Responses to spoofed traffic sent by denial-of-service attack victims and received by the UCSD Network Telescope between January 2001 and February 2004. This dataset was used for the creation of the Transactions on Computer Science journal paper "Inferring Internet Denial-of-Service Activity."

This dataset captures unsolicited traffic, as recorded by Merit's 35/8 darknet. Darknet data (also known as Internet background radiation) consist of Internet packets that arrive to an unused Internet space, and are therefore usually associated with malicious activities such as horizontal Internet scanning, malware propagation, and "backscatter" from distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. This dataset is provided in the CAIDA Corsaro "flowtuple" format (see https://www.caida.org/tools/measurement/corsaro/ ). Researchers can use this dataset to identify scanners, check for evidence of DDoS activity (e.g., in the case of a TCP SYN flood attack with a spoofed source IP, the victim will reply with a TCP SYN-ACK to the spoofed IP; if the spoofed IP happened to be within the 35/8 address space, our darknet will capture the SYN-ACK replies) or extract other nefarious activities and network misconfigurations.

This backscatter from victims was collected by the UCSD Network Telescope.
Quarterly data collection took place for one week in May, August and
November in 2004, and February, May, August and November in 2005. Possible
uses of this data include modeling DoS attacks, understanding victim
populations, and using real packet traces to validate algorithms for
detecting or classifying malicious traffic. This last use is particularly
valuable because it is extremely challenging to artificially generate the
kind of real-world noise present on the Internet.

The global backscatter inspection system market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing security concerns across various sectors and advancements in imaging technology. The market, valued at approximately $2.5 billion in 2025, is projected to exhibit a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 8% from 2025 to 2033, reaching an estimated market size of $4.5 billion by 2033. This growth is fueled by the rising adoption of backscatter systems in airports, train stations, and other high-traffic public areas, owing to their effectiveness in detecting concealed threats like weapons and explosives. Furthermore, technological advancements leading to improved image quality, faster scanning speeds, and reduced radiation exposure are contributing significantly to market expansion. The increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) for enhanced threat detection and automated analysis further bolsters market growth. Different application segments like airports, train stations, and subways are witnessing significant traction due to stringent security protocols and substantial passenger volume. The handheld type segment holds a larger market share currently, while the non-handheld segment is expected to witness a faster growth rate due to improved efficiency and advanced features. The market growth is however, subject to certain restraints. High initial investment costs associated with procuring and installing these systems can hinder adoption, particularly in developing economies. Regulatory compliance and stringent safety standards also pose challenges for market players. Furthermore, the emergence of alternative security technologies, along with potential concerns regarding radiation exposure, could impact the market's overall trajectory. Despite these challenges, the increasing terrorist threats and growing demand for enhanced security across transportation hubs and public places are expected to outweigh these restraints and fuel sustained market growth throughout the forecast period. The competitive landscape is characterized by the presence of several established players and emerging innovative companies, which further intensifies the market dynamics.

Backscatter X-Ray Devices Market Outlook

The global backscatter X-ray devices market size was valued at approximately USD 2.5 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 5.1 billion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.2% during the forecast period. This significant growth can be attributed to the increasing demand for advanced security screening solutions across various sectors, along with technological advancements in X-ray imaging technologies.

One of the primary growth factors driving the backscatter X-ray devices market is the rising need for enhanced security measures in public spaces. With the increasing incidence of terror threats and criminal activities, there is a heightened focus on sophisticated detection systems that can identify concealed items without revealing personal information. This has led to widespread adoption of backscatter X-ray devices, particularly in high-security environments such as airports and border checkpoints. Additionally, the growing investment by governments worldwide in bolstering their security infrastructure further propels the demand for these devices.

Another significant growth factor is the advancements in technology that have improved the efficiency and accuracy of backscatter X-ray devices. Modern backscatter X-ray systems are equipped with improved imaging capabilities, enabling them to detect even the smallest of contraband items with high precision. These advancements are not only enhancing the performance of these devices but are also making them more user-friendly, thereby expanding their application across various industries beyond security, such as medical diagnostics and industrial inspection.

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) into backscatter X-ray devices is also contributing to market growth. AI and ML algorithms are being utilized to enhance image analysis, reduce false positives, and improve the speed of detection. This technological integration is making these devices more reliable and efficient, which is encouraging their adoption in sectors like law enforcement and military, where quick and accurate threat detection is critical. Furthermore, ongoing research and development activities aimed at reducing the radiation exposure from these devices are likely to open new avenues for their use in medical and other sensitive applications.

From a regional perspective, North America dominates the backscatter X-ray devices market, owing to the high adoption rate of advanced security technologies and substantial government expenditure on homeland security. Europe follows closely, with significant contributions from countries like the UK, Germany, and France, where there is a strong focus on enhancing national security and public safety. Meanwhile, the Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the fastest growth during the forecast period, driven by increasing security concerns, rising disposable incomes, and growing awareness about advanced security solutions in countries like China, India, and Japan.

