About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the Belfast population distribution across 18 age groups. It lists the population in each age group along with the percentage population relative of the total population for Belfast. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population distribution of Belfast by age. For example, using this dataset, we can identify the largest age group in Belfast.

Key observations

The largest age group in Belfast, ME was for the group of age 65 to 69 years years with a population of 973 (13.93%), according to the ACS 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates. At the same time, the smallest age group in Belfast, ME was the 85 years and over years with a population of 145 (2.08%). Source: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates

Age groups:

• Under 5 years
• 5 to 9 years
• 10 to 14 years
• 15 to 19 years
• 20 to 24 years
• 25 to 29 years
• 30 to 34 years
• 35 to 39 years
• 40 to 44 years
• 45 to 49 years
• 50 to 54 years
• 55 to 59 years
• 60 to 64 years
• 65 to 69 years
• 70 to 74 years
• 75 to 79 years
• 80 to 84 years
• 85 years and over

Variables / Data Columns

• Age Group: This column displays the age group in consideration
• Population: The population for the specific age group in the Belfast is shown in this column.
• % of Total Population: This column displays the population of each age group as a proportion of Belfast total population. Please note that the sum of all percentages may not equal one due to rounding of values.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Belfast Population by Age. You can refer the same here

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the population of Belfast town by gender, including both male and female populations. This dataset can be utilized to understand the population distribution of Belfast town across both sexes and to determine which sex constitutes the majority.

Key observations

There is a slight majority of female population, with 50.22% of total population being female. Source: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

Scope of gender :

Please note that American Community Survey asks a question about the respondents current sex, but not about gender, sexual orientation, or sex at birth. The question is intended to capture data for biological sex, not gender. Respondents are supposed to respond with the answer as either of Male or Female. Our research and this dataset mirrors the data reported as Male and Female for gender distribution analysis. No further analysis is done on the data reported from the Census Bureau.

Variables / Data Columns

• Gender: This column displays the Gender (Male / Female)
• Population: The population of the gender in the Belfast town is shown in this column.
• % of Total Population: This column displays the percentage distribution of each gender as a proportion of Belfast town total population. Please note that the sum of all percentages may not equal one due to rounding of values.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Belfast town Population by Race & Ethnicity. You can refer the same here

These statistics contain the first phase of main statistics results from Census 2021. This phase provides estimates for a number of census topics, including passports held, ethnic group, national identity, language, and religion.

Data are available for Northern Ireland and the 11 Local Government Districts.

This table provides Census 2021 estimates that classify people by National identity (8 categories) by Religion or religion brought up in for Northern Ireland. The table contains 32 counts.

The census collected information on the usually resident population of Northern Ireland on census day (21 March 2021). Initial contact letters or questionnaire packs were delivered to every household and communal establishment, and residents were asked to complete online or return the questionnaire with information as correct on census day. Special arrangements were made to enumerate special groups such as students, members of the Travellers Community, HM Forces personnel etc. The Census Coverage Survey (an independent doorstep survey) followed between 12 May and 29 June 2021 and was used to adjust the census counts for under-enumeration.

'Religion' indicates religion, religious denomination or body. 'Catholic' includes those who gave their current religion as Catholic or Roman Catholic.

Quality assurance report can be found here

The 2021 Northern Ireland Census marked the first time since records began where the Catholic share of the population was larger than the combined Protestant share. In 2021, over 42 percent of the population classified themselves as Catholic or from a Catholic background, in comparison with 37 percent classified as Protestant or from a Protestant background. Additionally, the share of the population with no religion (or those who did not answer) was 19 percent; larger than any individual Protestant denomination. This marks a significant shift in demographic and societal trends over the past century, as Protestants outnumbered Catholics by roughly 2:1 when Northern Ireland was established in the 1920s. Given the Catholic community's historic tendency to be in favor of a united Ireland, many look to the changing religious composition of the population when assessing the potential for Irish reunification. Religion's historical influence A major development in the history of British rule in ireland was the Plantation of Ulster in the 1600s, where much of the land in the north (historically the most rebellious region) was seized from Irish Catholics and given to Protestant settlers from Britain (predominantly Scots). This helped establish Protestant dominance in the north, created a large section of the population loyal to the British crown, and saw a distinct Ulster-Scots identity develop over time. In the 1920s, the republican movement won independence for 26 of Ireland's 32 counties, however, the six counties in Ulster with the largest Protestant populations remained part of the UK, as Northern Ireland. Following partition, structural inequalities between Northern Ireland's Protestant and Catholic communities meant that the Protestant population was generally wealthier, better educated, more politically empowered, and had better access to housing, among other advantages. In the 1960s, a civil rights movement then emerged for equal rights and status for both sides of the population, but this quickly turned violent and escalated into a the three-decade long conflict now known as the Troubles.

