Graph and download economic data for U.S. / U.K. Foreign Exchange Rate in the United Kingdom (USUKFXUKM) from Jan 1791 to Jan 2017 about academic data, United Kingdom, exchange rate, and rate.

United Kingdom Sterling Exchange Rate: Australian Dollar data was reported at 1.747 AUD/GBP in Nov 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1.790 AUD/GBP for Oct 2018. United Kingdom Sterling Exchange Rate: Australian Dollar data is updated monthly, averaging 2.061 AUD/GBP from Jan 1975 (Median) to Nov 2018, with 527 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.982 AUD/GBP in Sep 2001 and a record low of 1.294 AUD/GBP in Oct 1976. United Kingdom Sterling Exchange Rate: Australian Dollar data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of England. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.M007: Foreign Exchange Rates.

Daily foreign exchange operations by the Bank of England between 1952 and 1995. Copied from manuscript records at the Bank of England archive. There is a "read me" tab with more details on the data. The data is linked to the following publication which you can cite if using the data Naef, Alain. 2022. An Exchange Rate History of the United Kingdom: 1945–1992. Studies in Macroeconomic History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/an-exchange-rate-history-of-the-united-kingdom/68B7E57D9884394B815C76D48ACD3FB6. If you just want to use the data to run econometrics or as a control variable, there is a ready to use tab with the plain simple data. If you do so, be aware that Black Wednesday (16 September 1992) is an outlier by many standard deviations. If you want to dig more, there are more granular forms of data. The licence is public domain, so no restrictions whatsoever.

United Kingdom Sterling Exchange Rate: Monthly Avg: US Dollar data was reported at 1.291 USD/GBP in Nov 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1.301 USD/GBP for Oct 2018. United Kingdom Sterling Exchange Rate: Monthly Avg: US Dollar data is updated monthly, averaging 1.624 USD/GBP from Jan 1975 (Median) to Nov 2018, with 527 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.419 USD/GBP in Mar 1975 and a record low of 1.093 USD/GBP in Feb 1985. United Kingdom Sterling Exchange Rate: Monthly Avg: US Dollar data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of England. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.M007: Foreign Exchange Rates.

August 2024 marked a significant shift in the UK's monetary policy, as it saw the first reduction in the official bank base interest rate since August 2023. This change came after a period of consistent rate hikes that began in late 2021. In a bid to minimize the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Bank of England cut the official bank base rate in March 2020 to a record low of *** percent. This historic low came just one week after the Bank of England cut rates from **** percent to **** percent in a bid to prevent mass job cuts in the United Kingdom. It remained at *** percent until December 2021 and was increased to one percent in May 2022 and to **** percent in October 2022. After that, the bank rate increased almost on a monthly basis, reaching **** percent in August 2023. It wasn't until August 2024 that the first rate decrease since the previous year occurred, signaling a potential shift in monetary policy. Why do central banks adjust interest rates? Central banks, including the Bank of England, adjust interest rates to manage economic stability and control inflation. Their strategies involve a delicate balance between two main approaches. When central banks raise interest rates, their goal is to cool down an overheated economy. Higher rates curb excessive spending and borrowing, which helps to prevent runaway inflation. This approach is typically used when the economy is growing too quickly or when inflation is rising above desired levels. Conversely, when central banks lower interest rates, they aim to encourage borrowing and investment. This strategy is employed to stimulate economic growth during periods of slowdown or recession. Lower rates make it cheaper for businesses and individuals to borrow money, which can lead to increased spending and investment. This dual approach allows central banks to maintain a balance between promoting growth and controlling inflation, ensuring long-term economic stability. Additionally, adjusting interest rates can influence currency values, impacting international trade and investment flows, further underscoring their critical role in a nation's economic health. Recent interest rate trends Between 2021 and 2025, most advanced and emerging economies experienced a period of regular interest rate hikes. This trend was driven by several factors, including persistent supply chain disruptions, high energy prices, and robust demand pressures. These elements combined to create significant inflationary trends, prompting central banks to raise rates to temper spending and borrowing. However, in 2024, a shift began to occur in global monetary policy. The European Central Bank (ECB) was among the first major central banks to reverse this trend by cutting interest rates. This move signaled a change in approach aimed at addressing growing economic slowdowns and supporting growth.

