Abstract

The Labor Force Survey is a nationwide survey of households conducted regularly to gather data on the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the population. It is primarily geared towards the estimation of the levels of employment in the country.

The Labor Force Survey aims to provide a quantitative framework for the preparation of plans and formulation of policies affecting the labor market.

Geographic coverage

National coverage, the sample design has been drawn in such a way that accurate lower level classification would be possible. The 73 provinces, 14 cities of the Philippines are covered.

Analysis unit

• Person/ individual

Universe

The survey covered all persons 10 years old and over. Persons who reside in institutions are not covered.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sampling design of the Labor Force Survey adopts that of the Integrated Survey of Households (ISH), which uses a stratified two-stage sampling design. It is prepared by the NEDA Technical Committee on Survey Design and first implemented in 1984. It is the same sampling design used in the ISH modules starting in 1986.

The urban and rural areas of each province are the principal domains of the survey. In addition, the urban and rural areas of cities with a population of 150,000 or more as of 1980 are also made domains of the survey. These cities are the four cities in Metro Manila (Manila, Quezon City, Pasay and Caloocan); and the cities of Angeles, Olongapo,, Bacolod, Iloilo, Cebu, Zamboanga, Butuan, Cagayan de Oro, Davao, and Iligan.

The rest of Metro Manila, i.e., Pasig, Makati and the 11 other municipalities, are treated as three separate domains. In the case of Makati, six exclusive villages are identified and samples are selected using a different scheme. These villages are Forbes Park, Bel-Air, Dasmarinas, San Lorenzo, Urdaneta and Magallanes.

Sampling Units and Sampling Frame The primary sampling units (PSUs) under the sample design are the barangays and the households within each sample barangay comprise the secondary sampling units (SSUs). The frame from which the sample barangays are drawn is obtained from the 1980 Census of Population and Housing (CPH). Hence, all the approximately 40,000 barangays covered in the 1980 CPH are part of the primary sampling frame. The sampling frame for the SSUs, that is, the households, is prepared by listing all households in each of the selected sample barangays. The listing operation is conducted regularly in the sample barangays to update the secondary sampling frame from where the sample households are selected.

Sample Size and Sampling Fraction The size of the sample is envisioned to meet the demand for fairly adequate statistics at the domain level. Taking this need into account and considering cost constraints as well, the decision reached is for a national sample of about 20,000 households. In general, the sample design results in self-weighting samples within domains, with a uniform sampling fraction of 1:400 for urban and 1:600 for rural areas. However, special areas are assigned different sampling fractions so as to obtain "adequate" samples for each. Special areas refer to the urban and rural areas of a province or large city which are small relative to their counterparts.

Selection of Samples For the purpose of selecting PSUs, the barangay in each domain are arranged by population size (as of the 1980 Census of Population) in descending order and then grouped into strata of approximately equal sizes. Four independent PSUs are drawn with probability proportional to size with complete replacement.

Secondary sampling units are selected systematiclally with a random start.

Sampling deviation

Replacement of non-responding or transferred sample households is allowed although it is still possible to have non-response cases due to critical peace and order situation or inaccessibility of the selected sample households. If there are unenumerated barangays or sample households, non-response adjustments are utilized.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The items of information presented in the April 1991 Quarterly Labor Force Survey questionnaire were derived from a structured questionnaire covering the demographic and economic characteristics of individuals. The demographic characteristics include age, sex, relationship to household head, marital status, and highest grade completed. The economic characteristics include employment status, occupation, industry, nomal working hours, total hours worked, class of worker, etc.

Cleaning operations

Data processing involves two stages: manual processing and machine processing. Manual processing refers to the manual editing and coding of questionnaires. This was done prior to machine processing which entailed code validation, consistency checks as well as tabulation.

Enumeration is a very complex operation and may happen that accomplished questionnaires may have some omissions and implausible or inconsistent entries. Editing is meant to correct these errors.

For purposes of operational convenience, field editing was done. The interviewers were required to review the entries at the end of each interview. Blank items, which were applicable to the respondents, were verified and filled out. Before being transmitted to the regional office, all questionnaires were edited in the field offices.

Coding, the transformation of information from the questionnaire to machine readable form, was likewise done in the field offices.

Machine processing involved all operations that were done with the use of a computer and/or its accessories, that is, from data encoding to tabulation. Coded data are usually in such media as tapes and diskettes. Machine editing is preferred to ensure correctness of encoded information. Except for sample completeness check and verification of geographic identification which are the responsibility of the subject matter division, some imputations and corrections of entries are done mechanically.

Response rate

The response rate for April 1991 LFS was 99.86 percent. The non-response rate of 0.14 percent was due to crticial peace and order situation or inaccessibility of the selected sample or sample households.

Sampling error estimates

Standard Error (SE) and Coefficient of Variation (CV) for the selected variables of the Labor Force Survey (LFS) for April 1991 survey round was computed using the statistical package IMPS. The selected variables referred to include the employment, unemployment and labor force population levels and rates.

A sampling error is usually measured in terms of the standard error for a particular statistic. A standard error is a measure of dispersion of an estimate from the expected value.

The SE can be used to calculate confidence intervals within which the true value for the population can be estimated, while the CV is a measure of relative variability that is commonly used to assess the precision of survey estimates.

The CV is defined as the ratio of the standard error and the estimate. An estimate with CV value of less than 10 percent is considered precise.

Abstract

The 2022 Philippines National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) was implemented by the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA). Data collection took place from May 2 to June 22, 2022.

The primary objective of the 2022 NDHS is to provide up-to-date estimates of basic demographic and health indicators. Specifically, the NDHS collected information on fertility, fertility preferences, family planning practices, childhood mortality, maternal and child health, nutrition, knowledge and attitudes regarding HIV/AIDS, violence against women, child discipline, early childhood development, and other health issues.

The information collected through the NDHS is intended to assist policymakers and program managers in designing and evaluating programs and strategies for improving the health of the country’s population. The 2022 NDHS also provides indicators anchored to the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the new Philippine Development Plan for 2023 to 2028.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

• Household
• Individual
• Children age 0-5
• Woman age 15-49

Universe

The survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents), all women aged 15-49, and all children aged 0-4 resident in the household.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sampling scheme provides data representative of the country as a whole, for urban and rural areas separately, and for each of the country’s administrative regions. The sample selection methodology for the 2022 NDHS was based on a two-stage stratified sample design using the Master Sample Frame (MSF) designed and compiled by the PSA. The MSF was constructed based on the listing of households from the 2010 Census of Population and Housing and updated based on the listing of households from the 2015 Census of Population. The first stage involved a systematic selection of 1,247 primary sampling units (PSUs) distributed by province or HUC. A PSU can be a barangay, a portion of a large barangay, or two or more adjacent small barangays.

In the second stage, an equal take of either 22 or 29 sample housing units were selected from each sampled PSU using systematic random sampling. In situations where a housing unit contained one to three households, all households were interviewed. In the rare situation where a housing unit contained more than three households, no more than three households were interviewed. The survey interviewers were instructed to interview only the preselected housing units. No replacements and no changes of the preselected housing units were allowed in the implementing stage in order to prevent bias. Survey weights were calculated, added to the data file, and applied so that weighted results are representative estimates of indicators at the regional and national levels.

All women age 15–49 who were either usual residents of the selected households or visitors who stayed in the households the night before the survey were eligible to be interviewed. Among women eligible for an individual interview, one woman per household was selected for a module on women’s safety.

For further details on sample design, see APPENDIX A of the final report.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

Two questionnaires were used for the 2022 NDHS: the Household Questionnaire and the Woman’s Questionnaire. The questionnaires, based on The DHS Program’s model questionnaires, were adapted to reflect the population and health issues relevant to the Philippines. Input was solicited from various stakeholders representing government agencies, academe, and international agencies. The survey protocol was reviewed by the ICF Institutional Review Board.

After all questionnaires were finalized in English, they were translated into six major languages: Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, Bikol, Hiligaynon, and Waray. The Household and Woman’s Questionnaires were programmed into tablet computers to allow for computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) for data collection purposes, with the capability to choose any of the languages for each questionnaire.

Cleaning operations

Processing the 2022 NDHS data began almost as soon as fieldwork started, and data security procedures were in place in accordance with confidentiality of information as provided by Philippine laws. As data collection was completed in each PSU or cluster, all electronic data files were transferred securely via SyncCloud to a server maintained by the PSA Central Office in Quezon City. These data files were registered and checked for inconsistencies, incompleteness, and outliers. The field teams were alerted to any inconsistencies and errors while still in the area of assignment. Timely generation of field check tables allowed for effective monitoring of fieldwork, including tracking questionnaire completion rates. Only the field teams, project managers, and NDHS supervisors in the provincial, regional, and central offices were given access to the CAPI system and the SyncCloud server.

A team of secondary editors in the PSA Central Office carried out secondary editing, which involved resolving inconsistencies and recoding “other” responses; the former was conducted during data collection, and the latter was conducted following the completion of the fieldwork. Data editing was performed using the CSPro software package. The secondary editing of the data was completed in August 2022. The final cleaning of the data set was carried out by data processing specialists from The DHS Program in September 2022.

Response rate

A total of 35,470 households were selected for the 2022 NDHS sample, of which 30,621 were found to be occupied. Of the occupied households, 30,372 were successfully interviewed, yielding a response rate of 99%. In the interviewed households, 28,379 women age 15–49 were identified as eligible for individual interviews. Interviews were completed with 27,821 women, yielding a response rate of 98%.

Sampling error estimates

The estimates from a sample survey are affected by two types of errors: (1) nonsampling errors and (2) sampling errors. Nonsampling errors are the results of mistakes made in implementing data collection and in data processing, such as failure to locate and interview the correct household, misunderstanding of the questions on the part of either the interviewer or the respondent, and data entry errors. Although numerous efforts were made during the implementation of the 2022 Philippines National Demographic and Health Survey (2022 NDHS) to minimize this type of error, nonsampling errors are impossible to avoid and difficult to evaluate statistically.

Sampling errors, on the other hand, can be evaluated statistically. The sample of respondents selected in the 2022 NDHS is only one of many samples that could have been selected from the same population, using the same design and identical size. Each of these samples would yield results that differ somewhat from the results of the actual sample selected. Sampling errors are a measure of the variability between all possible samples. Although the degree of variability is not known exactly, it can be estimated from the survey results.

A sampling error is usually measured in terms of the standard error for a particular statistic (mean, percentage, etc.), which is the square root of the variance. The standard error can be used to calculate confidence intervals within which the true value for the population can reasonably be assumed to fall. For example, for any given statistic calculated from a sample survey, the value of that statistic will fall within a range of plus or minus two times the standard error of that statistic in 95% of all possible samples of identical size and design.

If the sample of respondents had been selected as a simple random sample, it would have been possible to use straightforward formulas for calculating sampling errors. However, the 2022 NDHS sample was the result of a multistage stratified design, and, consequently, it was necessary to use more complex formulas. Sampling errors are computed in SAS using programs developed by ICF. These programs use the Taylor linearization method to estimate variances for survey estimates that are means, proportions, or ratios. The Jackknife repeated replication method is used for variance estimation of more complex statistics such as fertility and mortality rates.