Product Type Analysis

The backscatter X-ray devices market is segmented into handheld and non-handheld devices. Handheld backscatter X-ray devices are portable and easy to maneuver, making them ideal for applications requiring mobility and flexibility. These devices are extensively used by law enforcement agencies and border security personnel for quick and efficient screening of individuals and small packages. The growing need for on-the-go security solutions, particularly in areas with high foot traffic, is significantly boosting the demand for handheld backscatter X-ray devices. Additionally, technological advancements that have made these devices more compact and lightweight are further driving their adoption.

Non-handheld backscatter X-ray devices, on the other hand, are typically larger and more robust systems that are installed at fixed locations. These devices are predominantly used in high-security areas such as airports, government buildings, and critical infrastructure facilities. Non-handheld devices offer superior imaging capabilities and can scan larger objects such as cargo and vehicles, making them indispensable in settings where thorough and comprehensive screening is required. The increasing investment in infrastructure security and the need for stringent inspection protocols are key factors contributing to the growth of the non-handheld segment.

Handheld backscatter X-ray devices also find applications in the industrial sector, where they are used for inspecting pipelines, machinery, and ot

The UCSD Network Telescope consists of a globally routed, but lightly utilized /9 and /10 network prefix, that is, 1/256th of the whole IPv4 address space. It contains few legitimate hosts; inbound traffic to non-existent machines - so called Internet Background Radiation (IBR) - is unsolicited and results from a wide range of events, including misconfiguration (e.g. mistyping an IP address), scanning of address space by attackers or malware looking for vulnerable targets, backscatter from randomly spoofed denial-of-service attacks, and the automated spread of malware. CAIDA continously captures this anomalous traffic discarding the legitimate traffic packets destined to the few reachable IP addresses in this prefix. We archive and aggregate these data, and provide this valuable resource to network security researchers. This dataset represents raw traffic traces captured by the Telescope instrumentation and made available in near-real time as one-hour long compressed pcap files. We collect more than 3 TB of uncompressed IBR traffic traces data per day. The most recent 14 days of data are stored locally at CAIDA. Once data slides out of this near-real-time window, the pcap files are off-loaded to a tape storage. This historical Telescope data starting from 2008 are available by additional request.

Week-long collections (one week per quarter) of responses to spoofed traffic sent by DoS attack victims to the UCSD Network Telescope between 2004 and 2008. Includes backscatter during DITL-2008.

The global backscatter passenger scanner market is experiencing robust growth, driven by heightened security concerns at airports, customs checkpoints, and government facilities worldwide. The market, estimated at $500 million in 2025, is projected to witness a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 7% from 2025 to 2033, reaching approximately $850 million by 2033. This expansion is fueled by the increasing adoption of advanced security technologies in response to evolving terrorist threats and the need for efficient passenger screening. The rising passenger traffic at airports globally further contributes to market growth, necessitating the deployment of faster and more reliable screening systems. Segment-wise, airports dominate the application segment, followed by customs and government sectors, while scanners with sensitivity less than 0.05 μSv hold the largest share of the type segment. Key players like Rapiscan Systems, L-3 Security & Detection Systems, Leidos, and InsTech Dutch are driving innovation and competition, continuously improving scanner technology to enhance accuracy and reduce radiation exposure. Despite the positive outlook, the market faces certain restraints. The high initial investment cost associated with the procurement and maintenance of these advanced scanners can pose a barrier to adoption, particularly in developing nations. Furthermore, concerns related to radiation safety, though mitigated by technological advancements, continue to influence procurement decisions. The market is segmented geographically, with North America and Europe currently holding the largest market shares, but the Asia-Pacific region, particularly China and India, is expected to witness substantial growth in the coming years driven by rising infrastructure development and increased passenger volume. The market's future trajectory will be shaped by advancements in millimeter-wave technology, improved radiation safety standards, and increased government regulations regarding airport and border security.

The dataset contains fragments of (A)SAR images obtained from April to October, 2006 the north eastern part of the Black Sea and featuring regions with heavy marine traffic, those of Kerch Strait, Novorossisk, Sochi and Taupse ports The dataset includes Envisat ASAR Wide and Narrow Swath images at VV and VV/VH polarizations. The data is accompanied by in situ measurements of wind and wave parameters.

