Graph and download economic data for Interest Rates: Long-Term Government Bond Yields: 10-Year: Main (Including Benchmark) for United States (IRLTLT01USQ156N) from Q2 1953 to Q2 2025 about long-term, 10-year, bonds, yield, government, interest rate, interest, rate, and USA.

California Crop Yield Benchmark: Combining Satellite Image, Climate, Evapotranspiration, and Soil Data Layers for County-Level Yield Forecasting of Over 70 Crops

This benchmark offers a comprehensive, unified, and multi-modal dataset for county-level crop yield prediction across California. It integrates diverse data sources, including monthly time series from Landsat satellite imagery, monthly evapotranspiration (ET) data, daily DayMet climate variables, static soil attributes, annual… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/hkaman/california-crop-yield-benchmark.

Canada Government Benchmark Bonds Yield: Month End: 2 Years data was reported at 2.470 % pa in Apr 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.460 % pa for Mar 2025. Canada Government Benchmark Bonds Yield: Month End: 2 Years data is updated monthly, averaging 3.010 % pa from Jan 1993 (Median) to Apr 2025, with 388 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8.760 % pa in Jan 1995 and a record low of 0.150 % pa in Jan 2021. Canada Government Benchmark Bonds Yield: Month End: 2 Years data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of Canada. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Canada – Table CA.M013: Government Bonds Yield. Government Benchmark Bond are rates based on actual mid-market closing yields of selected Canada bond issues that mature approximately in the indicated term areas.

CY-Bench: A comprehensive benchmark dataset for sub-national crop yield forecasting

Overview

CY-Bench is a dataset and benchmark for subnational crop yield forecasting, with coverage of major crop growing countries of the world for maize and wheat. By subnational, we mean the administrative level where yield statistics are published. When statistics are available for multiple levels, we pick the highest resolution. The dataset combines sub-national yield statistics with relevant predictors, such as growing-season weather indicators, remote sensing indicators, evapotranspiration, soil moisture indicators, and static soil properties. CY-Bench has been designed and curated by agricultural experts, climate scientists, and machine learning researchers from the AgML Community, with the aim of facilitating model intercomparison across the diverse agricultural systems around the globe in conditions as close as possible to real-world operationalization. Ultimately, by lowering the barrier to entry for ML researchers in this crucial application area, CY-Bench will facilitate the development of improved crop forecasting tools that can be used to support decision-makers in food security planning worldwide.

* Crops : Wheat & Maize
* Spatial Coverage : Wheat (29 countries), Maize (38).
See CY-Bench paper appendix for the list of countries.
* Temporal Coverage : Varies. See country-specific data

Data

Data format

The benchmark data is organized as a collection of CSV files, with each file representing a specific category of variable for a particular country. Each CSV file is named according to the category and the country it pertains to, facilitating easy identification and retrieval. The data within each CSV file is structured in tabular format, where rows represent observations and columns represent different predictors related to a category of variable.

Data content

All data files are provided as .csv.

Folder structure

The CY-Bench dataset has been structure at first level by crop type and subsequently by country. For each country, the folder name follows the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 two-character code. A separate .csv is available for each predictor data and crop calendar as shown below. The csv files are named to reflect the corresponding country and crop type e.g. **variable_croptype_country.csv**.
```
CY-Bench
│
└─── maize
│ │
│ └─── AO
│ │ -- crop_calendar_maize_AO.csv
│ │ -- fpar_maize_AO.csv
│ │ -- meteo_maize_AO.csv
│ │ -- ndvi_maize_AO.csv
│ │ -- soil_maize_AO.csv
│ │ -- soil_moisture_maize_AO.csv
│ │ -- yield_maize_AO.csv
│ │
│ └─── AR
│ -- crop_calendar_maize_AR.csv
│ -- fpar_maize_AR.csv
│ -- ...
│
└─── wheat
│ │
│ └─── AR
│ │ -- crop_calendar_wheat_AR.csv
│ │ -- fpar_wheat_AR.csv
│ │ ...
```

