The banking sector's AI and generative AI spending was estimated at 31.3 billion U.S. dollars in 2024, up from 20.64 billion U.S. dollars in 2023. Growing at a compound annual rate of 27 percent, spending is forecast to reach nearly 40 billion U.S. dollars in 2025 and exceed 81 billion U.S. dollars by 2028. The banking sector represents the majority of financial sector AI spending, which totaled 45 billion U.S. dollars in 2024.

According to a survey conducted by Statista among more than 50,000 bank customers across 34 markets worldwide, the most important factor when thinking about their bank was *****. Digital services ranked second, followed by customer service. More in-depth information can be found in the 2025 global bank customer satisfaction survey

AI in Banking Market size was valued at USD 11.62 Billion in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 90.97 Billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 32.36% from 2026 to 2032.

AI in Banking Market Drivers

Enhanced Customer Experience: AI-powered chatbots and virtual assistants provide 24/7 customer support, personalized financial advice, and tailored recommendations.

Improved Operational Efficiency: AI automates routine tasks, streamlines processes, and optimizes decision-making, leading to increased productivity and cost savings.

Advanced Fraud Detection: AI algorithms can detect and prevent fraudulent activities in real-time, protecting both the bank and its customers.

Risk Management: AI-powered risk assessment models can help identify and mitigate potential risks, such as credit risk and market risk.

As of December 31, 2024, the largest bank in the world in terms of market capitalization was the U.S.-based JPMorgan Chase. The American banking giant's market cap exceeded 678 billion U.S. dollars, which was significantly higher than Bank of America's, which ranked second with a market cap of approximately 340.21 billion U.S. dollars. JPMorgan Chase was also the largest bank in the United States in terms of total assets but ranked only fifth globally, behind four Chinese banks. What is market capitalization? Market capitalization, also known as stock market value, is the total value of issued shares of a publicly traded company. It is equal to the share price multiplied by the number of shares outstanding. It applies only to publicly traded companies or companies that have made their stock market debut, also known as an initial public offering, or IPO. Due to the nature of the capitalist system and the practice of buying and selling stocks in public markets, market capitalization can be used as a proxy for the wider public’s opinion of a company’s net worth, making it therefore a determining factor in calculating other theoretical values of companies and their stocks, for example, stock valuation. How were banks affected by the coronavirus outbreak? The outbreak of the coronavirus left no industries unaffected and had a significant impact on the global financial markets. This can be seen in the banking industry, as the market capitalization of the largest banks worldwide dropped markedly between December 2019 and March 2020. For the largest bank, JPMorgan Chase, it was not until February 2021 that the market capitalization saw pre-pandemic figures again.

Open Banking Market size was valued at around USD 31.54 billion in 2024 and is estimated to grow at a CAGR of about 27.60% from 2025-2030.

Banking-as-a-Service (BaaS) Market size was valued at USD 847.1 Billion in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 6835.77 Billion by 2031, growing at a CAGR of 32.9% from 2024 to 2031.

The Banking-as-a-Service (BaaS) market is driven by several key factors, reflecting the evolving landscape of the financial services industry. The increasing demand for digital banking solutions, coupled with the rising expectations of consumers for personalized and convenient financial services, is a primary catalyst. BaaS platforms offer fintech companies and non-financial institutions the opportunity to embed financial services into their offerings, providing customers with a seamless and integrated experience. The growing focus on innovation and agility is driving the adoption of BaaS, as it enables businesses to quickly launch new financial products and services without the need for significant upfront investments. Additionally, the regulatory changes and advancements in technology, such as cloud computing and APIs, are creating a favorable environment for the growth of BaaS. The need for cost-effective and scalable banking solutions, particularly for small and medium-sized enterprises, is also driving the market. Furthermore, the increasing focus on customer experience and the desire to differentiate from traditional banks are influencing the adoption of BaaS, as it allows businesses to offer unique and tailored financial services.

Global Voice Banking market size is expected to reach $3.49 billion by 2029 at 16.7%, segmented as by solution, voice recognition software, speech-to-text systems, voice authentication and security solutions, voice analytics tools

Context

The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans to countries of the world for capital projects. The World Bank's stated goal is the reduction of poverty. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Bank

Content

This dataset combines key education statistics from a variety of sources to provide a look at global literacy, spending, and access.