A more detailed description of estimates of sampling errors are presented in APPENDIX B of the survey report.

Data appraisal

Data Quality Tables

• Household age distribution
• Age distribution of eligible and interviewed women
• Age displacement at age 14/15
• Age displacement at age 49/50
• Pregnancy outcomes by years preceding the survey
• Completeness of reporting
• Observation of handwashing facility
• School attendance by single year of age
• Vaccination cards photographed
• Population pyramid
• Five-year mortality rates

See details of the data quality tables in Appendix C of the final report.

Abstract

The objective of the survey was to generate estimates on current stock of rice and corn in farming and non-farming households. The data generated from the survey seek to: 1. serve as input in the analysis of the seasonal trends and variations in the supply of rice and corn; 2. serve as input for forecasting future supply and demand of palay and corn; and 3. assist policy-makers in the formulation, implementation and administration of agricultural economic programs.

Geographic coverage

National Coverage.

Analysis unit

Households

Universe

Farming and non-farming households

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The domain of the survey is the province. The sampling procedure used in the Palay and Corn Stocks Survey 1 (PCSS-1) makes use of one replicate of the Palay and Corn Production Survey (PCPS). Sample selection is done in two stages: at the barangay level and at the household level. The province's classification is taken into consideration in the classification of barangays sampled.

• For pure palay provinces, or provinces whose major crop is palay, all the 10 sample barangays from one replicate of the Palay Production Survey (PPS) are covered.
• For pure corn provinces, or provinces whose major crop is corn, all the 10 sample barangays from one replicate of the Corn Production Survey (CPS) are covered.
• For palay and corn (overlap) provinces, or provinces where both palay and corn are the major crops, five (5) barangays are drawn from the PPS sample barangays and another five (5) from the CPS sample barangays.
• For minor provinces, or provinces whose major crop is neither palay nor corn, five (5) sample barangays are drawn.

In the selection of sample households, the PCSS-1 incorporated non-farming households, in addition to farming households of the PCPS. Selection of the five (5) non-farming households was done using simple random sampling.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face paper [f2f]

Cleaning operations

Completed questionnaires were edited, compiled and summarized by the field staff. Initial estimates of stocks of palay and corn for the barangay (raw data) and province, were also computed using the prescribed estimation procedure.

The processing of the data from the Palay and Corn Stocks Survey-1 (PCSS-1) is decentralized. In the POs, this was done manually and results derived were processed using an Excel-based processing system developed at the Cereals Statistics Section (CSS) of the central office. The resulting provincial estimates were summarized using the prescribed format and forwarded to the central office for review and consolidation.

Abstract

Census of Population and Housing (CPH) refers to the entire process of collecting, compiling, evaluating, analyzing, publishing, and disseminating data about the population and the living quarters in a country. It entails the listing and recording of the characteristics of each individual and each living quarter as of a specified time and within a specified territory. In other words, the CPH offers a “snapshot” of the entire population on a specific date, that is, how many people reside within the national borders, who they are, and where they live during such specified date. Also, included are the characteristics of the housing units where they reside.

The 2010 CPH is designed to take an inventory of the total population and housing units in the Philippines and collect information about their characteristics. The census of population is the source of information on the size and distribution of the population, as well as their demographic, social, economic, and cultural characteristics. The census of housing, on the other hand, provides information on the stock of housing units and their structural characteristics and facilities which have bearing on the maintenance of privacy and health, and the development of normal family living conditions. These information are vital for making rational plans and programs for local and national development.

Specifically, the 2010 CPH aims to: - obtain comprehensive data on the size, composition, and distribution of the population of the Philippines; - gather data on birth registration, literacy, school attendance, place of school, highest grade/year completed, residence 5 years ago, overseas worker, usual occupation, kind of business or industry, class of worker, place of work, fertility, religion, citizenship, ethnic group, disability, and functional difficulty, and determine their geographic distribution; - take stock of the housing units existing in the country and to get information about their geographic location, structural characteristics, and facilities, among others; - obtain information on the characteristics of the barangay, which will be used as basis for urban-rural classification; and - serve as sampling frame for use in household-based surveys.

Data collected in this census were compiled, evaluated, analyzed, published, and disseminated for the use of government, business, industry, social scientists, other research and academic institutions, and the general public. Among the important uses of census data are the following:

In government: - redistricting and apportionment of congressional seats; - allocation of resources and revenues; - creation of political and administrative units; - formulation of policies concerning population and housing; and - formulation of programs relative to the delivery of basic services for health, education, housing, and others

In business and industry: - determination of sites for establishing businesses; - determination of consumer demands for various goods and services; and - determination of supply of labor for the production of goods and services

In research and academic institutions: - conduct of researches on population and other disciplines; and - study of population growth and distribution as basis in preparing projections

Geographic coverage

National coverage Regions Provinces Cities and Municipalities Barangays

Analysis unit

household questionnaire: individuals (household members), households, housing units institutional questionnaire: individuals (institutional population), institutional living quarters barangay questionnaire: barangay

Universe

Census-taking in the Philippines follows a de-jure concept wherein a person is counted in the usual place of residence or the place where the person usually resides. Information on the count of the population and living quarters were collected with 12:01 a.m. of May 1, 2010 as the census reference time and date.

The following individuals were enumerated:

• Those who were present at the time of visit and whose usual place of residence is the housing unit where the household lives.

• Those whose usual place of residence is the place where the household lives but are temporarily away at the time of the census.

• Boarders/lodgers of the household or employees of household-operated businesses who do not usually return/go to their respective homes weekly.

• Overseas workers and who have been away at the time of the census for not more than five years from the date of departure and are expected to be back within five years from the date of last departure.

• Filipino "balikbayans" with usual place of residence in a foreign country but have resided or are expected to reside in the Philippines for at least a year from their arrival.

• Citizens of foreign countries who have resided or are expected to reside in the Philippines for at least a year from their arrival, except members of diplomatic missions and non-Filipino members of international organizations.

• Persons temporarily staying with the household who have no usual place of residence or who are not certain to be enumerated elsewhere.

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Sampling procedure

In the 2010 CPH, there are basically two types of questionnaires used for the enumeration of household members. These are CPH Form 2 or the Common Household Questionnaire and CPH Form 3 or the Sample Household Questionnaire. CPH Form 3 contains more questions than CPH Form 2.

The 2010 CPH was carried out through a combination of complete enumeration and sampling. For this census, systematic cluster sampling was adopted. This sampling method is designed in such a way that efficient and accurate estimates will be obtained at the city/municipality level.

The sampling rate or the proportion of households to be selected as samples depends on the size of the city/municipality where the Enumeration Area (EA) is located. For the cities/municipalities with estimated number of households of 500 and below, 100 percent sampling rate was used. While for those cities/municipalities with estimated number of households of 501 and above, a sampling rate of 20 percent was implemented.

In this sampling scheme, each city/municipality was treated as a domain. For city/municipality with 100 percent sampling rate, all households in all the EAs within this city/municipality were selected as samples. For those with a 20 percent sampling rate, systematic cluster sampling was adopted. That is, sample selection of one in five clusters with the first cluster selected at random. Thus in effect, the EAs belonging to the city/municipality with 20 percent sampling rate are divided into clusters of size 5. Random start is pre-determined for each EA.

If the sampling rate applied to a city/municipality is 100 percent, it means that all households in that municipality were administered with CPH Form 3. If it is 20 percent, it means that 20 percent of all households used CPH Form 3 while 80 percent used CPH Form 2.

The random start used by EA is a number from 1 to 5 which was used to select the cluster where the first sample households in an EA, and subsequently the other sample households, were included.

Clusters are formed by grouping together households that have been assigned consecutive serial numbers as they were listed in the Listing Booklet. For a 20 percent sampling rate, clusters were formed by grouping together five households.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

CPH Form 1 - Listing Booklet This form is a booklet used to list the buildings, housing units, households, and the Institutional Living Quarters (ILQs) within an EA. This form also records other important information such as the name of household heads and name and type of institutions and their addresses, population totals, and counts of males and females.

CPH Form 2 - Common Household Questionnaire This is the basic census questionnaire, which was used to interview and record information about the common or nonsample households. This questionnaire gathered information on the following demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the population: relationship to household head, sex, date of birth, age, birth registration, marital status, religion, ethnicity, citizenship, disability, functional difficulty, highest grade/year completed, residence 5 years ago, and overseas worker. It also contains questions on the type of building/house, construction materials of the roof and outer walls, state of repair of the building/house, year the building/house was built, floor area of the housing unit, and tenure status of the lot.

CPH Form 3 - Sample Household Questionnaire This is the basic census questionnaire, which was used to interview and record information about the sample households. This questionnaire contains ALL questions asked in CPH Form 2 PLUS additional population questions: literacy, school attendance, place of school, usual occupation, kind of business or industry, class of worker, place of work, and some items on fertility. Moreover, there are additional questions on household characteristics: fuel for lighting and cooking, source of water supply for drinking and/or cooking and for laundry, and bathing, tenure status of the housing unit, acquisition of the housing unit, source of financing of the housing unit, monthly rental of the housing unit, tenure status of the lot, usual manner of garbage disposal, kind of toilet facility, and land ownership. It also asked questions on the language/dialect generally spoken at home, residence five years from now, and presence of household conveniences/devices, and access to internet.

CPH Form 4 -

Abstract

There has been an increasing demand for data on the costs and returns of palay production by seed classification. This information will help not only the farmers but also other agribusiness players who are interested to venture in palay production. Moreover, it guides planners and policy makers in the agriculture sector in the design and implementation of development programs and projects related to palay production.

The survey aimed to generate data on production costs and returns for palay by seed type and class, determine indicators of profitability such as gross and net returns, returns above cash costs, returns above variable costs etc, and determine the average usage of material and labor inputs and other socio-economic variables related to palay production.

Geographic coverage

National Coverage

Analysis unit

Agricultural holdings

Universe

The survey covered all palay farms with harvest during the reference period July 2004 to June 2005

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The survey covered 630 sample palay farmers broken down as follows: Nueva Ecija - 240; Leyte - 270; Davao del Norte - 120. The domain of the study was the province, with the last completed normal cropping within July 2004 to June 2005 as the reference period. Farmers who harvested palay during the reference period were the target samples for the survey.

A three-stage sampling design was employed with the municipality as the primary sampling unit, barangay as the secondary sampling unit and the palay farmer as the ultimate sampling unit. The procedures used in the sample selection were as follows:

1. In each province, information on palay physical area, total number of palay farmers, and coverage in the GMA-Rice Program by municipality were gathered from the concerned provincial operations centers (POC) with Office of the Provincial Agriculturist (OPAG), Municipal Agricultural Office (MAO) and the 1999 Barangay Screening Survey (BSS) as data sources.