This report analyses the real effective exchange rate of the Great British pound (GBP). The effective exchange rate measures the trade-weighted value of the pound, calculated by measuring the weighted change across all included exchange rates. The data is sourced from the Bank of England (BoE), in addition to estimates by IBISWorld, and represents annual averages for each financial year (i.e., April through March), expressed in index form where January 2005 is the base (i.e., January 2005 = 100 points). There are two effective exchange rates: the first includes only currencies that account for at least 1% of UK trade; while the second - known as the broad rate - includes all currencies that account for at least 0.5% of UK trade. For the purpose of this report, the broad effective exchange rate is analysed.

In the middle of 2025, the Bank of England had roughly *** billion British pounds worth of assets on their balance sheet, out of which foreign exchange reserves amounted to approximately *** billion British pounds. The base rate and the deposit rate in August 2025 stood at **** percent, and the lending rate (or operational lending facility) at *** percent.

Foreign Exchange Rate: Bank of Russia: British Pound Sterling data was reported at 102.654 GBP/RUB in 03 Dec 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 102.972 GBP/RUB for 02 Dec 2025. Foreign Exchange Rate: Bank of Russia: British Pound Sterling data is updated daily, averaging 82.435 GBP/RUB from Jul 1992 (Median) to 03 Dec 2025, with 7725 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 158.334 GBP/RUB in 11 Mar 2022 and a record low of 44.515 GBP/RUB in 09 Jul 2011. Foreign Exchange Rate: Bank of Russia: British Pound Sterling data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of Russia. The data is categorized under High Frequency Database’s Foreign Exchange Rates – Table RU.MF: Foreign Exchange Rate: Bank of Russia: Main Currencies. The official exchange rates of foreign currencies against the ruble are set by an order of the Bank of Russia and remain valid until the next order becomes effective.

Key information about United Kingdom Foreign Exchange Reserves: Months of Import

• United Kingdom Foreign Exchange Reserves equaled 1.7 Months of Import in Dec 2024, compared with the ratio of 1.5 in the previous month
• UK Foreign Exchange Reserves: Months of Import data is updated monthly, available from Jul 1999 to Dec 2024
• The data reached an all-time high of 3.9 in May 2020 and a record low of 0.7 in Jul 2008

CEIC calculates Foreign Exchange Reserves as Months of Import from monthly Foreign Exchange Reserves and monthly Imports. Foreign Exchange Reserves is calculated as the sum of Foreign Currency Reserves and Other Reserve Assets, which include other financial instruments denominated in foreign currency. The Bank of England provides Foreign Exchange Reserves in USD. UK Trade Info provides Imports in local currency. Federal Reserve Board average market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. Foreign Exchange Reserves excludes Bank of England Foreign Exchange Reserves, as they are not considered part of UK Official Reserve Assets. However, Bank of England foreign currency assets may be used in case of foreign exchange intervention for monetary policy objectives.


Further information about United Kingdom Foreign Exchange Reserves: Months of Import

• In the latest reports, UK Foreign Exchange Reserves was measured at 112.5 USD bn in Jan 2025
• Its Money Supply M2 increased 2.2 % YoY in Dec 2024
• UK Domestic Credit reached 4,866.2 USD bn in Dec 2024, representing an drop of 1.3 % YoY
• The country's Non Performing Loans Ratio stood at 1.0 % in Dec 2022, compared with the ratio of 1.0 % in the previous year
• Household Debt of UK reached 3,076.4 USD bn in Sep 2024, accounting for 81.6 % of the country's Nominal GDP

This report analyses the exchange rate between the Great British pound (GBP) sterling and the US dollar (USD). Figures are quoted in terms of USD ($) per GBP (£), meaning that a rise in the figure represents a stronger comparative pound. The data is sourced from the Bank of England (BoE) in addition to estimates by IBISWorld, with reference to the conditioning assumptions for the sterling effective exchange rate published by the Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR). The figures represent annual averages for each financial year (i.e., April through March). The spot price of the pound sterling in US dollars is determined by the supply and demand of the two currencies, which is in turn predominantly affected by the relative performance of the two economies and differences is monetary policy (i.e., interest rates) and inflation rates. The GBP/USD currency pair is one of the most frequently traded on global foreign exchange markets and, like all money markets, can be relatively volatile. The US dollar is also seen as a "safe-haven" currency, which can also have a significant bearing on the way it trades against other currencies on the global market.