For more information, see the World Bank website.

Fork this kernel to get started with this dataset.

Acknowledgements

https://bigquery.cloud.google.com/dataset/bigquery-public-data:world_bank_health_population

http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/ed-stats

https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/public-data/world-bank-education

Citation: The World Bank: Education Statistics

Dataset Source: World Bank. This dataset is publicly available for anyone to use under the following terms provided by the Dataset Source - http://www.data.gov/privacy-policy#data_policy - and is provided "AS IS" without any warranty, express or implied, from Google. Google disclaims all liability for any damages, direct or indirect, resulting from the use of the dataset.

Banner Photo by @till_indeman from Unplash.

Inspiration

Of total government spending, what percentage is spent on education?

Graph and download economic data for Boone Indicator in Banking Market for Switzerland (DDOI05CHA156NWDB) from 1999 to 2014 about boone indicator, Switzerland, banks, and depository institutions.

Online Banks Market Outlook

The global online banks market size was valued at approximately USD 1.9 trillion in 2023 and is projected to reach around USD 4.6 trillion by 2032, growing at a robust CAGR of 10.5% over the forecast period. The growth in the online banking sector can be attributed to the increasing adoption of digital technologies, the proliferation of smartphones, and the rising demand for convenient and efficient banking services.

One of the primary growth factors for the online banks market is the rapid advancement in digital technology, which has revolutionized the banking industry. The integration of artificial intelligence, blockchain technology, and big data analytics has significantly enhanced the efficiency, security, and user experience of online banking platforms. Moreover, the widespread use of smartphones and the internet has made it easier for individuals and businesses to access banking services from anywhere at any time.

Another significant growth driver is the changing consumer preferences towards digital banking solutions. With the younger generation becoming more tech-savvy, there is a growing demand for online banking services that offer convenience, speed, and lower costs compared to traditional banking methods. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the adoption of online banking as consumers seek contactless and remote financial services to minimize physical interactions.

Regulatory support and initiatives by governments and financial institutions worldwide are also contributing to the growth of the online banks market. Regulatory frameworks that promote digital financial inclusion and the development of secure and robust digital banking infrastructures are fostering the expansion of online banking services. Furthermore, financial institutions are increasingly partnering with fintech companies to offer innovative and personalized banking solutions to their customers.

Retail Banking has been a cornerstone of the financial industry, offering essential services such as savings accounts, loans, and credit cards to individual consumers. As the digital landscape evolves, retail banking is undergoing a transformation, with online platforms providing enhanced accessibility and convenience. The shift towards digital retail banking is driven by consumer demand for seamless, 24/7 access to financial services, as well as the integration of advanced technologies like AI and machine learning. These innovations are enabling banks to offer personalized experiences, streamline operations, and improve customer satisfaction. As a result, retail banking is poised to play a pivotal role in the future of the online banking market, catering to the needs of a tech-savvy generation seeking efficient and secure financial solutions.

Regionally, North America and Europe are leading the online banks market, driven by high internet penetration, technological advancements, and a strong regulatory environment. However, the Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the fastest growth over the forecast period, fueled by the increasing adoption of digital technologies, rising disposable incomes, and supportive government initiatives aimed at promoting financial inclusion and digital banking.

Service Type Analysis

The online banks market can be segmented based on service type into savings accounts, checking accounts, loans, credit cards, and others. Savings accounts and checking accounts are the most commonly used online banking services, offering customers the ability to manage their finances with ease and convenience. The demand for online savings accounts is growing as consumers seek higher interest rates and more flexible terms compared to traditional bank accounts. Additionally, online checking accounts provide customers with easy access to their funds, facilitating everyday transactions through digital platforms.

Loans represent another significant segment within the online banks market. Online banks offer various types of loans, including personal loans, home loans, and auto loans, with competitive interest rates and streamlined application processes. The convenience of applying for loans online, along with faster approval times and lower fees, is attracting a growing number of borrowers to online banking platforms. Furthermore, online banks leverage advanced algorithms and data analytics to assess creditworthiness, enabling them to offer personalized loan products to their customers.