Example : CSV data content for maize in country X

```
X
└─── crop_calendar_maize_X.csv
│ -- crop_name (name of the crop)
│ -- adm_id (unique identifier for a subnational unit)
│ -- sos (start of crop season)
│ -- eos (end of crop season)
│
└─── fpar_maize_X.csv
│ -- crop_name
│ -- adm_id
│ -- date (in the format YYYYMMdd)
│ -- fpar
│
└─── meteo_maize_X.csv
│ -- crop_name
│ -- adm_id
│ -- date (in the format YYYYMMdd)

│ -- tmin (minimum temperature)
│ -- tmax (maximum temperature)
│ -- prec (precipitation)
│ -- rad (radiation)
│ -- tavg (average temperature)
│ -- et0 (evapotranspiration)
│ -- cwb (crop water balance)
│
└─── ndvi_maize_X.csv
│ -- crop_name
│ -- adm_id
│ -- date (in the format YYYYMMdd)
│ -- ndvi
│
└─── soil_maize_X.csv
│ -- crop_name
│ -- adm_id
│ -- awc (available water capacity)
│ -- bulk_density
│ -- drainage_class
│
└─── soil_moisture_maize_X.csv
│ -- crop_name
│ -- adm_id
│ -- date (in the format YYYYMMdd)
│ -- ssm (surface soil moisture)
│ -- rsm ()
│
└─── yield_maize_X.csv
│ -- crop_name
│ -- country_code
│ -- adm_id
│ -- harvest_year
│ -- yield
│ -- harvest_area
│ -- production

Data access

The full dataset can be downloaded directly from Zenodo or using the ```zenodo_get``` library

License and citation

We kindly ask all users of CY-Bench to properly respect licensing and citation conditions of the datasets included.

Finland Benchmark Govt Bond Yield: Month End: 10 Years data was reported at 2.866 % pa in Apr 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 3.038 % pa for Mar 2025. Finland Benchmark Govt Bond Yield: Month End: 10 Years data is updated monthly, averaging 3.573 % pa from Jan 1992 (Median) to Apr 2025, with 400 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 13.510 % pa in Sep 1992 and a record low of -0.429 % pa in Oct 2020. Finland Benchmark Govt Bond Yield: Month End: 10 Years data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of Finland. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.M006: Benchmark Government Bond Yield.

Finland Benchmark Govt Bond Yield: Month End: 5 Years data was reported at -0.099 % pa in Nov 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of -0.058 % pa for Oct 2018. Finland Benchmark Govt Bond Yield: Month End: 5 Years data is updated monthly, averaging 3.529 % pa from Jan 1992 (Median) to Nov 2018, with 323 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 13.250 % pa in Sep 1992 and a record low of -0.554 % pa in Sep 2016. Finland Benchmark Govt Bond Yield: Month End: 5 Years data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of Finland. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.M008: Benchmark Government Bond Yield.

India CCIL: Government Securities Yield: Benchmark: 10 Years data was reported at 6.290 % in 15 May 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 6.310 % for 14 May 2025. India CCIL: Government Securities Yield: Benchmark: 10 Years data is updated daily, averaging 7.430 % from Aug 2008 (Median) to 15 May 2025, with 4032 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 9.530 % in 19 Aug 2013 and a record low of 5.760 % in 10 Jul 2020. India CCIL: Government Securities Yield: Benchmark: 10 Years data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by The Clearing Corporation of India Limited. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Interest and Foreign Exchange Rates – Table IN.MD003: Government Securities Yield: The Clearing Corporation of India Limited.

Long-Term Government Bond Yields: 10-year: Main (Including Benchmark) for the United States was 4.21% in January of 2024, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Long-Term Government Bond Yields: 10-year: Main (Including Benchmark) for the United States reached a record high of 13.91 in January of 1981 and a record low of 0.89 in January of 2020. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Long-Term Government Bond Yields: 10-year: Main (Including Benchmark) for the United States - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on July of 2025.

The yield on US 10 Year Note Bond Yield eased to 4.22% on August 1, 2025, marking a 0.15 percentage point decrease from the previous session. Over the past month, the yield has fallen by 0.06 points, though it remains 0.43 points higher than a year ago, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. US 10 Year Treasury Bond Note Yield - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on August of 2025.

Graph and download economic data for Interest Rates: Long-Term Government Bond Yields: 10-Year: Main (Including Benchmark) for Germany from May 1956 to Jun 2025 about long-term, Germany, 10-year, bonds, yield, government, interest rate, interest, and rate.