The Troubles was largely fought between nationalist/republican paramilitaries (mostly Catholic), unionist/loyalist paramilitaries (mostly Protestant), and British security forces (including the police). This is often described as a religious conflict, however it is more accurately described as an ethnic and political conflict, where the Catholic community generally favored Northern Ireland's reunification with the rest of the island, while the Protestant community wished to remain in the UK. Paramilitaries had a large amount of support from their respective communities in the early years of the Troubles, but this waned as the conflict progressed into the 1980s and 1990s. Demographic and societal trends influenced the religious composition of Northern Ireland's population in these decades, as the Catholic community had higher fertility rates than Protestant communities, while the growing secularism has coincided with a decline in those identifying as Protestant - the dip in those identifying as Catholic in the 1970s and 1980s was due to a protest and boycott of the Census. The Troubles came to an end in 1998, and divisions between both sides of the community have drastically fallen, although they have not disappeared completely.

This dataset provides Census 2021 estimates that classify households in Northern Ireland by the diversity in ethnic group of household members in different relationships. The estimates are as at census day, 21 March 2021.

The census collected information on the usually resident population of Northern Ireland on census day (21 March 2021). Initial contact letters or questionnaire packs were delivered to every household and communal establishment, and residents were asked to complete online or return the questionnaire with information as correct on census day. Special arrangements were made to enumerate special groups such as students, members of the Travellers Community, HM Forces personnel etc. The Census Coverage Survey (an independent doorstep survey) followed between 12 May and 29 June 2021 and was used to adjust the census counts for under-enumeration.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.

The UK censuses took place on 21st April 1991. They were run by the Census Office for Northern Ireland, General Register Office for Scotland, and the Office of Population and Surveys for both England and Wales. The UK comprises the countries of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.

Statistics from the UK censuses help paint a picture of the nation and how we live. They provide a detailed snapshot of the population and its characteristics, and underpin funding allocation to provide public services.

The aggregate data produced as outputs from censuses in Northern Ireland provide information on a wide range of demographic and socio-economic characteristics. They are predominantly a collection of aggregated or summary counts of the numbers of people or households resident in specific geographical areas possessing particular characteristics.

Small Area Statistics for Northern Ireland have been made available as a result of a collaborative project between the Census Office for Northern Ireland, ESRC and Queen's University, Belfast. The Small Area Statistics (SAS) for Northern Ireland are the principal digital output from the 1991 Northern Ireland Census. They are broadly similar in structure to the 1991 Great Britain Census. They constitute the most detailed resource of 100 per cent sample socio-demographic data in Northern Ireland, with all variables available at a high level of spatial resolution (Enumeration District).

Data can be accessed through CKAN (to bulk download data).





