Graph and download economic data for U.S. / U.K. Foreign Exchange Rate in the United Kingdom (USUKFXUKM) from Jan 1791 to Jan 2017 about academic data, United Kingdom, exchange rate, and rate.

August 2024 marked a significant shift in the UK's monetary policy, as it saw the first reduction in the official bank base interest rate since August 2023. This change came after a period of consistent rate hikes that began in late 2021. In a bid to minimize the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Bank of England cut the official bank base rate in March 2020 to a record low of *** percent. This historic low came just one week after the Bank of England cut rates from **** percent to **** percent in a bid to prevent mass job cuts in the United Kingdom. It remained at *** percent until December 2021 and was increased to one percent in May 2022 and to **** percent in October 2022. After that, the bank rate increased almost on a monthly basis, reaching **** percent in August 2023. It wasn't until August 2024 that the first rate decrease since the previous year occurred, signaling a potential shift in monetary policy. Why do central banks adjust interest rates? Central banks, including the Bank of England, adjust interest rates to manage economic stability and control inflation. Their strategies involve a delicate balance between two main approaches. When central banks raise interest rates, their goal is to cool down an overheated economy. Higher rates curb excessive spending and borrowing, which helps to prevent runaway inflation. This approach is typically used when the economy is growing too quickly or when inflation is rising above desired levels. Conversely, when central banks lower interest rates, they aim to encourage borrowing and investment. This strategy is employed to stimulate economic growth during periods of slowdown or recession. Lower rates make it cheaper for businesses and individuals to borrow money, which can lead to increased spending and investment. This dual approach allows central banks to maintain a balance between promoting growth and controlling inflation, ensuring long-term economic stability. Additionally, adjusting interest rates can influence currency values, impacting international trade and investment flows, further underscoring their critical role in a nation's economic health. Recent interest rate trends Between 2021 and 2025, most advanced and emerging economies experienced a period of regular interest rate hikes. This trend was driven by several factors, including persistent supply chain disruptions, high energy prices, and robust demand pressures. These elements combined to create significant inflationary trends, prompting central banks to raise rates to temper spending and borrowing. However, in 2024, a shift began to occur in global monetary policy. The European Central Bank (ECB) was among the first major central banks to reverse this trend by cutting interest rates. This move signaled a change in approach aimed at addressing growing economic slowdowns and supporting growth.

Daily foreign exchange operations by the Bank of England between 1952 and 1995. Copied from manuscript records at the Bank of England archive. There is a "read me" tab with more details on the data. The data is linked to the following publication which you can cite if using the data Naef, Alain. 2022. An Exchange Rate History of the United Kingdom: 1945–1992. Studies in Macroeconomic History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/an-exchange-rate-history-of-the-united-kingdom/68B7E57D9884394B815C76D48ACD3FB6. If you just want to use the data to run econometrics or as a control variable, there is a ready to use tab with the plain simple data. If you do so, be aware that Black Wednesday (16 September 1992) is an outlier by many standard deviations. If you want to dig more, there are more granular forms of data. The licence is public domain, so no restrictions whatsoever.

Graph and download economic data for U.S. Dollars to U.K. Pound Sterling Spot Exchange Rate (DEXUSUK) from 1971-01-04 to 2025-11-28 about United Kingdom, exchange rate, currency, rate, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for Real Broad Effective Exchange Rate for United Kingdom (RBGBBIS) from Jan 1994 to Oct 2025 about broad, United Kingdom, exchange rate, currency, real, and rate.

Daily open, high, low, close and mid GBP/EUR rates with monthly and yearly summaries.

This table contains 27 series, with data starting from 1981 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 item: Canada) Type of currency (27 items: Australian dollar, monthly average; Brazilian real, monthly average; Chinese renminbi, monthly average; European euro, monthly average; ...).