Nubank demonstrated remarkable customer acquisition in 2023, bringing in more than ** million new customers, surpassing all other major digital banking competitors in observed growth. This substantial expansion pushed Nubank's total customer base beyond ** million users. In parallel, Revolut experienced significant growth in its own right, attracting **** million new customers throughout 2023.

Jordan JO: Deposit Accounts: per 1000 Adults: Commercial Banks data was reported at 533.810 Number in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 518.150 Number for 2015. Jordan JO: Deposit Accounts: per 1000 Adults: Commercial Banks data is updated yearly, averaging 625.526 Number from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2016, with 13 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 819.163 Number in 2006 and a record low of 518.150 Number in 2015. Jordan JO: Deposit Accounts: per 1000 Adults: Commercial Banks data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Jordan – Table JO.World Bank.WDI: Banking Indicators. Depositors with commercial banks are the reported number of deposit account holders at commercial banks and other resident banks functioning as commercial banks that are resident nonfinancial corporations (public and private) and households. For many countries data cover the total number of deposit accounts due to lack of information on account holders. The major types of deposits are checking accounts, savings accounts, and time deposits.; ; International Monetary Fund, Financial Access Survey.; Median; Country-specific metadata can be found on the IMF’s FAS website at http://fas.imf.org.

Digital Banking Market size is valued at USD 9833.57 Million in 2024 and is anticipated to reach USD 23643.58 Million by 2031, growing at a CAGR of 11.59% from 2024 to 2031.

Digital Banking Market Drivers

Rapid Technological Advancements: Continuous advancements in digital technology, including mobile banking apps, artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, and biometric authentication, are driving the evolution of digital banking services, enhancing convenience, accessibility, and security for consumers. Changing Consumer Behavior: Increasing consumer preference for digital channels, fueled by the convenience of anytime, anywhere banking, is driving the adoption of digital banking services, including online account management, mobile payments, and digital wallets. Cost Efficiency for Banks: Digital banking offers cost-saving opportunities for financial institutions through reduced overhead costs associated with physical branches, tellers, and paper-based transactions, driving the adoption of digital-first strategies among banks. Regulatory Support and Compliance: Regulatory initiatives promoting open banking, data security, and consumer protection are driving innovation and competition in the digital banking market, fostering collaboration between banks, fintech firms, and regulatory authorities. Market Competition and Disruption: The emergence of fintech startups, digital-only banks, and tech giants entering the financial services sector is intensifying competition and driving innovation in digital banking, leading to enhanced customer experiences, product offerings, and pricing models.

Brazil Banking: Consolidated II: Net Interest Income (NII) data was reported at 2,136,537.000 BRL th in Mar 2019. This records a decrease from the previous number of 3,966,747.000 BRL th for Dec 2018. Brazil Banking: Consolidated II: Net Interest Income (NII) data is updated quarterly, averaging 838,128.000 BRL th from Mar 2000 (Median) to Mar 2019, with 77 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4,077,805.000 BRL th in Jun 2018 and a record low of 223,139.000 BRL th in Mar 2000. Brazil Banking: Consolidated II: Net Interest Income (NII) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bank of Brazil. The data is categorized under Brazil Premium Database’s Banking Sector – Table BR.KBB010: Financial Institutions: Income Statement: Banking: Consolidated II.

Internet Banking Market Outlook

In 2023, the global internet banking market size was valued at approximately USD 12.5 billion and is projected to reach around USD 32.4 billion by 2032, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.8% during the forecast period. This substantial growth is driven by multiple factors, including increased internet penetration, advancements in digital technology, and the growing preference for convenient banking solutions.

The exponential growth in internet penetration worldwide is a major catalyst for the expansion of the internet banking market. As more people gain access to reliable and high-speed internet, the ability to perform online banking transactions becomes more feasible and attractive. This trend is particularly pronounced in developing countries where internet infrastructure is rapidly improving, enabling a larger segment of the population to engage in internet banking. Additionally, the proliferation of smartphones and mobile devices has further accelerated this trend, allowing users to access banking services anytime and anywhere.