2. The sample municipalities were drawn using probability proportional to size (PPS) based on physical area.

3. In the selected municipalities, barangay-level information was obtained using the key informant approach. These information included physical area of palay farms, coverage or non-coverage of the barangay in the GMA-Rice Program, number of beneficiaries of the GMA-Rice Program, percentage adoption by seed type/class, availability of irrigation facilities, anticipated field operational problems and indication whether the barangay was affected by any calamity during the reference period. Four seed classes/types were considered, namely: Hybrid, Inbred Modern Certified, Inbred Modern Farmer's Produce and Inbred Traditional

4. Based on the information obtained in (3), area used per seed type/class was derived. The barangays were arranged in descending order of area devoted to the seed type and class, then the sample barangays per seed group were identified. Sample sizes were determined such that the number of sampled palay farmers per barangay was 10 and the number of sample barangays was equally allocated to the different seed groups in the province. This allocation was used since there was no sound basis on the true distribution of usage of each seed type and class in the province. However, adjustment in the distribution of samples was made depending on the actual situation in the province as verified during the data collection.

5. Independent sets of sample barangays were selected from each seed group based on the following criteria:

   • having higher palay physical area devoted to the seed type and class;
   • with minimal field operation problems; and
   • not damaged by any calamity throughout the reference period. This procedure implied that a barangay can be identified as sample in at least one seed group.

6. Selection of sample farmers was done during data collection using the snowball approach. This procedure entailed looking for the first potential sample farmer then searching for the rest based on referrals of the previous samples. This was done by first obtaining the names and addresses of palay farmers living in the barangay from the office of the barangay captain or any barangay key informant during the conduct of the survey. From this list, the enumerator selected any palay farmer as the first potential sample, or, if no list was available, information on one palay farmer as a potential sample will do. A set of screening questions was used by the enumerator for this purpose. Qualified sample farmers were interviewed using the CRS questionnaire and his name and address were written in the CRS List of Sample Palay Farmers.

Sampling deviation

The targetted number of sample farmers for each province was followed. However, the distribution of farmers to be covered per seed class/type was not met since no sample farmer using tradtional seeds was enumerated. Only the three (3) seed classes /types such as hybrid, inbred modern certified and inbred modern farmers' produce were covered. Adjustment in the distribution of samples was made depending on the actual situation in the province as verified during the data collection.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face paper [f2f]

Cleaning operations

During and after data collection, the data collectors checked the completeness, consistency and acceptability of the information collected. The questionnaires were edited manually at the Provincial Operations Center (POC) based on the established CRS field office editing guidelines prepared by the Central Office.

The edited questionnaires were again checked at the Central Office. Further editing and coding were done using the CRS central office editing and coding guidelines. A training on this aspect was conducted. After data encoding at the Central Office, these passed through computerized editing program which checked the consistencies of the encoded data and validation of entries. The criteria used was the same with that in the manual editing. An error list was produced to capture errors overlooked during manual editing. This was undertaken to ensure the accuracy of data entry. Unreasonable answers were reviewed and verified against the questionnaire.

The Field Office Editing Guidelines contained in the Manual of Operation and Central Office Editing and Coding Guidelines are provided as External Resources.

Response rate

Response rate of 100 percent

Data appraisal

A project team was organized to review and analyze the result of the survey. The acceptability of data was assessed, compared and validated with the result of the 2002 Costs and Returns of Palay Production and other related studies on input usage, labor utilization, production cost and return structure of palay by seed class and by farm type.

Abstract

The Republic of the Philippines is making great efforts to develop agriculture at a pace necessary to meet the food requirements of the fast growing population. It has become necessary to use current agricultural statistics that will help present an accurate picture of the country's food situation. Especially important, is the expected supply and consumption requirements of the people, particularly of meat products. The Backyard Livestock and Poultry Survey (BLPS) seek to provide such information.

The data to be obtained from this survey would not only be important from the point of view of the national economy but also from that of the farmer. The government should have available accurate information with which to anchor its major agricultural policy decisions, of which the farmers are the ultimate beneficiaries. For instance, a decision on whether to import or export livestock and poultry products has its effects not only on the national economy but also on the individual farmer. Such national decision will directly affect the raising and trading decisions of livestock and poultry raisers in the country.

The BLPS is one of the four major surveys for livestock and poultry. This survey aims to generate primary data on inventory/population, and supply and disposition of animals from backyard farms (small holders). Specifically, the survey gears to generate information on the following: Livestock and Poultry inventory and production; and Current egg production for ducks and chicken.

Moreover, BLPS shall also aid the policy makers in generating sound policy decision on the improvement of backyard farms for the welfare of the farmers.

Geographic coverage

National Coverage

Analysis unit

Households

Universe

The survey covered all backyard farms. Backyard Farm refers to a farm or household whether farming or non-farming operated by a farmer/household that raises at least one of the following:

1. Livestock · Less than 21 heads of adult and zero head of young · Less than 41 heads of young animals · Less than 10 heads of adult and 22 heads of young

2. Poultry · Less than 500 layers, or 1,000 broilers · Less than 100 layers and 100 broilers if raised in combination · Less than 100 head of duck regardless of age

A backyard farm is categorized by its household classification. There are two (2) household classification. These are farming households and non-farming households.

The farming household is any household in which a member operates an agricultural land, either solely or jointly with other members, and the aggregate area operated by the operator-members of such household qualifies to be called a farm. The non-farming household is any household in which a member operates an agricultural land, either solely or jointly with other members, and the aggregate area operated by the operator-members of such household does not qualify as a farm.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The BLPS uses the Palay and Corn Production Survey (PCPS) frame. There are four (4) replicates of the PCPS but the BLPS covers only one (1) replicate, consisting of one barangay per replicate. The BLPS employs a two-stage stratified sampling with the barangay as the primary sampling unit (PSU) and the household as the secondary sampling unit (SSU). Sample selection is done as follows.

First Stage (Primary) Sampling Unit Selection Selection of sample barangays is based on pre-determined classification of provinces. For provinces whose major crop is either palay or corn, ten (10) sample barangays are covered. For provinces where both palay and corn are the major crops (called overlap provinces), five (5) barangays are drawn from palay barangays and another five (5) barangays from corn barangays. Finally, for other provinces (those whose major crop grown is neither palay nor corn), only five (5) sample barangays are drawn.

Second Stage (Secondary) Sampling Unit Selection All PCPS sample farming households in the BLPS sample barangay are covered. To represent the non-farming group in each sample barangay, additional five (5) non-farming households are selected through the right coverage approach with a defined starting point and random start.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Response rate

Response rate refers to the ratio of sample households who responded to the survey to the total number of sample households, expressed as a percentage. The response rate for January, 2016 Round is above 85%.

Abstract

The response of the Philippine Government to the global threat of bird flu has been remarkable. The country, with all the concerted efforts of both private and government sectors, has maintained its "AVIAN FREE" status up to the present, while even the first world countries, despite the significant efforts to protect themselves have failed. As part of the country's preparedness program on the impending threat of AVIAN FLU, a survey was undertaken to generate benchmark avian population count by type of farm, by barangay. The Bureau of Agricultural Statistics (BAS), in collaboration with the Bureau of Animal Industry (BAI), DA-Regional Field Units (RFUs) and Local Government Units (LGUs) conducted the Avian Population Survey (AvPS).

The survey collected information on inventory of chicken, duck, other poultry and birds by classification, by farm type, number of commercial farms and housing capacity. Key Informant approach was used in generating the above information nationwide. The information generated gave the BAI a spatial dimension of the country's avian population. The said undertaking gave us a clear scope of population at risk, on the smallest geographical unit possible, the barangay. Response to any eventualities will be more direct and efficient in the presence of data on avian population by barangay. We will also be well equipped in decision making both in disease control and in trade if we will be able to see the accurate and detailed distribution of population of our poultry in the country. The BAS and other DA agencies that participated in this activity hoped that the outputs of this survey can provide the planners, policy makers, farmers and other stakeholders with relevant information details regarding poultry population in the country.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

Households

Universe

Households and farms in the barangay raising poultry and/or other avian species.

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Sampling procedure

Not applicable

Mode of data collection

Other [oth]

Cleaning operations

After the data collector has reviewed and completely filled up all the items in the questionnaires, these were submitted to the POCs which forwarded the same to ROC for regional consolidation then to BAS Central Office for national consolidation. The survey questionnaires went through verification and manual editing to see if the data collected were consistent with the requirements in the editing guidelines which was provided by the BAS.

The Provincial Processing Officers (PPOs) of BAS were responsible in data coding, encoding, electronic data cleaning and generation of systems generated outputs by barangay, municipality and province. The provincial outputs were submitted to the Regional Processing Officers (RPOs) of BAS to come up with the regional estimates.

Abstract

The CrPS is conducted quarterly to generate production estimates for crops other than cereals at the national, regional and provincial levels disaggregation. Out of the 230 crops covered, the individual estimates of the 19 crops highlighted in the Quarterly Report on the Production in Agriculture are released at the national level while the rest were lumped as "Other Crops". Provincial level estimates are available on an annual basis.

The survey aims to support the data needs of planners, policy and decision makers and other stakeholders in the agricultural sector, and to provide periodic updates on crop related developments. The survey adopts two-stage sampling with the municipality as the Primary Sampling Unit and the households as the Secondary Sampling Unit.

Geographic coverage

National Coverage

Analysis unit

Households

Universe

The survey covers all small farm producers and plantation farms of all agricultural crops, other than palay and corn, nationwide .

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The survey employs two-stage sampling design with municipality as the Primary Sampling Units (PSU) and farmer-producer as the Secondary Sampling Units (SSU).

Farms are classified as small farms and plantation farms. For small farms, crops are classified based on coverage of the Farm Price Survey, i.e. Farm Price Survey and non-Farm Price Survey. For crops under Farm Price Survey, the top five producing municipalities based on the volume of production were chosen as PSU. In each municipality, five sample farmer-producers as SSU were enumerated. For small farms of all other crops not covered under Farm Price Survey, top two to three producing municipalities were chosen as PSUs. In each municipality, three sample farmer-producers as SSU were enumerated.

This scheme is applied to each of the crops being covered every survey round. It is possible for a farmer-producer to be a respondent for several crops, which he plants and harvests during the reference quarter. Classification for plantation farms is based on the cut-off on area planted. Each survey round covers a maximum of 5 plantations by crop.

The above scheme was adopted since 2005 to date. The sampling design for CrPS has undergone several changes. From 1988 until 2000, the survey adopted three stage sampling or 5x5x5. This is intended to represent the five (5) municipalities as the PSU, five barangays as the SSU and five (5) households as the USU. In May 2000, a two stage sampling was adopted with the five (5) top producing municipalities as the PSU and five farmers-producers as the SSU.

For coconut, the sampling procedure was in collaboration with the PCA which was developed in 1996. The Bureau was responsible for the survey methodology and data processing while the PCA was responsible for the data collection. A three-stage sampling was employed. The domain of the survey is the municipality, classified as coastal flat, coastal upland, inland flat, and inland upland. The barangays, also classified according to the classification used for the municipalities, serve as the first stage. The second stage is the two coconut farmers from each sample barangay drawn using simple random sampling. The third stage is the 10 sample coconut trees lying along the longest diagonal line bisecting the parcel. The sampling design cut across the small and plantation farms and remain the same until the frame is updated or the sampling design is changed.