Peru Foreign Exchange Rate: US Dollar: Central Bank: Sell data was reported at 3.313 PEN/USD in Sep 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 3.290 PEN/USD for Aug 2018. Peru Foreign Exchange Rate: US Dollar: Central Bank: Sell data is updated monthly, averaging 3.272 PEN/USD from Jan 1980 (Median) to Sep 2018, with 465 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 528,640.510 PEN/USD in Dec 1990 and a record low of 0.540 PEN/USD in Jan 1991. Peru Foreign Exchange Rate: US Dollar: Central Bank: Sell data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Reserve Bank of Peru. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Peru – Table PE.M009: Foreign Exchange Rate.

Foreign Exchange Rate: Central Bank of Iran (CBI): End of Period: US Dollar data was reported at 630,914.000 USD/IRR in Nov 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 569,984.000 USD/IRR for Oct 2025. Foreign Exchange Rate: Central Bank of Iran (CBI): End of Period: US Dollar data is updated monthly, averaging 9,825.000 USD/IRR from Mar 1992 (Median) to Nov 2025, with 404 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 630,914.000 USD/IRR in Nov 2025 and a record low of 1,439.000 USD/IRR in Oct 1992. Foreign Exchange Rate: Central Bank of Iran (CBI): End of Period: US Dollar data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Iran – Table IR.M: Foreign Exchange Rates.

Foreign Exchange Rate: Central Bank of Syria: Average: US Dollar data was reported at 436.000 SYP/USD in Oct 2018. This stayed constant from the previous number of 436.000 SYP/USD for Sep 2018. Foreign Exchange Rate: Central Bank of Syria: Average: US Dollar data is updated monthly, averaging 264.244 SYP/USD from Jan 2012 (Median) to Oct 2018, with 82 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 521.543 SYP/USD in May 2016 and a record low of 67.775 SYP/USD in Sep 2012. Foreign Exchange Rate: Central Bank of Syria: Average: US Dollar data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bank of Syria . The data is categorized under Global Database’s Syrian Arab Republic – Table SY.M002: Foreign Exchange Rates.

A ranked comparison of GBP to EUR all-in rates, fees and delivered amounts for common transfer amounts.

Foreign Exchange Rate: Bank of Russia: Serbian Dinar data was reported at 76.618 RUB/100 RSD in 03 Dec 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 76.753 RUB/100 RSD for 02 Dec 2025. Foreign Exchange Rate: Bank of Russia: Serbian Dinar data is updated daily, averaging 80.236 RUB/100 RSD from Jan 2023 (Median) to 03 Dec 2025, with 715 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 98.796 RUB/100 RSD in 29 Nov 2024 and a record low of 63.314 RUB/100 RSD in 18 Jan 2023. Foreign Exchange Rate: Bank of Russia: Serbian Dinar data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of Russia. The data is categorized under High Frequency Database’s Foreign Exchange Rates – Table RU.MF: Foreign Exchange Rate: Bank of Russia: Main Currencies.

Daily open, high, low, close and mid GBP/USD rates with monthly and yearly summaries.

Foreign Exchange Rate: Bank of Russia: UAE Dirham data was reported at 21.093 RUB/AED in 03 Dec 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 21.158 RUB/AED for 02 Dec 2025. Foreign Exchange Rate: Bank of Russia: UAE Dirham data is updated daily, averaging 23.770 RUB/AED from Jan 2023 (Median) to 03 Dec 2025, with 715 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 29.837 RUB/AED in 29 Nov 2024 and a record low of 18.685 RUB/AED in 24 Jan 2023. Foreign Exchange Rate: Bank of Russia: UAE Dirham data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of Russia. The data is categorized under High Frequency Database’s Foreign Exchange Rates – Table RU.MF: Foreign Exchange Rate: Bank of Russia: Main Currencies.