The global backscatter X-ray equipment market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing security concerns across various sectors. While precise market size data for 2025 is unavailable, a reasonable estimation, considering industry trends and growth rates of similar technologies, places the market value at approximately $500 million USD. This substantial market is projected to experience a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 8% from 2025 to 2033, indicating a significant expansion opportunity. Key drivers include the rising demand for enhanced security measures at airports, customs checkpoints, and law enforcement agencies worldwide. Furthermore, technological advancements leading to more efficient, portable, and user-friendly backscatter X-ray systems are fueling market expansion. The market is segmented by equipment type (handheld and desktop) and application (law enforcement, customs, airports), with the airport security segment currently dominating due to stringent regulations and increasing passenger traffic. This growth trajectory, however, is not without challenges. Factors such as the high initial investment cost associated with acquiring and maintaining backscatter X-ray equipment and concerns regarding potential health risks associated with radiation exposure could act as restraints. Nevertheless, the increasing adoption of advanced screening technologies, coupled with stringent government regulations mandating enhanced security measures, is expected to overcome these limitations and ensure continued growth within the forecast period. Competitive players in the market, such as Rapiscan Systems, Beijing Heweiyongtai Sci & Tech Co., Ltd., and others, are actively investing in research and development to improve product functionality and address potential drawbacks, ultimately contributing to market expansion. The Asia-Pacific region, particularly China and India, is anticipated to witness the highest growth due to burgeoning infrastructure development and rising security needs. This comprehensive report provides an in-depth analysis of the global backscatter X-ray equipment market, projected to reach a value exceeding $2.5 billion by 2030. It examines market dynamics, key players, emerging trends, and future growth prospects, offering invaluable insights for stakeholders across the security, law enforcement, and customs sectors. This report is crucial for businesses involved in the manufacturing, distribution, and application of backscatter X-ray technology.

Backscatter Body Scanner Market Outlook

The global backscatter body scanner market size was valued at approximately USD 2.5 billion in 2023 and is projected to grow to USD 5.8 billion by 2032, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.6% from 2024 to 2032. This robust growth trajectory is primarily driven by increased security concerns globally and technological advancements in imaging systems.

One of the primary growth factors for the backscatter body scanner market is the escalating demand for enhanced security measures in high-risk areas such as airports, borders, and critical infrastructure. The increasing frequency of terrorist activities and the rising incidents of drug and weapon smuggling are compelling governments and security agencies to adopt advanced scanning technologies. Furthermore, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with backscatter imaging systems is enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of threat detection, thereby driving market growth.

Another significant growth driver is the aviation industry's stringent regulatory requirements. As passenger traffic continues to grow, the need for efficient and non-intrusive security screening methods becomes paramount. Backscatter body scanners, which are capable of detecting both metallic and non-metallic threats without physical contact, are increasingly favored. Additionally, the ongoing modernization of airport infrastructure across the globe is expected to bolster market demand.

Moreover, the rising awareness about the potential health hazards associated with traditional X-ray scanners has led to a preference for backscatter technology, which uses low-energy X-rays. This has significantly increased the adoption of backscatter body scanners in various security applications. The technologyÂ’s ability to provide high-resolution images while minimizing radiation exposure makes it a preferred choice for security screening in sensitive environments such as government buildings and commercial establishments.

In the realm of advanced security technologies, Millimeter Wave Body Scanners have emerged as a pivotal innovation, complementing the capabilities of backscatter systems. Unlike backscatter scanners, which utilize low-energy X-rays, millimeter wave scanners employ non-ionizing radio frequency waves to detect concealed objects. This technology offers a non-invasive and safe alternative for security screening, making it particularly suitable for environments where minimizing radiation exposure is a priority. The adoption of millimeter wave scanners is gaining traction in various sectors, including airports and government facilities, due to their ability to provide detailed images while ensuring passenger privacy and safety. As security threats continue to evolve, the integration of millimeter wave technology with existing systems is expected to enhance overall detection capabilities, driving further growth in the security screening market.

Regionally, North America holds a dominant position in the backscatter body scanner market, largely due to the presence of key market players and substantial investments in security infrastructure. The Asia Pacific region, however, is anticipated to witness the fastest growth during the forecast period, driven by increasing security concerns, rapid urbanization, and significant investments in public safety and infrastructure development. Government initiatives aimed at enhancing border security and combating terrorism are further propelling market growth in this region.

Technology Analysis

The backscatter body scanner market is segmented by technology into Single-View, Dual-View, and Multi-View systems. Single-View technology, being the traditional form of backscatter imaging, provides a basic level of security screening. It is widely used in applications where budget constraints are significant, and the security risks are comparatively lower. However, its efficacy is somewhat limited due to the single perspective it offers, which can lead to blind spots and reduced detection accuracy.

Dual-View technology, on the other hand, offers a more comprehensive scanning solution by providing images from two different angles. This significantly enhances the detection capability, making it possible to identify concealed items that a single-view system might miss. Dual-View systems are increasingly being adopted in high-security environments such as airports and border crossings, wher