The survey was piloted in Davao Region provinces which started on the fourth quarter of 1996. This was replicated in the Western Visayas provinces in the first quarter of the following year. The provinces in the rest of the regions conducted this survey beginning in June 1997. The PASOs and the Provincial Coconut Development Managers jointly validate the results. The PASOs forward the result to the region for further joint review by the RASOs and the Regional Managers.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face paper [f2f]

Cleaning operations

Editing is done in four stages during the data review. The initial stage is at the collection point while with the respondent. This starts with the completeness and correctness of the entries in the answer grid. The yield per unit area, or kilograms per bearing tree and planting density were computed and verified with the respondents when these are out of range. The range varies by crop and reference period. The farmer-respondents are asked on the climatic condition a quarter ago up to the prevailing quarter and explanations on the change in the level against the same period a year ago. During the Provincial Data Review, Regional Data Review and National Data Review, data editing is done after encoding and data transfer from one form or system to another during the generation of estimates.

Data appraisal

The estimates are subjected to three levels of data review and validation. These are the Provincial Data Review (PDR), Regional Data Review (RDR) and National Data Review (NDR). Across all data validation levels, a set of parameters is being used as guideposts and the available data from other agencies.

The existing indicators also accounts for the situation in the province. At the RDR, the data is assessed to reflect the situation of the region and the levels in comparison between and among the provinces in the region. At the NDR, the data are validated in comparison to national level data and the data between and among the regions. To some extent and for valid reasons, this involves adjustment of the levels of the data generated.

Abstract

The Labor Force Survey (LFS) aims to provide a quantitative framework for the preparation of plans and formulation of policies affecting the labor market. Specifically, the survey is designed to provide statistics on levels and trends of employment, unemployment and underemployment for the country, as a whole, and for each of the administrative regions, including provinces and key cities.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

Individuals

Universe

Individuals 15 years and over.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sampling design of the Labor Force Survey (LFS) uses the sampling design of the 2003 Master Sample (MS) for Household Surveys that started July 2003.

Sampling Frame

As in most household surveys, the 2003 MS used an area sample design. The Enumeration Area Reference File (EARF) of the 2000 Census of Population and Housing (CPH) was utilized as sampling frame. The EARF contains the number of households by enumeration area (EA) in each barangay. This frame was used to form the primary sampling units (PSUs). With consideration of the period for which the 2003 MS will be in use, the PSUs were formed/defined as a barangay or a combination of barangays with at least 500 households.

Stratification Scheme

Startification involves the division of the entire population into non-overlapping subgroups called starta. Prior to sample selection, the PSUs in each domain were stratified as follows: 1) All large PSUs were treated as separate strata and were referred to as certainty selections (self-representing PSUs). A PSU was considered large if it has a large probability of selection. 2) All other PSUs were then stratified by province, highly urbanized city (HUC) and independent component city (ICC). 3) Within each province/HUC/ICC, the PSUs were further stratified or grouped with respect to some socio-economic variables that were related to poverty incidence. These variables were: (a) the proportion of strongly built houses (PSTRONG); (b) an indication of the proportion of households engaged in agriculture (AGRI); and (c) the per-capita income (PERCAPITA).

Sample Selection

To have some control over the subsample size, the PSUs were selected with probability proportional to some estimated measure of size. The size measure refers to the total number of households from the 2000 CPH. Because of the wide variation in PSU sizes, PSUs with selection probabilities greater than 1 were identified and were included in the sample as certainty selections.

At the second stage, enumeration areas (EAs) were selected within sampled PSUs, and at the third stage, housing units were selected within sampled EAs. Generally, all households in sampled housing units were enumerated, except for few cases when the number of households in a housing unit exceeds three. In which case, a sample of three households in a sampled housing unit was selected at random with equal probability.

An EA is defined as an area with discernable boundaries within barangays, consisting of about 150 contiguous households. These EAs were identified during the 2000 CPH. A housing unit is a structurally separate and independent place of abode which, by the way it has been constructed, converted, or arranged, is intended for habitation by a household

Sample Size

The 2003 Master Sample consist of a sample of 2,835 PSUs of which 330 were certainty PSUs and 2,505 were non certainty PSUs. The number of households for the 2000 CPH was used as measure of size. The entire MS was divided into four sub-samples or independent replicates, such as a quarter sample contains one fourth of the PSUs found in one replicate; a half-sample contains one-half of the PSUs in two replicates. Thus, the survey covers a nationwide sample of about 51,000 households deemed sufficient to measure the levels of employment and unemployment at the national and regional levels.

Strategy for non-response

Replacement of sample households within the sample housing units is allowed only if the listed sample households had moved out of the housing unit. Replacement should be the household currently residing in the sample housing unit previously occupied by the original sample.

Sampling deviation

Starting the July 2003 round of the Labor Force Survey, the generation of the labor force and employment statistics adopted the 2003 Master Sample Design. - Using this new master sample design, the number of samples increased from 41,000 to around 51,000 sample households.

• The province of Basilan is grouped under Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao while Isabela City (Basilan) is now grouped under Region IX. This is to adopt the regional grouping under Executive Order No.36.
• The 1992 four-digit code for Philippine Standard Occupational Classification (PSOC) and 1994 Philippine Standard Industry Classification (PSIC) were used in classifying the occupation and industry.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Abstract

The Integrated Farm Household Survey (IFHS) supported the agricultural Research and Development Program in terms of benchmark data on the characteristics of farms and farmers. The IFHS results provided inputs for the development and/or improvement of the performance indicators system in agriculture. Further, the survey results could quantify the impact of agricultural policies of the government.

The survey gathered household level data on the following; Household Information, Farm Particulars, Inventory of Farm Investments, Household Income, Household Expenditures and Credit Information.

Specifically, the following data are generated: 1. Level, structure and/or sources of farm household income; 2. Characteristics of farms/farm enterprises and the farm households; 3. Access of farm households to agricultural support services; 4. Farm management such as input use and cultivation practices; 5. Expenditure patterns of the farm households; 6. Farm and households investments; and 7. Other socio-economic data.

Geographic coverage

National Coverage.

Analysis unit

Households

Universe

The survey covered farm households with farming/fishing operations.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The IFHS utilized different sampling frames at the barangay and household levels. At the barangay level, the list of agricultural barangays covered in the 1999 Barangay Screening Survey (BSS) served as the sampling frame while at the household level, the listing of households generated from the 2000 Census of Population and Housing (CPH) of the National Statistics Office (NSO) was used as basis for drawing the samples. The 2000 CPH listing was utilized as sampling frame for the IFHS despite the limitation that households were not classified into farming and non-farming categories for two major considerations. First, the 2000 CPH provided the most updated lists of households by barangay. Second, budgetary constraints precluded the conduct of household screening in the selected sample barangays for the survey.

The domain of the survey was the province. A two-stage stratified sampling design was adopted with the barangay as primary sampling unit and the farming household as secondary sampling unit. The number of farming households was used as the stratification variable. Primary and secondary sampling units were both drawn using simple random sampling.

In getting the number of barangays as representative of the domain (province) level, the total number of agricultural barangays in the province reported in the 1999 Barangay Screening Survey (BSS) was used in proportionately allocating the target sample size of around 600 barangays to the Integrated Farm Household Survey (IFHS) provinces. Due to budgetary consideration, the total number of barangays included for small and large agricultural sampling of households with at least one member engaged in agricultural activity. provinces was set at six (6) and nine (9) barangays, respectively, depending on the computed total sample size for the province, that is,

        n' = 6 if n < 6, and
        n' = 9 otherwise.

Ten (10) sample households were allocated for each sample barangay. This procedure resulted in total sample size of 592 barangays and 5,920 households for the entire country.

A general feature of the design was the division of the primary sampling units into strata of approximately equal sizes relative to the number of farming households reported in the 1999 BSS. The division of the barangays within the province and the drawing of sample was done as follows:

The barangays were arrayed in descending order based on the total number of farming households. These barangays were then divided into three (3) strata such that the cumulative total number of farming households of all the barangays in any one stratum was approximately of the same magnitude as the rest of the individual strata. Thus, Stratum 1 barangays constitute all "large barangays", Stratum 2 barangays constitute all "medium barangays", and Stratum 3 barangays constitute all "small barangays"; with respect to total number of farming households.

Equal sample sizes were allocated and drawn from the three strata, resulting in two (2) and three (3) sample barangays, respectively, per stratum depending on the sample size for the province. Selection of sample barangays wss done at the BAS Central Office using simple random sampling. The generated lists of sample barangays were then submitted to NSO for the drawing of sample households and for the photocopying of corresponding barangay maps.

Drawing of sample households was made at the NSO field offices using simple random sampling of households with at least one member engaged in agricultural activity. The generated lists of samples were sent back to BAS Central Office for control and distribution to concerned Provincial Operations Centers (POCs).

Sampling deviation

As in any survey, there were cases wherein samples need to be substituted or replaced. Following were the guidelines in replacing sample barangays and/or households:

Sample Barangays - Only two general reasons were considered valid for substituting barangays: 1. Transportation costs were way above the allocated budget for operations; or 2. Unfavorable peace and order situation in the area.

The list of replacement barangays served as the only source of substitute barangays. It was emphasized that a replacement barangay should be taken only from the list of replacement barangays in the same stratum.

Sample Households - Only the reasons enumerated below are considered valid for replacing households. 1.Household was not a qualified IFHS sample: a. For regions except NCR: Candidate household was not a farming household; b. For NCR: Candidate household was not into agricultural activities, or into agricultural activities but produce was not intended to generate income for the household; c. Conditions (a) and (b) were satisfied but there was no agricultural operation during the reference period (July 2002 to June 2003); 2. Household was a qualified IFHS sample but any of the following situations arose during visit: a. No qualified respondent was available for interview during the entire survey period; b. Qualified respondent refused to be interviewed; c. Interview was terminated;

It was emphasized that reasons for substituting sample households should be validated first by the field supervisor before replacement is allowed. Replacement households should be taken only from the list of replacements for the barangay.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face paper [f2f]

Cleaning operations

Consistencies of data items within and across record types were first verified and checked according to the Data Processing Guidelines of the study. First stage of the editing was done manualy. A second stage consistency check was a component of the Computerized Processing System.

Initial editing of data was done by the Contractual Data Collectors (CDCs) on every filled up questionaire. These questionnaires were turned over to their supervisors for checking. Editing/Checking for consistencies of data items in particular record types and accross record types were done.

Second stage of editing was done at the Central Office. The Data Processing System (DPS) was equipped with a customized editing program to filter out-of-range data items to generate an errorlist. The errorlist is a compilation of errors on specific data item that did not pass the specification. The errorlist list was checked based on the information in the questionnaire. The correction was reflected to the data file using the the CENTRY module of the Integrated Micro-computer Processing System (IMPS).

Response rate

From 5920 sample households, 5448 sample units were successfuly interviewed for a response rate of 92.03%.

As of May 2025, there were about 26,500 barangay or village health stations in the Philippines. In addition, there were more than 6,000 general clinic laboratory and birthing homes combined. Overall, there were more than 42,000 health facilities in the country.