Stock and commodity exchanges can benefit from various sources of revenue, ranging from fees charged through the purchasing and selling of stocks and commodities to the listing of companies on exchanges with IPOs. Yet, this hasn't meant exchanges have been free of challenges, with many companies looking to more attractive overseas markets in countries like the US that embrace stronger growth. The most notable culprits have been ARM and CRH, refusing to put up with the increasingly cheaper valuations offered by UK stock exchanges.Stock and commodity exchange revenue is expected to boom at a compound annual rate of 13% over the five years through 2025-26 to £18 billion, including growth of 5.2% in 2025-26. Boosted by the London Stock Exchange Group's Refinitiv purchase in 2021-22, the growth numbers seem inflated. The industry saw ample consolidations, aided by MiFID II's initiation in 2018. However, M&As have slumped over recent years as a result of high borrowing costs and a foggy economic outlook. Interest rate cuts and growing confidence are set to facilitate a modest recovery over the two years through 2025, driving revenue growth and supporting profit of 25.7% in 2025-26. Exchanges have also capitalised on volatile markets, with nervous investors triggering sharp sell-offs amid a tense geopolitical backdrop with Trump’s tariff policies. Consolidation amongst the largest players has been frequent, ratcheting up market share concentration. This will also prompt smaller exchanges to target niche markets and potentially band together in networks or alliances to pool liquidity and strengthen bargaining power. Revenue is forecast to climb at a compound annual rate of 4.7% over the five years through 2030-31 to £22.7 billion. Over the short term, sticky inflation and how aggressively the Bank of England cuts rates will incite volatility and fuel trading on exchanges, driving revenue growth. Geopolitical tensions also show no signs of cooling, with the potential for matters to even escalate, keeping markets edgy and increasing the likelihood of large market swings. The use of blockchain will become more prevalent, with major player, the London Stock Exchange Group, already introducing a blockchain-based infrastructure platform for private markets. These exchanges allow for 24/7 trading, lower settlement times, and often lower fees, which can attract retail and institutional participants, driving fee income.

Foreign Exchange Reserves in the United Kingdom increased to 218698 USD Million in September from 211210 USD Million in August of 2025. This dataset provides - United Kingdom Foreign Exchange Reserves - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Key information about United Kingdom Long Term Interest Rate

• United Kingdom Long Term Interest Rate: Month End: United Kingdom: Government Bond Yield: 10 Years was reported at 4.48 % pa in Oct 2025, compared with 4.76 % pa in the previous month.
• UK Long Term Interest Rate data is updated monthly, available from Jan 1979 to Oct 2025.
• The data reached an all-time high of 15.44 % pa in Sep 1981 and a record low of 0.13 % pa in Jul 2020.
• Long Term Interest Rate is reported by reported by CEIC Data.

• In the latest reports, UK Short Term Interest Rate: Month End: ICE LIBOR: 3 Months was reported at 0.09 % pa in Apr 2021.
• The cash rate (Policy Rate: Month End: Base Rate) was set at 4.00 % pa in Nov 2025.
• UK Exchange Rate against USD averaged 0.75 (USD/GBP) in Oct 2025.

Foreign Exchange Rate: Bank of Russia: Georgian Lari data was reported at 28.669 RUB/GEL in 03 Dec 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 28.748 RUB/GEL for 02 Dec 2025. Foreign Exchange Rate: Bank of Russia: Georgian Lari data is updated daily, averaging 31.066 RUB/GEL from Jan 2023 (Median) to 03 Dec 2025, with 715 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 39.960 RUB/GEL in 29 Nov 2024 and a record low of 25.722 RUB/GEL in 21 Jan 2023. Foreign Exchange Rate: Bank of Russia: Georgian Lari data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of Russia. The data is categorized under High Frequency Database’s Foreign Exchange Rates – Table RU.MF: Foreign Exchange Rate: Bank of Russia: Main Currencies.

Foreign Exchange Rate: Bank of Russia: Thai Baht data was reported at 24.194 RUB/10 THB in 03 Dec 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 24.231 RUB/10 THB for 02 Dec 2025. Foreign Exchange Rate: Bank of Russia: Thai Baht data is updated daily, averaging 23.764 RUB/10 THB from Jan 2023 (Median) to 03 Dec 2025, with 715 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 31.811 RUB/10 THB in 29 Nov 2024 and a record low of 20.828 RUB/10 THB in 20 Jan 2023. Foreign Exchange Rate: Bank of Russia: Thai Baht data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of Russia. The data is categorized under High Frequency Database’s Foreign Exchange Rates – Table RU.MF: Foreign Exchange Rate: Bank of Russia: Main Currencies.