The number of inhabitants living in Baja California Sur amounted to over 840,000 in 2022, having overall continuously increased since 2008, when approximately 611,100 people lived there. The state of Baja California Sur is one of the least populated regions in Mexico.

Mexico Population: Baja California Sur data was reported at 762.770 Person th in 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 745.653 Person th for 2017. Mexico Population: Baja California Sur data is updated yearly, averaging 361.449 Person th from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2018, with 49 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 762.770 Person th in 2018 and a record low of 131.309 Person th in 1970. Mexico Population: Baja California Sur data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Population Council. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Mexico – Table MX.G002: Population: by State.

As of 2020, the Mexican state of Baja California Sur accommodated a population of approximately ******* inhabitants. The gender distribution among the residents was relatively equal, with women comprising ****% and men making up ****% of the total population.

Mexico Population: Female: Baja California Sur data was reported at 374.710 Person th in 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 366.168 Person th for 2017. Mexico Population: Female: Baja California Sur data is updated yearly, averaging 176.978 Person th from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2018, with 49 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 374.710 Person th in 2018 and a record low of 64.014 Person th in 1970. Mexico Population: Female: Baja California Sur data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Population Council. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Mexico – Table MX.G002: Population: by State.

In 2020, the population in non-family households in Baja California Sur amounted to about ****** people. Between 2000 and 2020, the population rose by approximately ****** people.

Mexico Number of Immigrants: Baja California Sur data was reported at 5.288 Person th in 2015. This records a decrease from the previous number of 6.896 Person th for 2010. Mexico Number of Immigrants: Baja California Sur data is updated yearly, averaging 2.752 Person th from Dec 1975 (Median) to 2015, with 9 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6.896 Person th in 2010 and a record low of 0.296 Person th in 1975. Mexico Number of Immigrants: Baja California Sur data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Population Council. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Mexico – Table MX.G008: Number of Immigrants.

The rate per 100,000 inhabitants who heard from acquaintances about corruption in Baja California Sur stood at approximately ****** in 2023. Between 2013 and 2023, the rate rose by around ******, though the increase followed an uneven trajectory rather than a consistent upward trend.

Mexico Average Years in School: Population: 15 Years & Above: Baja California Sur data was reported at 10.340 Year in 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 9.910 Year for 2015. Mexico Average Years in School: Population: 15 Years & Above: Baja California Sur data is updated yearly, averaging 9.655 Year from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2020, with 4 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 10.340 Year in 2020 and a record low of 8.290 Year in 2000. Mexico Average Years in School: Population: 15 Years & Above: Baja California Sur data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Institute of Statistics and Geography. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Mexico – Table MX.G016: Education Statistics: Age 15 and Above.

Nearly ** percent of the Mexican population was considered vulnerable due to social deprivation in 2018. In that year, it was estimated that **** percent of Mexicans suffered from social deprivations, an increase of *** percentage points in comparison to 2016. Baja California Sur was the Mexican state with the highest share of population suffering from this type of deprivation in 2018.

Abalone support commercial and recreational fishery, however their population have decline dramatically since 1950's. To understand the recruitment of abalone populations, standarized abalone recruitment modules made of half cinder blocks inside cages were deployed in Baja California and Baja California Sur, Mexico. 12 cages were deployed at three sites (i.e., El Rosario, Isla Natividad and La Bocana) in Mexico. The abundances of abalone and invertebrates found in the cages were checked after 12months. This dataset presents all the information collected from the cages deployed at three sites (El Rosario, Isla Natividad and La Bocana) in Baja California and Baja California Sur, Mexico. cdm_data_type=Other Conventions=COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3 doi=10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.907383.1 Easternmost_Easting=-113.7003 geospatial_lon_max=-113.7003 geospatial_lon_min=-115.799 geospatial_lon_units=degrees_east infoUrl=https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/907383 institution=BCO-DMO sourceUrl=(local files) Westernmost_Easting=-115.799