In 2024, there was one active barangay health worker (BHW) for about 95 people in the Philippines. The highest population-to-barangay health worker ratio was in the National Capital Region (NCR) with one active BHW for 763 residents. In contrast, Region 8 has one active BHW catering to 44 residents.

The total current health expenditure in the Philippines reached approximately 1.44 trillion Philippine pesos in 2024, indicating a 19 percent growth from the previous year. The country’s health expenditure has gradually increased since 2014, apart from a slight decline in 2022. Health spending of Filipinos Spending over 12,700 Philippine pesos, every Filipino has seen an upward trend in its per capita spending on health except for 2022. Although the share of household out-of-pocket health payments has gradually declined since 2014, Filipinos still spend a significant amount of money to get medical help and support, especially from hospitals and providers of medical goods. Availability of health facilities  The continued increase in the population density of the Philippines challenges the sufficiency of health facilities that can cater to the needs of its people, especially those that can provide specialized care and services. Out of the nearly 24,000 health centers available in the Philippines in 2024, about 90 percent were barangay health stations. A barangay is a small district in the Philippines that has its own local level of government with about 50 to 100 families. Such facilities provide basic health services including primary health care, first aid, disease diagnosis, and maternal and childcare. However, the range of services available still depends on the equipment and health providers available in the area.

Abstract

The Labor Force Survey is a nationwide survey of households conducted regularly to gather data on the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the population. It is primarily geared towards the estimation of the levels of employment in the country.

The Labor Force Survey aims to provide a quantitative framework for the preparation of plans and formulation of policies affecting the labor market.

Geographic coverage

National coverage, the sample design has been drawn in such a way that accurate lower level classification would be possible. The 74 provinces, 24 cities and eight key municipalities are covered.

Analysis unit

• Person/ individual

Universe

The survey covered all persons 10 years old and over. Persons who reside in institutions are not covered.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sampling design of the Labor Force Survey adopts that of the Integrated Survey of Households (ISH), which uses a stratified two-stage sampling design. It is prepared by the NEDA Technical Committee on Survey Design and first implemented in 1984. It is the same sampling design used in the ISH modules starting in 1986.

The urban and rural areas of each province are the principal domains of the survey. In addition, the urban and rural areas of cities with a population of 150,000 or more as of 1990 are also made domains of the survey with urban and rural dimensions. These include the four cities and five municipalities of Metro Manila (Manila, Quezon City, Pasay and Caloocan; Valenzuela, Paranaque, Pasig, Marikina and Makati), and other key cities such as Baguio, Angeles, Cabanatuan, Olongapo, Batangas, Lipa, Lucena, San Pablo, Bacolod, Iloilo, Cebu, Mandaue, Zamboanga, Butuan, Cagayan de Oro, Davao, General Santos, and Iligan and key municipalities such as San Fernando, Pampanga and Tarlac, Tarlac.

The rest of Metro Manila, i.e., the remaining municipalities are treated as separate domains. In the case of Makati, six exclusive villages are identified and samples are selected using a different scheme. These villages are Forbes Park, Bel-Air, Dasmarinas, San Lorenzo, Urdaneta and Magallanes.

Because of the creation of the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (ARMM), this, defining its areas of coverage, Marawi City and Cotabato Cfity are likewises treated as domains.

Sampling Units and Sampling Frame The primary sampling units (PSUs) under the sample design are the barangays and the households within each sample barangay comprise the secondary sampling units (SSUs). The frame from which the sample barangays are drawn is obtained from the 1990 Census of Population and Housing (CPH). Hence, all the approximately 40,000 barangays covered in the 1990 CPH are part of the primary sampling frame. The sampling frame for the SSUs, that is, the households, is prepared by listing all households in each of the selected sample barangays. The listing operation is conducted regularly in the sample barangays to update the secondary sampling frame from where the sample households are selected.

Sample Size and Sampling Fraction The size of the sample is envisioned to meet the demand for fairly adequate statistics at the domain level. Taking this need into account and considering cost constraints as well, the decision reached is for a national sample of about 26,000 households. In general, the sample design results in self-weighting samples within domains, with a uniform sampling fraction of 1:400 for urban and 1:600 for rural areas. However, special areas are assigned different sampling fractions so as to obtain "adequate" samples for each. Special areas refer to the urban and rural areas of a province or large city which are small relative to their counterparts.

Selection of Samples For the purpose of selecting PSUs, the barangay in each domain are arranged by population size (as of the 1990 Census of Population) in descending order and then grouped into strata of approximately equal sizes. Four independent PSUs are drawn with probability proportional to size with complete replacement.

Secondary sampling units are selected systematiclally with a random start.

Sampling deviation

Replacement of non-responding or transferred sample households is allowed although it is still possible to have non-response cases due to critical peace and order situation or inaccessibility of the selected sample households. If there are unenumerated barangays or sample households, non-response adjustments are utilized.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The items of information presented in the October 1991 Quarterly Labor Force Survey questionnaire were derived from a structured questionnaire covering the demographic and economic characteristics of individuals. The demographic characteristics include age, sex, relationship to household head, marital status, and highest grade completed. The economic characteristics include employment status, occupation, industry, nomal working hours, total hours worked, class of worker, etc.

Cleaning operations

Data processing involves two stages: manual processing and machine processing. Manual processing refers to the manual editing and coding of questionnaires. This was done prior to machine processing which entailed code validation, consistency checks as well as tabulation.

Enumeration is a very complex operation and may happen that accomplished questionnaires may have some omissions and implausible or inconsistent entries. Editing is meant to correct these errors.

For purposes of operational convenience, field editing was done. The interviewers were required to review the entries at the end of each interview. Blank items, which were applicable to the respondents, were verified and filled out. Before being transmitted to the regional office, all questionnaires were edited in the field offices.

Coding, the transformation of information from the questionnaire to machine readable form, was likewise done in the field offices.

Machine processing involved all operations that were done with the use of a computer and/or its accessories, that is, from data encoding to tabulation. Coded data are usually in such media as tapes and diskettes. Machine editing is preferred to ensure correctness of encoded information. Except for sample completeness check and verification of geographic identification which are the responsibility of the subject matter division, some imputations and corrections of entries are done mechanically.

Response rate

The response rate for October 1991 LFS was 99.81 percent. The non-response rate of 0.19 percent was due to crticial peace and order situation or inaccessibility of the selected sample or sample households.

Sampling error estimates

Standard Error (SE) and Coefficient of Variation (CV) for the selected variables of the Labor Force Survey (LFS) for October1991 survey round was computed using the statistical package IMPS. The selected variables referred to include the employment, unemployment and labor force population levels and rates.

A sampling error is usually measured in terms of the standard error for a particular statistic. A standard error is a measure of dispersion of an estimate from the expected value.

The SE can be used to calculate confidence intervals within which the true value for the population can be estimated, while the CV is a measure of relative variability that is commonly used to assess the precision of survey estimates.

The CV is defined as the ratio of the standard error and the estimate. An estimate with CV value of less than 10 percent is considered precise.

Abstract

The Labor Force Survey is a nationwide survey of households conducted regularly to gather data on the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the population. It is primarily geared towards the estimation of the levels of employment in the country.

The Labor Force Survey aims to provide a quantitative framework for the preparation of plans and formulation of policies affecting the labor market. Specifically, the survey is designed to provide statistics on levels and trends of employment, unemployment and underemployment for the Philippines, as a whole and for each of the administrative regions, including provinces and key cities.

Geographic coverage

National coverage, the sample design has been drawn in such a way that accurate lower level classification would be possible. The 73 provinces, 14 cities of the Philippines are covered.

Analysis unit

• Person/ individual

Universe

The survey covered all persons 10 years old and over. Persons who reside in institutions are not covered.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sampling design of the Labor Force Survey adopts that of the Integrated Survey of Households (ISH), which uses a stratified two-stage sampling design. It is prepared by the NEDA Technical Committee on Survey Design and first implemented in 1984. It is the same sampling design used in the ISH modules starting in 1986.

The urban and rural areas of each province are the principal domains of the survey. In addition, the urban and rural areas of cities with a population of 150,000 or more as of 1980 are also made domains of the survey. These cities are the four cities in Metro Manila (Manila, Quezon City, Pasay and Caloocan); and the cities of Angeles, Olongapo,, Bacolod, Iloilo, Cebu, Zamboanga, Butuan, Cagayan de Oro, Davao, and Iligan.

The rest of Metro Manila, i.e., Pasig, Makati and the 11 other municipalities, are treated as three separate domains. In the case of Makati, six exclusive villages are identified and samples are selected using a different scheme. These villages are Forbes Park, Bel-Air, Dasmarinas, San Lorenzo, Urdaneta and Magallanes.

Sampling Units and Sampling Frame The primary sampling units (PSUs) under the sample design are the barangays and the households within each sample barangay comprise the secondary sampling units (SSUs). The frame from which the sample barangays are drawn is obtained from the 1980 Census of Population and Housing (CPH). Hence, all the approximately 40,000 barangays covered in the 1980 CPH are part of the primary sampling frame. The sampling frame for the SSUs, that is, the households, is prepared by listing all households in each of the selected sample barangays. The listing operation is conducted regularly in the sample barangays to update the secondary sampling frame from where the sample households are selected.

Sample Size and Sampling Fraction The size of the sample is envisioned to meet the demand for fairly adequate statistics at the domain level. Taking this need into account and considering cost constraints as well, the decision reached is for a national sample of about 20,000 households. In general, the sample design results in self-weighting samples within domains, with a uniform sampling fraction of 1:400 for urban and 1:600 for rural areas. However, special areas are assigned different sampling fractions so as to obtain "adequate" samples for each. Special areas refer to the urban and rural areas of a province or large city which are small relative to their counterparts.

Selection of Samples For the purpose of selecting PSUs, the barangay in each domain are arranged by population size (as of the 1980 Census of Population) in descending order and then grouped into strata of approximately equal sizes. Four independent PSUs are drawn with probability proportional to size with complete replacement.

Secondary sampling units are selected systematiclally with a random start.

Sampling deviation

Replacement of non-responding or transferred sample households is allowed although it is still possible to have non-response cases due to critical peace and order situation or inaccessibility of the selected sample households. If there are unenumerated barangays or sample households, non-response adjustments are utilized.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The items of information presented in the January 1991 Quarterly Labor Force Survey questionnaire were derived from a structured questionnaire covering the demographic and economic characteristics of individuals. The demographic characteristics include age, sex, relationship to household head, marital status, and highest grade completed. The economic characteristics include employment status, occupation, industry, nomal working hours, total hours worked, class of worker, etc.

Cleaning operations

Data processing involves two stages: manual processing and machine processing. Manual processing refers to the manual editing and coding of questionnaires. This was done prior to machine processing which entailed code validation, consistency checks as well as tabulation.

Enumeration is a very complex operation and may happen that accomplished questionnaires may have some omissions and implausible or inconsistent entries. Editing is meant to correct these errors.