United Kingdom UK: Real Effective Exchange Rate Index data was reported at 99.653 2010=100 in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 104.763 2010=100 for 2016. United Kingdom UK: Real Effective Exchange Rate Index data is updated yearly, averaging 117.379 2010=100 from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2017, with 48 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 139.004 2010=100 in 1981 and a record low of 97.703 2010=100 in 2009. United Kingdom UK: Real Effective Exchange Rate Index data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.World Bank.WDI: Exchange Rates and Real Effective Exchange Rates. Real effective exchange rate is the nominal effective exchange rate (a measure of the value of a currency against a weighted average of several foreign currencies) divided by a price deflator or index of costs.; ; International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics.; ;

Graph and download economic data for U.S. Dollars to U.K. Pound Sterling Spot Exchange Rate (DEXUSUK) from 1971-01-04 to 2025-11-28 about United Kingdom, exchange rate, currency, rate, and USA.

This table contains 27 series, with data starting from 1981 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 item: Canada) Type of currency (27 items: Australian dollar, monthly average; Brazilian real, monthly average; Chinese renminbi, monthly average; European euro, monthly average; ...).

Daily open, high, low, close and mid GBP/EUR rates with monthly and yearly summaries.

A ranked comparison of GBP to EUR all-in rates, fees and delivered amounts for common transfer amounts.

United Kingdom Sterling Exchange Rate: Monthly Avg: Euro data was reported at 1.137 GBP/EUR in Nov 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1.147 GBP/EUR for Oct 2025. United Kingdom Sterling Exchange Rate: Monthly Avg: Euro data is updated monthly, averaging 1.242 GBP/EUR from Jan 1999 (Median) to Nov 2025, with 323 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.700 GBP/EUR in Oct 2000 and a record low of 1.087 GBP/EUR in Mar 2009. United Kingdom Sterling Exchange Rate: Monthly Avg: Euro data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of England. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.M: Foreign Exchange Rates.

In September 2025, global inflation rates and central bank interest rates showed significant variation across major economies. Most economies initiated interest rate cuts from mid-2024 due to declining inflationary pressures. The U.S., UK, and EU central banks followed a consistent pattern of regular rate reductions throughout late 2024. In September 2025, Russia maintained the highest interest rate at 17 percent, while Japan retained the lowest at 0.5 percent. Varied inflation rates across major economies The inflation landscape varies considerably among major economies. China had the lowest inflation rate at -0.3 percent in September 2025. In contrast, Russia maintained a high inflation rate of 8 percent. These figures align with broader trends observed in early 2025, where China had the lowest inflation rate among major developed and emerging economies, while Russia's rate remained the highest. Central bank responses and economic indicators Central banks globally implemented aggressive rate hikes throughout 2022-23 to combat inflation. The European Central Bank exemplified this trend, raising rates from 0 percent in January 2022 to 4.5 percent by September 2023. A coordinated shift among major central banks began in mid-2024, with the ECB, Bank of England, and Federal Reserve initiating rate cuts, with forecasts suggesting further cuts through 2025 and 2026.

View market daily updates and historical trends for British Pound Sterling to Euro Exchange Rate. from European Union. Source: European Central Bank. Trac…

Foreign Exchange Reserves in the United Kingdom increased to 218698 USD Million in September from 211210 USD Million in August of 2025. This dataset provides - United Kingdom Foreign Exchange Reserves - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

View market daily updates and historical trends for US Dollar to British Pound Sterling Exchange Rate. from European Union. Source: European Central Bank.…