Aim: Many studies have investigated the phylogeographic history of species on the Baja California Peninsula, and they often show one or more genetic breaks that are spatially concordant among many taxa. These phylogeographic breaks are commonly attributed to vicariance as a result of geological or climatic changes, followed by secondary contact when barriers are no longer present. We use restriction-site associated DNA sequence data and a phylogeographic model selection approach to explicitly test the secondary contact hypothesis in the red diamond rattlesnake, Crotalus ruber. Location: Baja California and Southern California. Methods: We used phylogenetic and population clustering approaches to identify population structure. We then used coalescent methods to simultaneously estimate population parameters and test the fit of phylogeographic models to the data. We used ecological niche models to infer suitable habitat for C. ruber at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Results: Crotalus ruber is composed of distinct northern and southern populations with a boundary near the town of Loreto in Baja California Sur. A model of isolation followed by secondary contact provides the best fit to the data, with both divergence and contact occurring in the Pleistocene. We also identify a genomic signature of northern range expansion in the northern population, consistent with LGM niche models showing that the northern-most portion of the range of C. ruber was not suitable habitat during the LGM. Main conclusions: We provide the first explicitly model-based test of the secondary contact model in Baja California and show that populations of C. ruber were isolated before coming back into contact near Loreto, a region that shows phylogeographic breaks for other taxa. Given the timing of divergence and contact, we suggest that climatic fluctuations have driven the observed phylogeographic structure observed in C. ruber and that they may have driven similar patterns in other taxa.

Mexico Life Expectancy at Birth: Male: Baja California Sur data was reported at 72.700 Year in 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 72.570 Year for 2017. Mexico Life Expectancy at Birth: Male: Baja California Sur data is updated yearly, averaging 69.530 Year from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2018, with 49 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 73.510 Year in 2006 and a record low of 57.560 Year in 1970. Mexico Life Expectancy at Birth: Male: Baja California Sur data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Population Council. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Mexico – Table MX.G006: Life Expectancy at Birth: by State.

In 2018, the State of Mexico had the highest number of population who were considered socially vulnerable due to food deprivation. Approximately 3.5 million inhabitants in the state of Mexico were estimated to be in that situation, while in Baja California Sur the number was lower than 150 thousand.

This dataset contains genomic records from 184 California Gnatcatchers (Polioptila californica) collected at 18 sites in southern California (USA), 13 sites in Baja California (Mexico), and 17 sites in Baja California Sur (Mexico). Genomic markers were generated from ddRAD loci (Peterson and others, 2012) and analyzed using the Stacks v2.53 (Catchen and others, 2013) pipeline. The genotypes for all samples are provided in a VCF file with 84,125 independent loci and 7 percent missing data. A companion file is provided with sample names and occurrence designations. These files may be opened and edited in a text editor program, such as Notepad (PC) or BBEdit (Mac). The .vcf file can be loaded into the Stacks population program (Catchen and others, 2013) to calculate genetic diversity statistics, or loaded into R, using vcfR (Knaus and Grunwald, 2017), for further analysis. References: Catchen J., Hohenlohe P.A., Bassham S., Amores A., Cresko W.A. Stacks-an analysis tool set for population genomics. Molecular Ecology. 2013; 22:3124-3140. Knaus, B.J, Grunwald N.J. vcfr: a package to manipulate and visualize variant call format data in R. Molecular Ecology Resources. 2016; 17:44-53. Peterson B.K., Weber J.N., Kay E.H., Fisher H.S., Hoekstra H.E. Double Digest RADseq-an inexpensive method for de novo SNP discovery and genotyping in model and non-model species: PLoS ONE. 2012; 7:e37135.

The minimum wage per day guaranteed by law in Mexico was decreed to increase by approximately 12 percent between 2024 and 2025, reaching 278.8 Mexican pesos in 2025. The Northern Free Zone located near the northern border was the exception, where the minimum daily wage increased to 419.88 Mexican pesos. Education and income disparity The income distribution is entirely a new story than minimum wages, in fact, there are many factors that influence the level of salaries for Mexican workers. One of the main differences is by the number of schooling years, someone with more than 18 years of study earns on average double than employees with seven to nine years. Moreover, the area of study, while statistics and finance mean salaries, the highest wages by degree, are above 30,000 Mexican pesos per month, others such as performing arts and theology rank as the lowest paying degrees in Mexico.
Poverty still among the main problems
Despite one of the main reasons for minimum wage increases being moving people out from poverty conditions, poverty continues to be one of the main problems Mexican society faces. The number of people living under poverty conditions has decreased by 8.54 million inhabitants from 2014 to 2022, nonetheless, the figure is still higher than 46.5 million. The poverty rate varies among states, with Chiapas leading the ranking with 67.4 percent of the population under such conditions, while both Baja California and Baja California Sur recorded less than 14 percent.