For purposes of operational convenience, field editing was done. The interviewers were required to review the entries at the end of each interview. Blank items, which were applicable to the respondents, were verified and filled out. Before being transmitted to the regional office, all questionnaires were edited in the field offices.

Coding, the transformation of information from the questionnaire to machine readable form, was likewise done in the field offices.

Machine processing involved all operations that were done with the use of a computer and/or its accessories, that is, from data encoding to tabulation. Coded data are usually in such media as tapes and diskettes. Machine editing is preferred to ensure correctness of encoded information. Except for sample completeness check and verification of geographic identification which are the responsibility of the subject matter division, some imputations and corrections of entries are done mechanically.

Response rate

The response rate for January 1991 LFS was 99.91 percent. The non-response rate of 0.09 percent was due to crticial peace and order situation or inaccessibility of the selected sample or sample households.

Sampling error estimates

Standard Error (SE) and Coefficient of Variation (CV) for the selected variables of the Labor Force Survey (LFS) for January 1991 survey round was computed using the statistical package IMPS. The selected variables referred to include the employment, unemployment and labor force population levels and rates.

A sampling error is usually measured in terms of the standard error for a particular statistic. A standard error is a measure of dispersion of an estimate from the expected value.

The SE can be used to calculate confidence intervals within which the true value for the population can be estimated, while the CV is a measure of relative variability that is commonly used to assess the precision of survey estimates.

The CV is defined as the ratio of the standard error and the estimate. An estimate with CV value of less than 10 percent is considered precise.

Abstract

The 1994 Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES) is a nationwide survey of households undertaken by the National Statistics Office (NSO). Similar surveys were conducted in 1956-1957, 1961, 1965, 1971, 1975, 1979, 1985 and 1988. Like the previous surveys, this undertaking aims to accomplish the following primary objectives:

1. to gather data on family income and family living expenditures and related information affecting income and expenditure levels and patterns in the Philippines;

2. to determine the sources of income and income distribution, levels of living and spending patterns, and the degree of inequality among families;

3. to provide benchmark information to update weights for the estimation of consumer price index (CPI)

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

Household Consumption expenditure item Income by source

Universe

The 1994 FIES has as its target population, all households and members of households nationwide. Institutional population is not within the scope of the survey.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sampling design of the 1994 FIES adopts that of the Integrated Survey of Households (ISH), which uses a stratified two-stage cluster sampling design. It is prepared by the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) Technical Committee on Survey Design and first implemented in 1984. It is the same sampling design used in the ISH modules starting in 1986.

The urban and rural areas of each province are the principal domains of the survey. In addition, the urban and rural areas of cities with a population of 150,000 or more as of 1990 are also made domains of the survey with rural and urban dimensions. These include the four cities and five municipalities of Metro Manila (Manila, Quezon City, Pasay and Caloocan; Valenzuela, Parañaque, Pasig, Marikina and Makati), and other key cities such as Baguio, Angeles, Cabanatuan, Olongapo, Batangas, Lipa, Lucena, San Pablo, Bacolod, Iloilo, Cebu, Mandaue, Zamboanga, Butuan, Cagayan de Oro, Davao, General Santos, and Iligan and key municipalities such as San Fernando, Pampanga and Tarlac, Tarlac.

Sampling Units and Sampling Frame The primary sampling units (PSUs) under the sample design are the barangays and the households within each sample barangay comprise the secondary sampling units (SSUs).

The frame from which the sample barangays are drawn is obtained from the 1990 Census of Population and Housing (CPH). Hence, all the approximately 40,000 barangays covered in the 1990 CPH are part of the primary sampling frame.

The sampling frame for the SSUs, that is, the households, is prepared by listing all households in each of the selected sample barangays. The listing operation is conducted regularly in the sample barangays to update the secondary sampling frame from where the sample households are selected.

Sample Size and Sampling Fraction The size of the sample is envisioned to meet the demand for fairly adequate statistics at the domain level. Taking this need into account and considering cost constraints as well, the decision reached is for a national sample of about 26,000 households.

In general, the sample design results in self-weighting samples within domains, with a uniform sampling fraction of 1:400 for urban and 1:600 for rural areas. However, special areas are assigned different sampling fractions so as to obtain "adequate" samples for each. Special areas refer to the urban and rural areas of a province or large city which are small relative to their counterparts.

Selection of Samples For the purpose of selecting PSUs, the barangay in each domain are arranged by population size (as of the 1990 Census of Population) in descending order and then grouped into strata of approximately equal sizes. Four independent PSUs are drawn with probability proportional to size with complete replacement.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The questionnaire has five main parts consisting of the following: Part I. Identification and Other Information (Geographic Identification, Other Information and Particulars about the Family)

Part II. Expenditures and Other Disbursements Section A. Food, Alcoholic Beverages and Tobacco Section B. Fuel, Light and Water, Transportation and Communication, Household Operations Section C. Personal Care and Effects, Clothing Footwear and Other Wear Section D. Education, Recreation, and Medical Care Section E. Furnishings and Equipment Section F. Taxes Section G. Housing, House Maintenance and Minor Repairs Section H. Miscellaneous Expenditures Section I. Other Disbursements

Part III. Income Section A. Salaries and Wages from Employment Section B. Net Share of Crops, Fruits and Vegetables Produced and/or Livestock and Poultry Raised by Other Households Section C. Other Sources of Income Section D. Other Receipts Section F. Family Sustenance Activities

Part IV. Entrepreneurial Activities Section A1. Crop Farming and Gardening Section A2. Livestock and Poultry Raising Section A3. Fishing Section A4. Forestry and Hunting Section A5. Wholesale and Retail Section A6. Manufacturing Section A7. Community, Social, Recreational and Personal Services Section A8. Transportation, Storage and Communication Services Section A9. Mining and Quarrying Section A10. Construction Section A11. Entrepreneurial Activities Not Elsewhere Classified

Part V: Health - Care Section A. Health - care Expenditures Section B. Health Insurance

Cleaning operations

The 1994 FIES questionnaire contains about 800 data items and a guide for comparing income and expenditures and internal consistency.

Upon submission of the data diskettes containing first and second visit data, a summary file was extracted from the entire file through a computer program.

The questionnaires were further subjected to a rigorous manual and machine edit checks for completeness, arithmetic accuracy, range validity and internal consistency. Items failing any of the edit checks were either corrected automatically by the computer on the basis of pre-determined specifications or, when needed, examined in a clerical error-reconciliation operation.

The electronic data-processing (EDP) system developed by the NSO Data Processing Staff and used in the 1985 and 1988 FIES was generally adopted in processing the 1991 FIES with few modifications. There are thirteen (13) major steps in the machine processing of the 1991 FIES and these are as follows: 1. Data entry and verification 2. Structural editing (minor edit) 3. Edit list verification/correction 4. Update 5. Completeness check 6. Completeness check list verification/correction 7. Identification verification 8. Extraction of summary file for preliminary results 9. Matching of visit records (big edit) 10. Internal consistency checks (big edit) 11. Reject lists verification/correction 12. Update 13. Expansion 14. Tabulation 15. Generation of CPI weight tables 16. Variance analysis

Steps 1 to 8 were performed right after each visit while the remaining steps were carried out upon completion of the data collection for the first and second visits. Steps 1 to 7 were implemented at the regional offices. In addition, except for NCR, Region 3, 6, 7 and the province of Basilan, Sulu, Tawi-tawi and Zamboanga City which were handled by the Central Office. Steps 10 and 11 were likewise undertaken in the regional offices. The first passes of reject listings were sent to the regional offices for verification and correction/updates are sent back to the Central Office for data file updating. Meanwhile, steps 8, 9 and all the concluding steps were handles by the Central Office.

For data entry, IMPS (Integrated Microcomputer Processing System) was used.

Response rate

The response rate is the ratio of the total responding households to the total number of eligible households. Eligible households include households who were completely interviewed, refused to be interviewed or were temporarily away or not at home or on vacation during the survey period.

Sampling error estimates

As in all surveys, two types of non-response were encountered in the 1994 FIES: interview non-response and item non-response. Interview non-response refers to a sample household that could not be interviewed. Since the survey requires that the sample households be interviewed in both visits, households that transferred to another dwelling unit, temporarily away, on vacation, not at home, household unit demolished, destroyed by fire/typhoon and refusal to be interviewed in the second visit contributed to the number of interview non-response cases.

Item non-response, or the failure to obtain responses to particular survey items, resulted from factors such as respondents being unaware of the answer to a particular question, unwilling to provide the requested information or ENs' omission of questions during the interview. Deterministic imputation was done to address item nonresponse. This imputation is a process in which proper entry for a particular missing item was deduced from other items of the questionnaire where the non-response item was observed. Notes and remarks indicated in the questionnaire were likewise used as basis for imputation.

Abstract

The 2000 Family Income and Expenditute Survey had the following objectives:

1.to gather data on family income and family living expenditures and related information affecting income and expenditure levels and patterns in the Philippines;

1. t o determine the sources of income and income distribution, levels of living and spending patterns, and the degree of inequality among families;

2. to provide benchmark information to update weights in the estimation of consumer price index (CPI); and

3. to provide inputs in the estimation of the country's poverty threshold and incidence.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

Household Consumption expenditure item Income by source

Universe

The 2000 FIES has as its target population, all households and members of households nationwide. Institutional population is not within the scope of the survey.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sampling design of the 2000 FIES adopted that of the Integrated Survey of Households (ISH). Starting July 1996, the sampling design of the ISH uses the new master sample design. The multi-stage sampling design of the master sample consists of 3,416 sample barangays in the expanded sample for provincial level estimates with a sub-sample of 2,247 Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) designated as core master sample for regional level estimates. The 2000 FIES was based on the expanded sample.

1. Domains: The domains for the new master sample are similar to that of the previous ISH design with an addition of 23 newly created domains. The urban and rural areas of cities and municipalities with a population of 150,000 or more are considered as separate domains. The other urban and rural areas in each of the 77 provinces are likewise treated as separate domains. In view of the creation of ARMM and the separation of Marawi City and Cotabato City from Lanao del Sur and Maguindanao, respectively, the urban and rural areas of the two cities also form separate domains.

2. Sampling Units: The multi-stage sampling design of the master sample involves the selection of the sample barangays for the first stage, selection of sample enumeration areas for the second stage, and the selection of sample households for the third stage in each stratum for every domain.

The frame for the first and second stages of sample selection was based mainly on the results of the 1995 Census of Population (POPCEN). The 1995 POPCEN list of barangays with the household and population counts is used in the first stage of sample selection. The stratification of barangays included in the frame, however, are based on the 1990 Census of Population and Housing (CPH) and other administrative reports from field offices of the NSO. An enumeration area (EA) is a physical delineated portion of the barangay. For barangays that were not divided into EAs, the barangay was treated as an EA.

The enumeration areas which constitute the secondary stage sampling units are those that were formed during the 1995 POPCEN. The sample barangays were selected systematically with probability proportional to size from the list of barangays that were implicitly stratified.

Isolated barangays and/or barangays that are difficult and expensive to reach are excluded from the sampling frame. However, critical areas or barangays with peace and order problem, which is generally temporary in nature, are included in the frame.