Main Topics:

Population bases

Age and marital status

Communal establishments

Medical and care establishments

Hotels and other establishments

Ethnic group

Country of birth

Economic position

Economic position and ethnic group

Term-time address

Persons present

Long-term illness in households

Long-term illness in communal establishments

Long-term illness and economic position

Migrants

Wholly moving households

Ethnic group of migrants

Imputed residents

Imputed households

Tenure and amenities

Car availability

Rooms and household size

Persons per room

Residents 18 and over

Visitor households

Students in households

Households: 1971/'81/'91 bases

Dependants in households

Dependants and long-term illness

Carers

Dependent children in households

Households with children aged 0 - 15

Women in couples: economic position

Economic position of household residents

Age & marital status of household residents

Earners and dependent children

Young adults

Single years of age

Headship

Lone 'parents'

Shared accommodation

Household composition and housing

Household composition and ethnic group

Household composition and long-term illness

Migrant household heads

Households with dependent children; housing

Households with pensioners; housing

Households with dependants; housing

Ethnic group; housing

Country of birth; hold heads and residents

Country of birth and ethnic group

Language indicators

Lifestages

Occupancy (Occupied; vacant; other accommodation)

Household spaces and occupancy

Household space type and occupancy

Household space type; rooms and household size

Household space type; tenure and amenities

Household space type; hold composition

Dwellings and household spaces

Dwelling type and occupancy

Occupancy and tenure of dwellings

Dwelling type and tenure

Tenure of dwellings and household spaces

Occupancy of dwellings and household spaces

Shared dwellings

Welsh Language (Wales only)/Gaelic Language (Scotland only)

Floor level of accommodation

Occupancy norm : households

Occupancy norm : residents

Comparison of 100% and 10% counts

Economic and employment status (10% Sample)

Industry (10% Sample)

Occupation (10% Sample)

Hours worked (10% Sample)

Occupation and Industry (10% Sample)

Industry and hours worked (10% Sample)

Occupation and hours worked (10% Sample)

Industry and employment status (10% Sample)

Working parents; hours worked (10% Sample)

Occupation and employment status (10% Sample)

Travel to work and SEG (10% Sample)

Travel to work and car availability (10% Sample)

Qualified manpower (10% Sample)

Ethnic group of qualified manpower (10% Sample)

SEG of households and families (10% Sample)

Family type and tenure (10% Sample)

Concealed families (10% Sample)

Family composition (10% Sample)

Social class of households (10% Sample)

Social class and economic position...

These statistics contain the first phase of main statistics results from Census 2021. This phase provides estimates for a number of census topics, including passports held, ethnic group, national identity, language, and religion.

Data are available for Northern Ireland and the 11 Local Government Districts.

This dataset provides Census 2021 estimates that classify usual residents aged 16 and over (excluding full-time students) in employment in Northern Ireland by their method used to travel to work. The estimates are as at census day, 21 March 2021. Census 2021 took place during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic which will have affected the travel to work and travel to study statistics.

The census collected information on the usually resident population of Northern Ireland on census day (21 March 2021). Initial contact letters or questionnaire packs were delivered to every household and communal establishment, and residents were asked to complete online or return the questionnaire with information as correct on census day. Special arrangements were made to enumerate special groups such as students, members of the Travellers Community, HM Forces personnel etc. The Census Coverage Survey (an independent doorstep survey) followed between 12 May and 29 June 2021 and was used to adjust the census counts for under-enumeration.

The quality assurance report can be found here

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the Belfast township population distribution across 18 age groups. It lists the population in each age group along with the percentage population relative of the total population for Belfast township. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population distribution of Belfast township by age. For example, using this dataset, we can identify the largest age group in Belfast township.

Key observations

The largest age group in Belfast Township, Pennsylvania was for the group of age 55 to 59 years years with a population of 134 (10.02%), according to the ACS 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates. At the same time, the smallest age group in Belfast Township, Pennsylvania was the 80 to 84 years years with a population of 28 (2.09%). Source: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates

Age groups:

• Under 5 years
• 5 to 9 years
• 10 to 14 years
• 15 to 19 years
• 20 to 24 years
• 25 to 29 years
• 30 to 34 years
• 35 to 39 years
• 40 to 44 years
• 45 to 49 years
• 50 to 54 years
• 55 to 59 years
• 60 to 64 years
• 65 to 69 years
• 70 to 74 years
• 75 to 79 years
• 80 to 84 years
• 85 years and over

Variables / Data Columns

• Age Group: This column displays the age group in consideration
• Population: The population for the specific age group in the Belfast township is shown in this column.
• % of Total Population: This column displays the population of each age group as a proportion of Belfast township total population. Please note that the sum of all percentages may not equal one due to rounding of values.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Belfast township Population by Age. You can refer the same here

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the Belfast population by gender and age. The dataset can be utilized to understand the gender distribution and demographics of Belfast.