Advancements in digital technology have also played a crucial role in shaping the internet banking market. Innovations such as biometric authentication, artificial intelligence, and blockchain technology have enhanced the security and efficiency of online banking platforms. These technologies not only ensure the safety of financial transactions but also offer personalized and streamlined banking experiences. For instance, AI-powered chatbots provide real-time customer support, while blockchain technology ensures secure and transparent transactions. As these technologies continue to evolve, they are expected to drive further growth in the internet banking market.

The growing preference for convenient and time-saving banking solutions is another significant factor contributing to the market's growth. With the hectic lifestyles of modern consumers, the demand for quick and hassle-free banking services has surged. Internet banking meets this demand by offering a range of services, from fund transfers and bill payments to loan applications and investment management, all accessible from the comfort of one's home or office. This convenience, coupled with the ability to conduct transactions outside of traditional banking hours, has made internet banking an attractive option for both individuals and businesses.

The rise of Digital-led Consumer Banking is transforming the landscape of financial services, offering a more personalized and seamless banking experience for consumers. By leveraging digital platforms, banks are able to provide tailored financial products and services that cater to the unique needs of each customer. This approach not only enhances customer satisfaction but also fosters greater engagement and loyalty. As digital technologies continue to evolve, banks are increasingly focusing on integrating advanced analytics and AI-driven insights to deliver more relevant and timely financial solutions. The shift towards digital-led consumer banking is also driving innovation in areas such as mobile banking apps, digital wallets, and contactless payment solutions, further enhancing the convenience and accessibility of banking services.

Regionally, the internet banking market exhibits diverse growth patterns. North America and Europe are currently leading the market due to their well-established financial infrastructure and high adoption rates of digital banking solutions. However, the Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the highest growth rate during the forecast period, driven by the rapid economic development in countries like China and India, increasing internet penetration, and a growing middle-class population. Other regions such as Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are also showing promising growth prospects, supported by efforts to enhance digital inclusivity and financial infrastructure.

Service Type Analysis

Within the internet banking market, service types are segmented into retail banking, corporate banking, and investment banking. Retail banking, which caters to individual consumers, constitutes the largest segment due to the high volume of personal financial transactions occurring daily. Services such as online account management, fund transfers, loan applications, and bill payments are in high demand among retail customers. The convenience and accessibility of these services through internet banking platforms have significan

Shadow Banking Market Outlook

The global shadow banking market size was valued at approximately USD 65 trillion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 100 trillion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.8% during the forecast period. This market's growth is propelled by the increasing demand for alternative financing solutions, particularly in the wake of stringent regulatory measures imposed on traditional banking systems post the 2008 financial crisis. Shadow banking systems offer a range of financial activities, closely mirroring those of regulated banks, but often operate outside conventional banking regulations, fostering innovation and flexibility.

One of the primary growth factors for the shadow banking market is the ability of non-bank financial entities to provide credit and liquidity to the economy, especially during periods of financial stress. With traditional banking becoming heavily regulated, shadow banks have emerged as crucial providers of credit, filling the gaps left by commercial banks. They offer tailored financial products that cater to specific needs of borrowers, often with greater flexibility in terms of credit terms and risk management. Additionally, the use of advanced financial technologies and analytics has significantly enhanced the efficiency and reach of shadow banking activities, making them increasingly attractive to borrowers and investors alike.

Another factor boosting the shadow banking market is the technological advancements that have enabled these entities to operate at lower costs and serve a broader customer base. The proliferation of fintech companies has introduced sophisticated platforms for peer-to-peer lending, crowdfunding, and other forms of credit intermediation, empowering shadow banks to reach underserved markets and provide competitive financial products. Moreover, the integration of big data analytics, AI, and machine learning into shadow banking practices has allowed these institutions to better assess risks, streamline operations, and enhance user experience, thus supporting market growth.

Additionally, the globalization of financial markets has played a pivotal role in the expansion of the shadow banking sector. Emerging markets, with their burgeoning middle-class populations and rapid economic growth, have shown a particular demand for financial services that traditional banks fail to adequately meet. Shadow banks, with their varied portfolio of services, have adeptly filled this gap, offering innovative solutions tailored to the unique requirements of these regions. This trend is expected to continue, particularly in Asia Pacific, which is witnessing rapid urbanization and digitalization, making it a key player in the shadow banking market.