The frame for the third stage of sample selection is the list of the households from the 1995 POPCEN. The selection of sample household for the third stage was done systematically from the 1995 POPCEN List of the Households.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The questionnaire has four main parts consisting of the following: Part I. Identification and Other Information (Geographic Identification, Other Information and Particulars about the Family)

Part II. Expenditures Section A. Food, Alcoholic Beverages and Tobacco Section B. Fuel, Light and Water, Transportation and Communication, Household Operations Section C. Personal Care and Effects, Clothing Footwear and Other Wear Section D. Education, Recreation, and Medical Care Section E. Furnishings and Equipment Section F. Taxes Section G. Housing, House Maintenance and Minor Repairs Section H. Miscellaneous Expenditures Section I. Other Disbursements

Part III. Income Section A. Salaries and Wages from Employment Section B. Net Share of Crops, Fruits and Vegetables Produced and/or Livestock and Poultry Raised by Other Households Section C. Other Sources of Income Section D. Other Receipts Section F. Family Sustenance Activities

Part IV. Entrepreneurial Activities Section A1. Crop Farming and Gardening Section A2. Livestock and Poultry Section A3. Fishing Section A4. Forestry and hunting Section A5. Wholesale and Retail Section A6. Manufacturing Section A7. Community, Social, Recreational and Personal Services Section A8. Transportation, Storage and Communication Services Section A9. Mining and Quarrying Section A10. Construction Section A11. Entrepreneurial Activities Not Elsewhere Classified

A guide for comparing disbursements against receipts is found on the last page.

The general design of the questionnaire also includes codes inside the box usually located at the top of the framed questions. These codes are for automatic data processing purposes. Ignore them during the interview process. Take note that the paging of the questionnaire is located outside the frame on each page.

Cleaning operations

The 2000 FIES questionnaire contains about 800 data items and a summary for comparing income and expenditures. The questionnaires were subjected to a rigorous manual and machine edit checks for completeness, arithmetic accuracy, range validity and internal consistency.

The major steps in the machine processing are as follows: 1. Data entry 2. Structural, Range Edit and Consistency Edit (Minor Edit) 3. Completeness Check 4. Matching of visit records 5. Generation of the Binary file 6. Consistency and Macro Edit (Big Edit) 7. Expansion 8. Tabulation 9. Generation of CPI 10. Variance Analysis 11. Generation of the Public Use File (PUF)

Steps 1 to 3 were done right after each visit. The remaining steps were carried out only after the second visit had been completed.

Steps 1 to 6 were done at the Regional Office where Steps 4-6 were accomplished only after finishing the second visit. Steps 7 to 11 were completed in the Central Office.

After completing Steps 1 to 6, data files were transmitted to the Central Office where a summary file was generated. The summary file was used to produce the consistency tables as well as the preliminary and textual tables.

Where the generated tables showed inconsistencies, selected data items were subjected to further scrutiny and validation. The cycle of generation of consistency tables and data validation were done until questionable data items were verified.

Innovations for the 2000 FIES machine processing were carried out by the Information Technology System and Research Division of the NSO by introducing the FIES Integrated Processing System (FIPS). This is a Windows application system which facilitated data encoding, completeness and validity check.

The 2000 FIES machine processing was further enhanced using an interactive Windows-based system named FAME (FIES computer-Aided Consistency and Macro Editing). The interactive module of FAME enabled the following activities to be done simultaneously: a) Matching of visit records b) Generation of Binary files c) Consistency and Macro Edit (Big Edit) d) Range Check

The improved system minimized processing time as well as minimized, if not eliminated the need for paper to generate the reject listing.

Response rate

The response rate for the 2000 FIES is 96.6%

Abstract

The Labor Force Survey (LFS) aims to provide a quantitative framework for the preparation of plans and formulation of policies affecting the labor market. Specifically, the survey is designed to provide statistics on levels and trends of employment, unemployment and underemployment for the country, as a whole, and for each of the administrative regions, including provinces and key cities.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

Individuals

Universe

Individuals 15 years and over.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sampling design of the Labor Force Survey (LFS) uses the sampling design of the 2003 Master Sample (MS) for Household Surveys that started July 2003.

Sampling Frame

As in most household surveys, the 2003 MS used an area sample design. The Enumeration Area Reference File (EARF) of the 2000 Census of Population and Housing (CPH) was utilized as sampling frame. The EARF contains the number of households by enumeration area (EA) in each barangay. This frame was used to form the primary sampling units (PSUs). With consideration of the period for which the 2003 MS will be in use, the PSUs were formed/defined as a barangay or a combination of barangays with at least 500 households.

Stratification Scheme

Startification involves the division of the entire population into non-overlapping subgroups called starta. Prior to sample selection, the PSUs in each domain were stratified as follows: 1) All large PSUs were treated as separate strata and were referred to as certainty selections (self-representing PSUs). A PSU was considered large if it has a large probability of selection. 2) All other PSUs were then stratified by province, highly urbanized city (HUC) and independent component city (ICC). 3) Within each province/HUC/ICC, the PSUs were further stratified or grouped with respect to some socio-economic variables that were related to poverty incidence. These variables were: (a) the proportion of strongly built houses (PSTRONG); (b) an indication of the proportion of households engaged in agriculture (AGRI); and (c) the per-capita income (PERCAPITA).

Sample Selection

To have some control over the subsample size, the PSUs were selected with probability proportional to some estimated measure of size. The size measure refers to the total number of households from the 2000 CPH. Because of the wide variation in PSU sizes, PSUs with selection probabilities greater than 1 were identified and were included in the sample as certainty selections.

At the second stage, enumeration areas (EAs) were selected within sampled PSUs, and at the third stage, housing units were selected within sampled EAs. Generally, all households in sampled housing units were enumerated, except for few cases when the number of households in a housing unit exceeds three. In which case, a sample of three households in a sampled housing unit was selected at random with equal probability.

An EA is defined as an area with discernable boundaries within barangays, consisting of about 150 contiguous households. These EAs were identified during the 2000 CPH. A housing unit is a structurally separate and independent place of abode which, by the way it has been constructed, converted, or arranged, is intended for habitation by a household

Sample Size

The 2003 Master Sample consist of a sample of 2,835 PSUs of which 330 were certainty PSUs and 2,505 were non certainty PSUs. The number of households for the 2000 CPH was used as measure of size. The entire MS was divided into four sub-samples or independent replicates, such as a quarter sample contains one fourth of the PSUs found in one replicate; a half-sample contains one-half of the PSUs in two replicates. Thus, the survey covers a nationwide sample of about 51,000 households deemed sufficient to measure the levels of employment and unemployment at the national and regional levels.

Strategy for non-response

Replacement of sample households within the sample housing units is allowed only if the listed sample households had moved out of the housing unit. Replacement should be the household currently residing in the sample housing unit previously occupied by the original sample.

Sampling deviation

Starting the July 2003 round of the Labor Force Survey, the generation of the labor force and employment statistics adopted the 2003 Master Sample Design. - Using this new master sample design, the number of samples increased from 41,000 to around 51,000 sample households.

• The province of Basilan is grouped under Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao while Isabela City (Basilan) is now grouped under Region IX. This is to adopt the regional grouping under Executive Order No.36.
• The 1992 four-digit code for Philippine Standard Occupational Classification (PSOC) and 1994 Philippine Standard Industry Classification (PSIC) were used in classifying the occupation and industry.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Abstract

The Corn Production Survey 2009 (CPS 2009) was a quarterly survey conducted by the Bureau of Agricultural Statistics (BAS). It aimed to generate estimates on corn production, area and yield and other related information. It was conducted in four rounds, namely, April 2009, July 2009, October 2009 and January 2010. Each round generated estimates for the immediate past quarter and forecast for the next two quarters. Results of the survey served as inputs to planners and policy makers on matters concerning the corn industry.

Geographic coverage

National - January, April and October 2009 Rounds: 80 provinces (excluding Batanes) in 16 regions (except National Capital Region) - January 2010 Round: additional one province (Dinagat Islands)

Analysis unit

Farming households; Corn areas operated by farming households

Universe

All farming households

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sampling procedure used in the Corn Production Survey 2009 (CPS 2009) was first implemented in 1994. This was a replicated two-stage stratified sampling design with province as the domain, barangay as the primary sampling unit (PSU) and farming household as the secondary sampling unit (SSU).

The results of the 1991 Census of Agriculture and Fisheries (CAF 1991) served as the basis of sampling frame at the PSU and SSU levels. In the said census, the largest barangay in a municipality was taken with certainty while a 50 percent sampling rate was used for selecting the remaining barangays in the municipality. This scheme effectively resulted in the generation of two sub universes: a sub universe of barangays with probability of selection equal to one (these barangas were called 'certainty barangays') and another sub universe of barangays with probability of selection equal to 0.5. This characteristic of the CAF 1991 data was used in the selection of sample barangays for the CPS.

The barangays were arrayed in ascending order based on corn area then stratified such that the aggregate corn area of the barangays belonging to one stratum is more or less equal to the aggregate corn area of the barangays in any other stratum. Ten (10) strata were formed for major corn producing provinces and five for minor producing provinces. In all these provinces, the last stratum consisted of the certainty barangays per CAF 1991 design.

For each stratum, four (4) sample barangays were drawn independently using probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling with the barangay's corn area as size measure. This resulted in four (4) independent sets of barangays (i.e., four (4) replicates) for the province. Systematic sampling was used in drawing the sample faming households in each sample barangay.

For economic reasons, sample size per barangay was limited to a minimum of four (4) and a maximum of 25. To correct for this limitation of the design, the use of household weights was instituted. A detailed discussion of weighting in the CPS was included in the survey's estimation procedure attached as an external resource.

In November 2007, an updating of the list of farming households in all corn sample barangays nationwide was done to address the problem of non response due to transfer of residence, stoppage of farm operation, passing away of operator etc. Consequently, a new set of sample households was drawn.

The following sample sizes were used in CPS 2009: - April 2009 Round: 935 barangays and 7,841 households - July 2009 Round: 1020 barangays and 8,449 households - October 2009 Round: 935 barangays and 7,833 households - January 2010 Round: 1,020 barangays and 8,457 households.

Less elements were sampled in April and October 2009 Rounds since less number of replicates were covered in minor-producing provinces during these periods.

Absent respondents such as refusals, unknown and those who transferred to another barangay were replaced at the Central Office for the next quarter's survey while not-at-home (temporarily away) cases were still included in the list of samples for the succeeding round.. The replacement households were taken from the list of replacements (farming households) for the barangay and were reflected in the list of samples for the next round.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The Corn Production Survey (CPS) 2009 questionnaire was a structured questionnaire that can accommodate data for five sample households. It evolved from modifications of the 2007 questionnaire based on the emerging data needs of the Corn Program.

The new questionnaire was implemented in January 2008 Round with the following features: more detailed sample status categories, items on production and area by seed type, additional items on organic fertilizer and pesticides usage, corn disposition and utilization and awareness and availment of Ginintuang Masaganang Ani Corn (GMA-Corn) Program benefits and services.