Content

The dataset constitues the following two datasets across these two themes

• Belfast, ME Population Breakdown by Gender
• Belfast, ME Population Breakdown by Gender and Age

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

In 2023, there were 130,936 people aged between 55 and 59 in Northern Ireland, which was the most of any age group in this year.

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the population of Belfast township by gender across 18 age groups. It lists the male and female population in each age group along with the gender ratio for Belfast township. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population distribution of Belfast township by gender and age. For example, using this dataset, we can identify the largest age group for both Men and Women in Belfast township. Additionally, it can be used to see how the gender ratio changes from birth to senior most age group and male to female ratio across each age group for Belfast township.

Key observations

Largest age group (population): Male # 55-59 years (20) | Female # 55-59 years (14). Source: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

Age groups:

• Under 5 years
• 5 to 9 years
• 10 to 14 years
• 15 to 19 years
• 20 to 24 years
• 25 to 29 years
• 30 to 34 years
• 35 to 39 years
• 40 to 44 years
• 45 to 49 years
• 50 to 54 years
• 55 to 59 years
• 60 to 64 years
• 65 to 69 years
• 70 to 74 years
• 75 to 79 years
• 80 to 84 years
• 85 years and over

Scope of gender :

Please note that American Community Survey asks a question about the respondents current sex, but not about gender, sexual orientation, or sex at birth. The question is intended to capture data for biological sex, not gender. Respondents are supposed to respond with the answer as either of Male or Female. Our research and this dataset mirrors the data reported as Male and Female for gender distribution analysis.

Variables / Data Columns

• Age Group: This column displays the age group for the Belfast township population analysis. Total expected values are 18 and are define above in the age groups section.
• Population (Male): The male population in the Belfast township is shown in the following column.
• Population (Female): The female population in the Belfast township is shown in the following column.
• Gender Ratio: Also known as the sex ratio, this column displays the number of males per 100 females in Belfast township for each age group.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Belfast township Population by Gender. You can refer the same here

Information is compiled from the Agricultural and Horticultural Census. This is an annual survey, conducted by the Statistics and Analytical Services Branch, DAERA. Information is on Number of Farms, Number of LFA Farms, Number of Non LFA Farms, Area Farmed (ha), Average SO/SGM (‘000) per farm, Crops (ha), Grass (ha), Number of Cattle, Number of Sheep, Number of Pigs, Number of Poultry, Number of Farmers, Number of self Employed, Number of Spouses, Number of Other Workers, Total Labour on Farms, Number of v. small/small/medium/large farms.

Note that all small area data relating to less than 5 farm businesses has been suppressed and replaced with the number '3' to prevent disclosure. Due to the small number of farms within Belfast areas all data based on farm businesses or people has also been supressed in order to avoid large amounts of secondary suppression.

For further details, please see The Agricultural Census in Northern Ireland webpage -https://www.daera-ni.gov.uk/articles/agricultural-census-northern-ireland.

Between 1821 and 1921, the entire island of Ireland was a part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, after both islands were united by the Act of Union in 1800. This graph shows only the population of the six counties of Ireland that would go on to become Northern Ireland. The population was just under 1.4 million in 1821 and grew to 1.7 million in the next twenty years.

Between 1845 and 1849 the Great Famine devastated the overall population of Ireland, causing the deaths of approximately one million people, and causing a further million to emigrate. Although the famine affected the population of the west and south of Ireland much more severely than the north, the population of the six counties still fell by over 200,000 people between 1841 and 1851. The population then continued to fall, reaching it's lowest point in the 1890s where it was 1.2 million. The Northern Irish population then grows slowly until the mid to late 1900s, during which time the state of Northern Ireland was founded in 1921. The population the reaches over 1.54 million in the 1960s, before it falls again in the 1970s. This drop in population coincides with the outbreak and the most violent decade of the Troubles in Northern Ireland, which was a conflict that dominated Northern Irish daily life for decades. However, from 1981 onwards the population grows by 70,000 to 12,000 every ten years, surpassing it's pre-famine level in the 1990s.