Finland Benchmark Govt Bond Yield: Average: 10 Years data was reported at 0.661 % pa in Nov 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.725 % pa for Oct 2018. Finland Benchmark Govt Bond Yield: Average: 10 Years data is updated monthly, averaging 4.086 % pa from Jan 1992 (Median) to Nov 2018, with 323 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 13.528 % pa in Sep 1992 and a record low of 0.060 % pa in Aug 2016. Finland Benchmark Govt Bond Yield: Average: 10 Years data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of Finland. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.M008: Benchmark Government Bond Yield.

The yield on India 10Y Bond Yield eased to 6.37% on July 31, 2025, marking a 0 percentage point decrease from the previous session. Over the past month, the yield has edged up by 0.01 points, though it remains 0.54 points lower than a year ago, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. India 10-Year Government Bond Yield - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

Graph and download economic data for Interest Rates: Long-Term Government Bond Yields: 10-Year: Main (Including Benchmark) for United Kingdom (IRLTLT01GBM156N) from Jan 1960 to Jun 2025 about long-term, 10-year, United Kingdom, bonds, yield, government, interest rate, interest, and rate.

The yield on China 10Y Bond Yield eased to 1.74% on July 31, 2025, marking a 0 percentage point decrease from the previous session. Over the past month, the yield has edged up by 0.10 points, though it remains 0.39 points lower than a year ago, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. China 10-Year Government Bond Yield - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

Canada Government Benchmark Bonds Yield: Month End: 7 Years data was reported at 2.850 % pa in Apr 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.780 % pa for Mar 2025. Canada Government Benchmark Bonds Yield: Month End: 7 Years data is updated monthly, averaging 3.445 % pa from Jan 1993 (Median) to Apr 2025, with 388 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 9.200 % pa in Jun 1994 and a record low of 0.340 % pa in Jul 2020. Canada Government Benchmark Bonds Yield: Month End: 7 Years data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of Canada. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Canada – Table CA.M013: Government Bonds Yield. Government Benchmark Bond are rates based on actual mid-market closing yields of selected Canada bond issues that mature approximately in the indicated term areas.

The yield on Indonesia 10Y Bond Yield rose to 6.58% on August 1, 2025, marking a 0.04 percentage point increase from the previous session. Over the past month, the yield has fallen by 0.02 points and is 0.26 points lower than a year ago, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. Indonesia 10-Year Government Bond Yield - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on August of 2025.

The yield on France 10Y Bond Yield eased to 3.34% on August 1, 2025, marking a 0.01 percentage point decrease from the previous session. Over the past month, the yield has edged up by 0.02 points and is 0.38 points higher than a year ago, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. France 10-Year Government Bond Yield - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on August of 2025.

Long-Term Government Bond Yields: 10-year: Main (Including Benchmark) for the Czech Republic was 4.26% in March of 2025, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Long-Term Government Bond Yields: 10-year: Main (Including Benchmark) for the Czech Republic reached a record high of 5.52 in October of 2022 and a record low of 3.03 in February of 2022. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Long-Term Government Bond Yields: 10-year: Main (Including Benchmark) for the Czech Republic - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on July of 2025.

Graph and download economic data for Interest Rates: Long-Term Government Bond Yields: 10-Year: Main (Including Benchmark) for France (IRLTLT01FRQ156N) from Q1 1960 to Q1 2025 about France, long-term, 10-year, bonds, yield, government, interest rate, interest, and rate.

Finland Benchmark Govt Bond Yield: Average: Euro Area: 10 Years data was reported at 0.434 % pa in Oct 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.509 % pa for Sep 2018. Finland Benchmark Govt Bond Yield: Average: Euro Area: 10 Years data is updated monthly, averaging 4.125 % pa from Jan 1992 (Median) to Oct 2018, with 322 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 10.150 % pa in Aug 1992 and a record low of -0.162 % pa in Sep 2016. Finland Benchmark Govt Bond Yield: Average: Euro Area: 10 Years data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of Finland. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.M008: Benchmark Government Bond Yield.