security. The market, estimated at $15 billion in 2025, is projected to expand at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 12% from 2025 to 2033, reaching approximately $45 billion by 2033. This growth is fueled by several key factors. Firstly, the rising adoption of cloud-based solutions and advanced technologies such as AI and machine learning is streamlining the background check process, improving accuracy and efficiency, and lowering costs. Secondly, the increasing prevalence of cybercrime and data breaches is making thorough background checks critical for organizations to mitigate risks. Thirdly, the expansion of the gig economy and remote work has created a greater need for reliable and efficient background verification solutions. Finally, stringent government regulations regarding employee screening across diverse sectors – from finance and healthcare to transportation – are further bolstering market demand. The market is segmented by application (startups, SMEs, large enterprises) and type of service (criminal background checks, financial background checks, due diligence, and others), with large enterprises and comprehensive due diligence services currently commanding significant market shares. Geographical expansion is also a key driver. North America currently holds the largest market share, followed by Europe and Asia Pacific. However, emerging economies in Asia and Africa present significant untapped potential, with increasing adoption rates expected in the coming years. While the market enjoys strong growth, challenges remain. These include data privacy concerns, the need to maintain accurate and unbiased screening processes, and the ongoing need to adapt to evolving regulatory landscapes across different regions. Competitive pressures from established players and the emergence of innovative startups are also shaping the market dynamics. This necessitates continuous innovation and a focus on data security to maintain market leadership and meet evolving client needs. The continuous improvement in data accuracy and efficiency alongside a commitment to ethical practices will be crucial for long-term success within this dynamic market.

The enterprise-level background check service market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing regulatory compliance requirements, heightened security concerns, and the expanding adoption of digital technologies across various industries. The market, estimated at $5 billion in 2025, is projected to achieve a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 12% from 2025 to 2033, reaching approximately $12 billion by 2033. This growth is fueled by several key factors. Firstly, stringent government regulations across sectors like finance, healthcare, and education mandate comprehensive background checks for employees and contractors. Secondly, concerns surrounding workplace safety and data breaches are prompting organizations to prioritize robust background screening processes. Thirdly, advancements in technology, including AI-powered verification tools and streamlined online platforms, are improving efficiency and accuracy while reducing costs. The market segmentation reveals strong growth in applications focused on hiring and pre-employment screening, as well as increasing demand for enhanced background checks incorporating social media and criminal record analysis. Geographic distribution shows North America and Europe holding significant market share, driven by advanced regulatory landscapes and high adoption rates, although the Asia-Pacific region presents a promising avenue for future expansion due to its rapid economic growth and burgeoning workforce. However, market growth is not without its challenges. Data privacy concerns and the associated legal and compliance requirements present a key restraint. The cost of conducting comprehensive background checks, especially for global organizations with diverse workforce demographics, can also be a barrier for some enterprises. Furthermore, the potential for inaccuracies in data sources and the need for consistent verification processes across different regions represent ongoing challenges for market players. To overcome these challenges, innovative approaches such as blockchain technology for data integrity and improved international collaboration on data sharing are expected to shape the market landscape in the coming years. The market's success hinges on providers' ability to offer secure, compliant, efficient, and accurate services while adapting to ever-evolving regulations and technological advancements.

The global background check services market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing regulatory compliance requirements across various industries, heightened concerns about workplace safety and security, and the expanding adoption of digital technologies for streamlined verification processes. The market is segmented by deployment type (cloud-based and on-premise) and customer type (commercial and private). Cloud-based solutions are witnessing faster adoption due to their scalability, cost-effectiveness, and accessibility. Commercial customers, including large enterprises and SMEs, dominate the market share owing to their stringent hiring needs and risk mitigation strategies. However, the private sector, particularly for tenant screening and personal background checks, is also showing significant growth potential. Geographic distribution reveals strong market presence in North America and Europe, attributable to well-established regulatory frameworks and high awareness of background check importance. Asia-Pacific is expected to exhibit high growth in the coming years driven by increasing urbanization, a burgeoning workforce, and expanding technological infrastructure. Competitive forces within the market are intense, with established players like Sterling Infosystems and HireRight competing alongside specialized regional players. The market is likely to experience consolidation in the coming years, with larger firms acquiring smaller businesses to expand their service portfolios and geographic reach. Factors such as data privacy concerns and the evolving regulatory landscape represent key challenges that will shape the industry's future trajectory. The forecast period of 2025-2033 anticipates continued expansion, propelled by the increasing adoption of advanced technologies like AI and machine learning for enhanced accuracy and efficiency in background checks. Furthermore, the rising demand for comprehensive background screening services that encompass diverse verification checks, such as criminal history, credit history, education verification, and employment verification, will fuel market growth. However, factors like stringent data protection regulations (GDPR, CCPA) and potential increases in the cost of conducting background checks due to evolving compliance requirements could act as restraints. Companies in this sector are likely to invest in developing innovative solutions that ensure compliance, enhance data security, and provide superior customer experiences to maintain a competitive edge. The market's evolution will depend critically on striking a balance between comprehensive security needs and responsible data handling practices.