In 2024, the population of the Republic of Ireland was approximately 5.38 million, compared with 5.28 million in 2023.

In 2022, Belfast was the local district that had the highest number of inhabitants in Northern Ireland, with an estimated population of 348,000, followed by Armagh City, Banbridge and Craigavon which had approximately 220,000 people living there in this year.

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the data for the Belfast, ME population pyramid, which represents the Belfast population distribution across age and gender, using estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates. It lists the male and female population for each age group, along with the total population for those age groups. Higher numbers at the bottom of the table suggest population growth, whereas higher numbers at the top indicate declining birth rates. Furthermore, the dataset can be utilized to understand the youth dependency ratio, old-age dependency ratio, total dependency ratio, and potential support ratio.

Key observations

• Youth dependency ratio, which is the number of children aged 0-14 per 100 persons aged 15-64, for Belfast, ME, is 25.8.
• Old-age dependency ratio, which is the number of persons aged 65 or over per 100 persons aged 15-64, for Belfast, ME, is 70.9.
• Total dependency ratio for Belfast, ME is 96.7.
• Potential support ratio, which is the number of youth (working age population) per elderly, for Belfast, ME is 1.4.

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

Age groups:

• Under 5 years
• 5 to 9 years
• 10 to 14 years
• 15 to 19 years
• 20 to 24 years
• 25 to 29 years
• 30 to 34 years
• 35 to 39 years
• 40 to 44 years
• 45 to 49 years
• 50 to 54 years
• 55 to 59 years
• 60 to 64 years
• 65 to 69 years
• 70 to 74 years
• 75 to 79 years
• 80 to 84 years
• 85 years and over

Variables / Data Columns

• Age Group: This column displays the age group for the Belfast population analysis. Total expected values are 18 and are define above in the age groups section.
• Population (Male): The male population in the Belfast for the selected age group is shown in the following column.
• Population (Female): The female population in the Belfast for the selected age group is shown in the following column.
• Total Population: The total population of the Belfast for the selected age group is shown in the following column.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Belfast Population by Age. You can refer the same here

In 2021, there were 11.6 births per 1,000 people in Northern Ireland, compared with eleven in the previous year. Between 2000 and 2008, Northern Ireland's birth rate increased from 12.8 to 14.4 but started to decline gradually until 2012 when it dropped from 13.9 to 13.3 in just one year. During this provided time period, the birth rate in Northern Ireland was highest in 1971, when it was 20.6 and was at its lowest in 2020 when there were just eleven births per 1,000 people. Falling birth rates in the UK For the United Kingdom as a whole, the birth rate fell to 10.2 births per 1,000 people in 2020, before a slight uptick to 10.4 in 2021. After a postwar peak of 18.8 births per 1,000 people in 1964, the UK birth rate fell sharply to just 11.7 by 1977. Between 1977 and 2012 the birth rate fluctuated between 11.3 and 13.9, but declined in every year between 2012 and 2020. In 2021, the UK's fertility rate (the number of births per women) fell to just 1.53, compared with 2.95 in 1964. Since 1973, the UK has fallen below the minimum replacement level fertility rate of 2.1, and without immigration would likely see its population decline in the long term. Global demographic trends The considerable decline in the UK's fertility rate in recent decades is not an isolated phenomenon. As of 2024, Africa was, at 4.12, the only continent to have a fertility rate higher than the global average of 2.31. Several countries, mainly in East Asia and Europe, have far lower fertility rates than the UK or the global average, however. South Korea provides the most dramatic example of this trend, with its fertility rate falling from 6.33 in 1960 to just 1.11 by 2020. By the 2080s, it is expected that, as Africa's fertility rate converges with the rest of the world, the global population will peak at around 10.4 billion and start to decline.