Regionally, North America currently holds a significant share of the shadow banking market, driven by a well-established financial infrastructure and the presence of numerous institutional investors seeking alternative investment avenues. However, Asia Pacific is anticipated to exhibit the highest growth rate during the forecast period, fueled by increasing urbanization, technological advancements, and a rising need for diverse financial services. Europe also plays a vital role, given its strong regulatory framework aimed at ensuring financial stability while promoting innovation within the shadow banking sector. Meanwhile, Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are gradually recognizing the potential of shadow banking, albeit at a slower pace due to regulatory and economic challenges.

Component Analysis

The component analysis of the shadow banking market reveals significant insights into its structure, which is primarily divided into credit intermediation, asset management, and others. Credit intermediation is the largest component, encompassing activities such as lending, borrowing, and risk transformation conducted by entities outside the traditional banking system. This segment is integral as it forms the backbone of shadow banking, providing an alternative source of credit to individuals and businesses, often characterized by reduced regulatory oversight. The flexibility offered by credit intermediaries in terms of loan structuring, interest rates, and collateral requirements makes them an attractive option for borrowers who might not meet the stringent criteria set by traditional banks.

Asset management, on the other hand, involves the management of financial assets on behalf of investors, including hedge funds, private equity, and other investment funds. This segment is crucial as it channels vast amounts of capital into various

Graph and download economic data for Lerner Index in Banking Market for Lithuania (DDOI04LTA066NWDB) from 1996 to 2014 about lerner index, Lithuania, banks, depository institutions, and indexes.

Mobile Digital Banking Market Outlook

The global mobile digital banking market size is poised to grow from USD 1.25 trillion in 2023 to USD 3.85 trillion by 2032, expanding at a robust CAGR of 13.2% during the forecast period. The primary growth factors contributing to this surge include the increasing penetration of smartphones and internet connectivity, as well as the rising inclination towards cashless transactions. Governments across the globe are also pushing for digital financial services, providing a significant boost to the mobile digital banking market.

One of the critical drivers of mobile digital banking growth is the ubiquitous presence of smartphones. With over 6 billion smartphone users worldwide, the accessibility of financial services through mobile apps has democratized banking. This has especially benefitted regions with limited banking infrastructure, allowing financial inclusion for previously underserved populations. Moreover, the integration of mobile banking apps with other fintech solutions like e-wallets, peer-to-peer lending, and investment platforms has further increased their utility, driving higher customer adoption rates.

Another potent factor fueling market growth is the continuous innovation in financial technology. Technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Blockchain, and Biometrics are revolutionizing the mobile banking landscape. AI is being used to provide personalized banking experiences, enhance customer service through chatbots, and detect fraudulent activities. Blockchain technology offers robust security features, ensuring transparent and tamper-proof transactions. Biometrics, on the other hand, adds an additional layer of security through fingerprint, facial, or voice recognition, rendering mobile banking not only convenient but also highly secure.

The COVID-19 pandemic has also acted as a catalyst for the mobile digital banking market. With lockdowns and social distancing norms, people have turned to mobile banking for their financial needs, avoiding physical visits to banks. This shift has accelerated the adoption of digital banking services, as consumers have become more comfortable and reliant on these platforms. Financial institutions have also ramped up their digital transformation strategies, investing heavily in mobile banking technologies to meet the growing demand.

The integration of Banking & Financial IoT is poised to further revolutionize the mobile digital banking landscape. By leveraging IoT devices, banks can offer more personalized and real-time financial services to their customers. For instance, IoT-enabled devices can facilitate seamless transactions and provide users with instant access to their financial data, enhancing the overall banking experience. Additionally, the use of IoT in banking can improve operational efficiency by automating routine tasks and reducing the need for manual intervention. This not only streamlines processes but also allows financial institutions to allocate resources towards more strategic initiatives. As IoT technology continues to evolve, it presents significant opportunities for banks to innovate and differentiate themselves in a competitive market.