The global background check market was valued at $4,242 million in 2025 and is projected to reach $6,462 million by 2033, exhibiting a CAGR of 5.2% during the forecast period. The rising prevalence of identity theft and fraud, coupled with increasing concerns regarding workplace safety, are driving the market growth. Furthermore, the adoption of cloud-based solutions, which offer scalability, flexibility, and reduced costs, is contributing to the market expansion. Moreover, government regulations and industry compliance requirements are mandating the use of background check services, further augmenting market growth. Market segments include:

Type: Cloud-based, on-premise Application: Commercial, private Companies: Sterling Infosystems, First Advantage, HireRight, Kroll Inc, Spokeo, etc. Region: North America, South America, Europe, Middle East & Africa, Asia Pacific

The North American region holds a dominant market share due to the presence of a large number of established players and stringent regulatory compliance requirements. However, the Asia-Pacific region is expected to witness the fastest growth due to increasing awareness of the importance of background checks and government initiatives promoting the adoption of these services. Key trends and developments in the market include the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) for automating processes and enhancing accuracy, as well as the integration of social media screening into background check services. The availability of comprehensive background checks, including criminal history, employment history, and social media presence, is also influencing market growth.

Market Size and Growth: The global background check services market is valued at approximately XXX million in 2023 and is projected to reach XXX million by 2033, exhibiting a CAGR of XX% during the forecast period. The market growth is driven by increasing regulations for businesses and government agencies to conduct thorough background checks on employees and contractors, rising concerns about workplace safety and security, and the adoption of cloud-based background check solutions. Key Market Trends: The increasing demand for commercial background checks in sectors such as healthcare, finance, and technology is a major driver of market growth. The trend towards remote work and distributed workforce models has also boosted the demand for cloud-based background check solutions, as businesses need to ensure that their remote employees meet regulatory and security requirements. Other key market trends include the adoption of AI and automation to streamline the background check process, the emergence of specialized background check services for industries such as healthcare and education, and the growing awareness of data privacy and security concerns in background check services.

The global business background check market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing concerns about employee fraud, regulatory compliance mandates, and the need to mitigate reputational risks. The market size in 2025 is estimated at $5 billion, exhibiting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 12% from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key trends, including the rising adoption of advanced technologies like AI and machine learning for enhanced screening processes, and the increasing demand for comprehensive background checks encompassing social media analysis and international verification. The market is segmented by various factors such as check type (criminal records, employment history, education verification), industry (finance, healthcare, technology), and geography. The growth is further propelled by the increasing digitization of HR processes and a growing preference for automated solutions that streamline workflows. Major restraints include data privacy concerns, the complexity of international background checks, and the potential for bias in automated screening systems. Leading companies such as Sterling Infosystems, HireRight, Checkr, and others are continuously innovating to improve accuracy, efficiency, and compliance. The competitive landscape is characterized by consolidation and partnerships, as companies seek to expand their service offerings and geographic reach. The forecast period (2025-2033) suggests the market will continue its upward trajectory, driven by continued technological advancements and increasing demand across various industries and regions, particularly in North America and Europe, where stringent regulations and a large workforce create significant market opportunities. Future growth hinges on addressing data security challenges and ensuring ethical and unbiased practices within the automated screening processes.

Employee Background Check Market Outlook

The global employee background check market size was valued at approximately USD 4.8 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 9.6 billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 7.7% during the forecast period. This substantial growth is driven by increasing organizational needs for reliability and trustworthiness in new hires, as well as the rising incidences of fraudulent activities and identity theft.

One of the major growth factors propelling the employee background check market is the heightened awareness among employers regarding the potential risks associated with negligent hiring. Companies are increasingly recognizing that the cost of a bad hire can be enormous, encompassing lost productivity, legal issues, and damage to the company's reputation. As a result, there is a growing trend toward comprehensive background checks, incorporating various aspects such as criminal history, educational verification, and employment history.

Additionally, regulatory compliance is another significant driver. Many industries are subject to stringent regulatory requirements that mandate thorough background checks. For instance, sectors like healthcare and finance often have specific guidelines that necessitate rigorous screening processes to ensure that personnel meet critical qualifications and do not pose a risk to clients or sensitive information. This mandatory compliance is fostering the widespread adoption of employee background check services across various sectors.