Mexico Number of Emigrants: Baja California Sur data was reported at 2.488 Person th in 2015. This records a decrease from the previous number of 3.841 Person th for 2010. Mexico Number of Emigrants: Baja California Sur data is updated yearly, averaging 2.588 Person th from Dec 1975 (Median) to 2015, with 9 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4.363 Person th in 2005 and a record low of 1.143 Person th in 1995. Mexico Number of Emigrants: Baja California Sur data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Population Council. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Mexico – Table MX.G007: Number of Emigrants.

Comparative studies can provide powerful insights into processes that affect population divergence and thereby help to elucidate the mechanisms by which contemporary populations may respond to environmental change. Furthermore, approaches such as genotyping by sequencing (GBS) provide unprecedented power for resolving genetic differences among species and populations. We therefore used GBS to provide a genome-wide perspective on the comparative population structure of two palm genera, Washingtonia and Brahea, on the Baja California peninsula, a region of high landscape and ecological complexity. First, we used phylogenetic analysis to address taxonomic uncertainties among five currently recognised species. We resolved three main clades, the first corresponding to W. robusta and W. filifera, the second to B. brandegeei and B. armata, and the third to B. edulis from Guadalupe Island. Focusing on the first two clades, we then delved deeper by investigating the underlying population structure. Striking differences were found, with GBS uncovering four distinct Washingtonia populations and identifying a suite of loci associated with temperature, consistent with ecologically mediated divergence. By contrast, individual mountain ranges could be resolved in Brahea and few loci were associated with environmental variables, implying a more prominent role of neutral divergence. Finally, evidence was found for long-distance dispersal events in Washingtonia but not Brahea, in line with knowledge of the dispersal mechanisms of these palms including the possibility of human-mediated dispersal. Overall, our study demonstrates the power of GBS together with a comparative approach to elucidate markedly different patterns of genome-wide divergence mediated by multiple effectors.

Habitat loss, flood control infrastructure, and drought have left most of southern California and northern Baja California’s native freshwater fish fauna on the brink of extinction, including the endangered unarmored threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus williamsoni). This subspecies, an unusual morph lacking the typical lateral bony plates of the G. aculeatus complex, occurs at arid southern latitudes in the eastern Pacific Ocean and survives in only three inland locations. Managers have been stymied by a lack of molecular data to prioritize conservation efforts, including basic questions about the ancestry and genetic distinctiveness of unarmored populations. We sampled G. aculeatus from 36 localities and used microsatellites and whole genome data to place unarmored populations within the broader evolutionary context of G. aculeatus across southern California/northern Baja California. We identified three genetic groups, with none consisting solely of unarmored populations. Unlike G. aculeatus at northern latitudes, where Pleistocene glaciation has produced similar historical demographic profiles across populations, we found markedly different demographies depending on sampling location, with inland unarmored populations tending to show steeper declines and lower heterozygosity compared to low armored populations in coastal lagoons. One exception involved the only high-elevation population in the region, where the demography and alleles of unarmored fish were similar to low-armored populations near the coast, exposing one of several cases of artificial translocation. Our results suggest that the current ‘management-by-phenotype’ approach is incidentally protecting the most imperiled populations; however, redirecting efforts toward the evolutionary units, regardless of phenotype, may be more effective at preserving adaptive potential.

Sizes of Kellet’s whelk (Kelletia kelletii) individuals in populations in the wild were obtained from subtidal benthic surveys conducted by scientific SCUBA divers at kelp forest habitat sites across the species’ biogeographic range and over multiple years. The survey data was collected in 2015, 2016 and 2017 during summer months from 36 benthic kelp forest sites, from Monterey Bay, California, USA to Isla Asuncion, Baja California Sur, Mexico.

Contiene información de la población y las viviendas captada en el Censo del 2010, sobre los siguientes entidades federativas: Oaxaca, Baja California Sur, Sinaloa, Jalisco, Guerrero, Nayarit, Michoacán de Ocampo, Colima