After the January 2008 survey, the questionnaire underwent further changes in the questionnaires used in the April and July 2008 Rounds. Modifications on sample status categories and other terms and concepts used were made. Also, a re-arrangement of some items in Section C1 was done to effect better interview results. These revisions were implemented in April 2008 Round. To better guide the interviewer in filling up the questionnaire, another revision was incorporated in the July 2008 Round questionnaire. The column “type of corn” was inserted after the screening question in Block C. The intent was to fix information on white corn on the first sub-row and the data on yellow corn on the second sub-row for each sample household. This has been the last major revision made in the CPS questionnaire until 2009.

The different blocks of the CPS 2009 questionnaire were as follows:

Block A - Sample Identification. This block contained information on the geographic and other identification of the sample barangay, the original household weight and questionnaire sequence number.

Block B - Sample Particulars. This block contained answer spaces on identification specific to the sample household such as household code, name of agricultural operator. It also contained spaces where information on the result of visit (or sample status), as well as the names and classification of the respondent or informant were indicated. Lastly, Block B included items on total farm area operated as well as the total area devoted to corn.

Block C - Information on Corn Harvested. This block dealt with important details about the sample household's harvest during the past quarter. The first few items of Block C included a screening question on whether the sample household harvested corn or not during the past quarter, the type of corn harvested and some questions on irrigation. The other items of Block C were grouped under two sections, namely: Sections C1 and C2.

Section C1 (Corn Area, Production and Seed Information) covered items on the month, area and volume harvested during the past quarter as well as details on plantings made on the harvested crop like seed usage, variety characteristics, etc.

Section C2 (Fertilizer and Pesticides Information). The first set of items contained in Section C2 concerned about usage of yield-enhancing inputs or fertilizers, specifically, area applied, as well as the grade and quantity or organic and inorganic inputs used. Another set of items covered in Section C2 included pesticide-applied area and quantity of pesticides or yield protecting inputs applied by type.

Block D - Corn Utilization and Disposition. Block D dealt with the utilization and disposition of the sample household's previous quarter harvest. Following were the disposition items by type of corn (white and yellow) and product form (shelled corn, matured corn and green corn): sold, for home consumption, landowner's share, given/paid to farm labourers, for seeds, used as payment of loan, irrigation fee, for feeds and wastage/losses

Block E - Corn Production Forecast. This block featured items similar to Section C1 of Block C, except that the main focus in the latter was on the sample household's expected production based on standing crop on the farm as of the end of the previous quarter. This block was intended to provide forecast for the current quarter.

Block F - Corn Planting Intention. This block covered items related to the intent of the sample household to plant corn during the current quarter. It was designed to provide forecast for next quarter's harvests..

Block G - Assessment of the Farm's Corn Production. This block aimed to gather the respondent's perception on how the past quarter's production compared with production during the same quarter of the previous year, and the corresponding reason/s for significant changes observed.

Block H - Farmers' Participation in the Ginintuang Masaganang Ani Program (GMA-Corn). The purpose of this block was to gather indication on farmers' awareness or the GMA-Corn Program of the government, the proportion of those who availed of program benefits and specific benefits received.

Block I- Data Collector, Supervisor, PASO and Encoder Identification. This portion was reserved for the names of the survey enumerator, field supervisor (including the PSO) and data encoder, as well as the dates they accomplished their assigned tasks.

The instructions in filling up the CPS January and April 2008 Round questionnaires are provided in the Technical Documents. The CPS July 2009 Round questionnaire is also provided and represents questionnaires used in the four survey rounds of 2009.

Cleaning operations

Data

Abstract

The Survey on Overseas Filipinos (SOF) was conducted as a rider to the October 2008 Labor Force Survey (LFS).

The survey was designed to gather national estimates on the number of overseas workers, their socio economic characteristics and other information pertaining to the overseas workers who worked or have worked abroad from April to September 2008. The remittances of the Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) in cash or in kind were also accounted for the specified reference period. The SOF data are useful inputs to government planners, migrant advocates, researchers, academes, concerned citizens, and other data users to the formulation of policies and programs for the welfare of the overseas Filipino.

Geographic coverage

The geographic coverage consists of the country's 17 administrative regions defined in Executive Order (EO) 36 and 131. The 17 regions are:

National Capital Region (NCR) Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) Region I - Ilocos Region Region II - Cagayan Valley Region III - Central Luzon Region IV-A - CALABARZON Region IV-B - MIMAROPA Region V - Bicol Region Region VI - Western Visayas Region VII - Central Visayas Region VIII - Eastern Visayas Region IX - Zamboanga Peninsula Region X - Northern Mindanao Region XI - Davao Region Region XII - SOCCSKSARGEN Caraga Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM)

Analysis unit

Individuals

Universe

Overseas Filipinos whose departure occured within the last five years and who are working or had worked abroad during the past six months (April to September) of the survey period.

For purposes of this survey, overseas workers are the following:

Filipino overseas contract workers (OCW) who are presently and temporarily out of the country to fulfill an overseas work contract for a specific length of time or who are presently at home on vacation but still has an existing contract to work abroad. They may be landbased or seabased.

Landbased workers ? these are overseas contract workers who are hired either by direct hiring of an employer abroad; or through the assistance of Philippine Overseas Employment Administration (POEA); or through a private and licensed recruitment agency. They may have returned to the Philippines for a vacation (annual or emergency leave), or have transferred to other employers, or were rehired by their former employer.

Seabased workers ? these are overseas contract workers who worked or are working in any kind of international fishing/passenger/cargo vessels. Included also are OCWs who worked or are working for a shipping company abroad.

Other Filipino workers abroad with a valid working visa or work permits. Included also are crew members of airplanes such as pilots, stewards, stewardesses, etc. example: Filipinos working in countries such as U.S., Taiwan, Saipan, etc. with a working visa.

Filipinos abroad who are holders of other types of non-immigrant visa such as tourist/visitor, student, medical and others but are presently employed and working full time.

Persons not considered as overseas workers are:

Filipinos whose place of employment is outside the Philippines but whose employer is the Philippine government. Examples are Filipinos who worked or are working in Philippine embassies, missions and consulates abroad.

Filipinos who are sent abroad by the Philippine government or by private institutes for training, scholarship or any other similar purpose, even if they are known to be working abroad. Note that students who are sent abroad by private individual who are working or had worked there are excluded in this category.

Filipinos working in other countries who are hired as consultants/advisers of International organization such as the United Nations International Monetary Fund, etc.

Immigrants to other countries even though they are working abroad.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The Survey on Overseas Filipinos, as a rider to the Labor Force Survey (LFS), used the sampling design of the 2003 Master Sample (MS) for Household Surveys starting July 2003. The design of the Master Sample is described below:

1. Domain The 2003 MS considers the country's 17 administrative regions as its sampling domain. A domain is referred to as a subdivision of the country in which estimates with adequate level of precision is generated. It must be noted that while there is demand for data at the provincial level (and to some extent municipal and barangay levels), these were not treated as domain because of its large number (more than 80) and the large resource requirement it would entail.

2. Sampling Frame As in most household surveys, the 2003 MS made use of an area sample design. For this purpose, the Enumeration Area Reference File (EARF) of the 2000 Census of Population and Housing (CPH) was utilized as sampling frame. The EARF contains the number of households by enumeration area (EA) in each barangay.

This frame was used to form the primary sampling units (PSUs). With consideration of the period for which the 2003 MS will be in use, the PSUs were formed/defined as a barangay or a combination of barangays with at least 500 households.

1. Sample Size The 2003 MS consists of a sample of 2,835 PSUs of which 330 were certainty PSUs and 2,505 were non-certainty PSUs. The entire MS was divided into four sub-samples or independent replicates, such as a quarter sample contains one fourth of the PSUs found in one replicate; a half sample contains one-half of the PSUs in two replicates. The SOF as a rider to the LFS utilizes the full sample.

2. Stratification The 2003 MS considers the 17 regions of the country as the primary strata. Within each region, further stratification was performed using geographic groupings such as provinces, highly urbanized cities (HUCs), and independent component cities (ICCs). Within each of these substrata formed within regions, the PSUs were further stratified, to the extent possible, using the proportion of strong houses (PSTRONG), indicator of engagement in agriculture of the area (AGRI), and a measure of per capita income as stratification factors (PERCAPITA).

PSTRONG is defined to be the percentage of occupied housing units that are classified as made of strong materials in terms of both the roof and outer walls, based on the data from the 2000 CPH. A roof is considered made of strong material if it is made of either galvanized iron, aluminum, concrete/clay tile, half galvanized-half concrete, or asbestos. The outer wall is considered made of strong material if it is made of concrete, brick, stone, wood, half concrete-half wood, galvanized iron, asbestos or glass.

AGRI was determined in the following way: initially, an indicator variable was computed at the barangay level. That variable has the value 1 if more than 50 percent of the households in the barangay were engaged in agriculture or fisheries and 0 otherwise, based on the 2000 CPH Barangay Schedule. To obtain a measure at the PSU level, a weighted average of the barangay indicator variable was computed for all the barangays within the PSU, weighted by the total number of households in the barangay. Thus, the value of AGRI at the PSU level lies between 0 and 1.

PERCAPITA is defined as the total income of the municipality divided by the total population in that municipality. Note that the PERCAPITA value of the PSUs is the same if the PSUs are in the same municipality. The data on municipal income refer to year 2000 and were taken from the Department of Finance. However, if the 2000 municipal income was not reported to the Bureau of Local Government Finance (BLGF), 2001 income was used. If no 2000 or 2001 municipal income was reported, the income classification from the BLGF for this municipality was obtained. Using the data on income, which are presented in income intervals, the average of the lower and the upper values of the income interval for the municipal class to which this municipality belongs were determined.

1. Sample Selection

The 2003 MS consists of a sample of 2,835 PSUs. The entire MS was divided into four sub-samples or independent replicates, such as a quarter sample contains one fourth of the total PSUs; a half sample contains one-half of the four subsamples or equivalent to all PSUs in two replicates.

The final number of sample PSUs for each domain was determined by first classifying PSUs as either self-representing (SR) or non-self-representing (NSR). In addition, to facilitate the selection of subsamples, the total number of NSR PSUs in each region was adjusted to make it a multiple of 4.

SR PSUs refers to a very large PSU in the region/domain with a selection probability of approximately 1 or higher and is outright included in the MS; it is properly treated as a stratum; also known as certainty PSU. NSR PSUs refers to a regular too small sized PSU in a region/domain; also known as non certainty PSU. The 2003 MS consists of 330 certainty PSUs and 2,505 non-certainty PSUs.

To have some control over the sub-sample size, the PSUs were selected with probability proportional to some estimated measure of size. The size measure refers to the total number of households from the 2000 CPH. Because of the wide variation in PSU sizes, PSUs with selection probabilities greater than 1 were identified and were included in the sample as certainty selections.

At the second stage, enumeration areas (EAs) were selected within sampled PSUs, and at the third stage, housing units were selected within sampled EAs. Generally, all households in sampled housing units were enumerated, except for few cases when the number of households in a housing unit exceeds three. In which case, a sample of three households in a sampled housing unit was selected at random with equal