Technological advancements are also playing a crucial role. The proliferation of digital platforms for conducting background checks has enabled faster, more accurate, and more comprehensive screening processes. Innovations such as artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are being integrated to improve the efficiency and reliability of background checks. These technologies can quickly analyze vast amounts of data from multiple sources, thereby reducing the time required for manual verifications and minimizing human errors.

The emergence of Background Check Software has revolutionized the way organizations conduct their screening processes. This software allows for the automation of various checks, such as criminal records, credit history, and employment verification, significantly reducing the time and effort required for manual processes. By leveraging advanced algorithms and data analytics, Background Check Software can quickly sift through vast amounts of information to provide comprehensive insights into a candidate's history. This not only enhances the efficiency of the hiring process but also improves the accuracy of the results, ensuring that organizations make informed decisions when selecting new employees.

Regionally, North America is expected to dominate the employee background check market, driven by high adoption rates among organizations and stringent regulatory frameworks. However, regions like Asia Pacific are witnessing rapid growth due to increasing awareness and adoption of background check services in emerging economies. Europe also presents a substantial market owing to stringent compliance requirements and the presence of numerous multinational corporations.

Type Analysis

The employee background check market can be segmented by type into pre-employment screening, post-employment screening, criminal background checks, credit checks, and others. Pre-employment screening is a critical component of the hiring process, aimed at verifying the claims made by job candidates during the recruitment phase. This process includes checking educational qualifications, previous work experience, and references to ensure that the candidate is a good fit for the organization. The growing emphasis on hiring the right talent is pushing the demand for pre-employment screening services.

Post-employment screening, on the other hand, is gaining traction as organizations aim to continually assess their employees' backgrounds. This type of screening is particularly important for sensitive roles where ongoing security clearance is required. For instance, in the finance and healthcare sectors, periodic background checks help in maintaining the integrity of the workforce by ensuring that employees continue to meet the necessary qualifications and have not engaged in any activities that would disqualify them from their positions.

Criminal backg

The market for employment background check services is rapidly growing, with a market size of USD 8.05 million in 2025 and is projected to reach USD 21.98 million by 2033, exhibiting a CAGR of 13.1% during the forecast period (2025-2033). The rising demand for background checks is primarily driven by the increasing need for employers to ensure the safety and well-being of their employees, customers, and other stakeholders. Additionally, stringent government regulations and compliance requirements in various industries, such as healthcare, finance, and education, are further fueling the growth of the market. In terms of segments, the application segment dominated the market in 2025 and is expected to maintain its dominance throughout the forecast period. The IT and Telecom sector is a major consumer of background check services, followed by BFSI and Government Agencies. The work experience check segment accounted for the largest share of the market in 2025 and is anticipated to continue to dominate during the forecast period. Key market players include Accurate Background Holdings LLC, AuthBridge Research Services, A-Check America Inc, Capita Plc, DataFlow LLC, First Advantage Corp, HireRight Holdings Corp, Insperity Inc, Sterling Check Corp, Inflection Risk Solutions LLC, Pinkerton Consulting & Investigations Inc, Triton Inc, Verity Screening Solutions LLC, and many others. The market is highly competitive, with these players focusing on innovation, partnerships, and geographical expansion to gain a competitive edge.

Number of Businesses statistics on the Background Check Services industry in the US

Employment Screening Services Market size was valued at USD 6.05 Billion in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 10.81 Billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 8.3% from 2026 to 2032.

Global Employment Screening Services Market Drivers

Increasing Concerns about Workplace Safety and Security: Employers' primary goal is to provide a safe and secure work environment, which is increasing demand for employment screening services. According to a report from the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, private industry employers reported 2.7 million nonfatal workplace injuries and illnesses in 2020. According to a Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM) survey, 92% of companies undertake criminal background checks on job applicants to reduce risks and protect their enterprises.

Background Screening Market size was valued at USD 3.20 Billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 7.41 Billion by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 8.1% from 2024 to 2030.Global Background Screening Market DriversGrowing Fears About Safety and Security: Demand for background screening services has increased across industries due to growing fears about fraud, identity theft, workplace violence, and other hazards. Thorough background checks are one way that employers, landlords, and organizations try to reduce these dangers before hiring someone, renting out a property to them, or doing business with them. In addition to ensuring the safety and security of stakeholders, including customers and workers, background screening assists in spotting possible red flags.Requirements for Regulatory Compliance: Employers and organizations are required by government agencies, industry groups, and professional licensing authorities to do background checks as part of their hiring and screening procedures. laws such the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) standards, the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA), and

Find detailed analysis in Market Research Intellect's Background Check Services Market Report, estimated at 4.31 billion USD in 2024 and forecasted to climb to 8.90 billion USD by 2033, reflecting a CAGR of 8.7%.Stay informed about adoption trends, evolving technologies, and key market participants.