Regionally, North America and Europe are expected to maintain a significant share of the global market due to their advanced technological infrastructure and high internet penetration rates. However, the Asia Pacific region is anticipated to witness the highest growth, driven by the large population, increasing smartphone usage, and government initiatives promoting digital financial services. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are also showing promising growth trajectories, albeit at a slower pace compared to other regions.

Service Type Analysis

In the realm of mobile digital banking, the service type segment encompasses various financial services such as payments, transfers, deposits, loans, and others. Payments represent a substantial portion of this market, driven by the convenience and speed they offer. Mobile payments, including peer-to-peer (P2P) transfers and merchant transactions, have seen a significant uptick, particularly with the integration of Near Field Communication (NFC) and QR code technologies. The proliferation of mobile wallets further augments this segment, providing users with seamless and secure payment solutions.

Open Banking Platform Market Outlook

The global open banking platform market size was valued at $15.13 billion in 2023, and it is expected to reach $62.91 billion by 2032, growing at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 17.1% from 2024 to 2032. This exponential growth is primarily driven by increasing demand for efficient and transparent banking solutions, the proliferation of digital banking, and regulatory mandates encouraging financial institutions to adopt open banking frameworks.

The surge in digital transformation within the banking sector is a significant growth factor for the open banking platform market. As traditional banks embrace digital solutions to stay competitive, open banking platforms enable them to innovate rapidly, improve customer experiences, and streamline operations. Furthermore, the increasing consumer demand for personalized banking services and the rise of financial technology (fintech) companies have accelerated the adoption of open banking platforms. The growing need for seamless and secure payment processing solutions is also contributing to market growth.

Another critical growth factor is the regulatory environment. Governments and financial regulators worldwide are increasingly mandating the adoption of open banking to foster competition, enhance transparency, and promote innovation in the financial services sector. For instance, the European Union's Revised Payment Services Directive (PSD2) requires banks to open their payment services and customer data to third-party providers, thereby accelerating the growth of the open banking platform market. Similarly, regulatory developments in the Asia Pacific and North America are expected to drive market growth over the forecast period.

The increasing collaboration between traditional financial institutions and fintech companies is also fueling the growth of the open banking platform market. By leveraging open banking platforms, banks can integrate fintech solutions into their existing systems, thereby offering innovative products and services to their customers. This collaboration not only helps banks improve their customer retention rates but also enables fintech companies to scale their operations and expand their market reach.

The concept of Banking As A Service (BaaS) is increasingly becoming integral to the open banking ecosystem. BaaS allows traditional banks to offer their core financial services to third-party providers through APIs, enabling these providers to build new financial products and services on top of existing banking infrastructure. This model not only enhances the capabilities of fintech companies but also allows banks to reach a broader customer base without the need for significant investments in new technology. As the demand for seamless and integrated banking experiences grows, BaaS is expected to play a pivotal role in shaping the future of financial services, driving further innovation and collaboration across the industry.

Regionally, North America and Europe are the largest markets for open banking platforms, driven by the presence of major financial institutions and supportive regulatory frameworks. However, the Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the highest growth rate during the forecast period, owing to the rapid digitalization of the banking sector, increasing smartphone penetration, and supportive government initiatives.

Component Analysis

The open banking platform market is segmented into software and services based on components. The software segment includes various types of applications, tools, and platforms that facilitate open banking operations. This segment holds a significant share of the market, primarily due to the increasing demand for robust and scalable software solutions that can support large-scale open banking activities. The software segment is further bifurcated into API management, security solutions, and analytics, each playing a vital role in the efficient functioning of open banking platforms.

API management software is crucial for the seamless integration of third-party services into existing banking systems. These APIs enable financial institutions to offer a wide range of services, from account aggregation to payment initiation, thereby enhancing customer experience and operational efficiency. Security solutions, on the other hand, are indispensable for protecting sensitive customer data and ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements. With the rise

WeBank, the Chinese digital bank, dominated the neobank market in 2024 with an unprecedented *** million customers at the end of 2023. The bank's robust growth extended to its financial performance, with WeBank's profits exceeding ** billion Chinese yuans in 2023. Rakuten followed in second place with ***** million customers as of September 2024. Nubank secured the third position, crossing the *** million customer mark in December 2024. In the European market, Revolut led with ** million customers by the end of 2024.