Employment Criminal Background Check Services Market size was estimated at USD 489.35 Million in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 810.41 Million by 2031, growing at a CAGR of 7.18% from 2024 to 2031.

Key Market Drivers Heightened Security Concerns: Fueled by rising incidents of workplace violence, data breaches, and financial fraud, organizations are increasingly implementing background checks to safeguard their employees, assets, and sensitive information. Growing Emphasis on Risk Mitigation: As competition intensifies, businesses prioritize risk management strategies. Background checks are seen as a valuable tool to identify potentially risky candidates, thereby protecting the organization from future liabilities and ensuring a smooth work environment. Technological Advancements: Advancements in background check technology have streamlined the process, making it faster, more efficient, and cost-effective for employers. This accessibility is further fueling the adoption of background check services.

The Enterprise-Level Background Check Service market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing regulatory compliance needs, heightened security concerns across various industries, and the rising adoption of digital technologies for streamlining HR processes. The market, estimated at $5 billion in 2025, is projected to maintain a healthy Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 12% through 2033, reaching approximately $12 billion. This expansion is fueled by several key trends, including the growing demand for comprehensive background checks encompassing criminal history, credit reports, and employment verification, the increasing integration of AI and machine learning for automated screening and risk assessment, and a shift towards cloud-based solutions for improved scalability and accessibility. However, challenges such as data privacy regulations, the potential for bias in algorithmic screening, and the need for continuous improvement in data accuracy pose restraints to market growth. Segmentation analysis reveals strong growth in both application areas (e.g., financial services, healthcare, and government) and types of checks (e.g., pre-employment screening, periodic employee checks, and contractor vetting), with North America and Europe currently dominating the market share. The competitive landscape is characterized by both established players and emerging technology providers, continually innovating to deliver enhanced solutions and cater to evolving customer requirements. The significant growth projected for the Enterprise-Level Background Check Service market stems from a confluence of factors. The ongoing digital transformation across industries necessitates robust security measures and efficient onboarding processes, directly benefiting this market. Furthermore, increasing awareness of the importance of a safe and compliant workforce fuels demand for comprehensive background checks. The emergence of innovative technologies, including advanced analytics and AI-powered screening tools, allows for quicker, more accurate, and cost-effective checks, while simultaneously mitigating risks. Regional growth patterns indicate sustained strength in established markets like North America and Europe, coupled with promising expansion in emerging economies in Asia Pacific and the Middle East and Africa, driven by improving regulatory frameworks and growing technological adoption. However, companies must actively address potential concerns related to data privacy and algorithmic fairness to ensure sustainable growth and maintain customer trust.

The global employment background screening service market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing concerns about workplace safety and the need for compliant hiring practices. The market, estimated at $20 billion in 2025, is projected to witness a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of approximately 12% from 2025 to 2033, reaching an estimated market value of $55 billion by 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key factors, including rising adoption of digital technologies within the screening process, the increasing prevalence of remote work necessitating robust verification methods, and stringent government regulations promoting fair hiring practices and data security. Key segments such as criminal background checks and education/employment verification continue to dominate the market share, with a significant portion attributed to large enterprises leveraging sophisticated screening solutions. However, the growth is not uniform across all segments; smaller enterprises are increasingly adopting these services, albeit at a slower pace due to budget constraints. Geographic expansion is another notable trend, with North America holding the largest market share currently but regions like Asia-Pacific exhibiting promising growth potential due to rapid economic development and increasing foreign investment. While data privacy concerns and the increasing complexity of regulatory compliance present challenges, the overall market outlook remains positive, driven by the sustained need for reliable and efficient employee screening. The competitive landscape is dynamic, with both established players like Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion, and emerging tech-focused companies like Checkr and GoodHire vying for market share. The established players leverage their extensive databases and global reach, while newer entrants offer innovative technology and specialized services. The industry's evolution involves the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning for faster and more accurate screening, as well as the development of more comprehensive screening packages addressing diverse client needs. The focus is shifting from simply verifying information to offering predictive analytics and risk assessment to enable proactive decision-making during the recruitment process. This trend is expected to further fuel market growth and consolidate the market, leading to strategic mergers and acquisitions in the coming years.