In 2019, California had the highest population of unauthorized immigrants, at around 2.74 million. The overall figure for the United States was estimated to be around 11.05 million unauthorized immigrants.

This statistic shows the estimated percentage of employed undocumented immigrants in the United States in 2016, distinguished by industry. In 2017, around 14.2 percent of agriculture workers were estimated to be undocumented immigrants.

In 2022, the greatest number of illegal aliens returned in the United States were from the Philippines, with 39,891 illegal aliens returned. India, Canada, China, and Russia rounded out the top five in that year.

In 2023 there were over 350,000 illegal border crossing detecting on the borders of the European Union, the most crossings recorded since 2017 when there were over 204,000. Illegal border crossings peaked in 2015 at the height of the European migrant crisis, when over 1.8 million illegal border crossing were detected.

Between 1820 and 1957, more than six million people emigrated from Germany to the United States. The period with the highest levels of migration came during the 1850s and the 1880s, and over 250 thousand documented migrants came to the US from Germany in 1882 alone. The reasons for these mass migrations were not linked to individual events, but were because of the improved access to trans-Atlantic travel, poor economic opportunities at home (particularly for farmers, who struggled with the rapid industrialization of Germany), and to escape religious persecution in Europe. The periods with the lowest levels of migration from Germany were between 1915 and 1945, and were likely caused by the First and Second World Wars, and also the Great Depression.

In 2023, there were over 380,000 illegal border crossings detected at the borders of the European Union, with the Central Mediterranean route detecting the highest number of crossings at 157,479.

Since the early 1970s the European Commission´s Standard & Special Eurobarometer are regularly monitoring the public opinion in the European Union member countries. Principal investigators are the Directorate-General Communication and on occasion other departments of the European Commission or the European Parliament. Over time, candidate and accession countries were included in the Standard Eurobarometer Series. Selected questions or modules may not have been surveyed in each sample. Please consult the basic questionnaire for more information on country filter instructions or other questionnaire routing filters. In this study the following modules are included: 1. Integration of immigrants in the European Union, 2. Corruption.
Topics: 1. Integration of immigrants in the European Union: estimated share of legal immigrants compared to the share of illegal immigrants in the own country; assessment of legal immigration from outside the EU as opportunity or as a problem for own country; proportion of immigrants in the total national population (in percent); self-rated knowledge about immigration and integration matters; frequency of interaction with immigrants in selected situations: workplace, educational institutions, public services, neighbourhood, leisure activities, household services; comfort with immigrants as: own manager, own work colleague, own doctor, own family member, own friend; friends and / or family members who are immigrants living in respondent’s country; success of integration of immigrants living in: own city, own country; attitude towards the following statements on the impact of immigrants on the society in the own country: overall positive effect on national economy, burden on welfare system, take jobs away, fill unpopular jobs, boost innovation, enrich national cultural life, worsen crime problems; importance of each of the following aspects with regard to successful integration into the country of residence: share cultural traditions, feel like a member of society, speak national language, accept values and norms of society, participate in cultural and political life, contribute to welfare system, have friends, sufficient educational qualifications, acquire national citizenship; assessment of the following obstacles to successful integration: discrimination, limited efforts of immigrants to integrate, access to long term residence permits, finding a job, limited access to education as well as to healthcare and social protection, limited interaction between immigrants and national citizens, negative portrayal in the media, bringing family members; assessment of the usefulness of selected measures to support integration: provide integration measures in countries of origin, better preparing local community, better integration programmes upon arrival, language courses upon arrival, mandatory participation in integration programmes and language courses upon arrival, support enrolment of children in pre-school, support in finding a job, ensure equality, promote intermingling of people, right to vote, tackle discrimination, more financial support to civil society organisations that promote integration; importance of each of the following actors for successful integration: immigrants, citizens, national government, EU institutions, local and regional authorities, media, educational institutions, civil society actors, employers; responsibility of immigrants and / or of society; attitude towards the following statements on integration: necessary investment for own country, sufficient measures of national government; assessment of the presentation of matters regarding immigrants in the national media as positive; importance of each of the following measures with regard to the integration of immigrants in EU member states: share best practices, better cooperation between responsible actors, financial support to governments and civil society organisations, common EU policies; country of birth of: respondent, parents, grandparents.

1. Corruption: visits to a doctor or a public healthcare institution in the last twelve months; obligation to give extra payments or gifts; detailed description of what happened; acceptability of giving the following kinds of bribes: money, gift, favour; assessment of corruption in the own country as a widespread problem; development of the extent of corruption in the own country in the last three years; estimated extent of bribery with regard to the following authorities in the own country: police and customs, tax authorities, courts, social security, public prosecution service, politicians, political parties, officials awarding public tenders, officials issuing building permits, officials issuing business permits, healthcare system, education sector, inspectors, private companies, banks and financial institutions; acquainted person involved in bribery; contact with the aforementioned authorities in the last twelve months; expected bribes and amount; awareness of...

The number of people who arrived in Spain illegally by sea through this autonomous community presents great fluctuations over the period of time under consideration, having its lowest point in 2017 with less than 450 irregular immigrants. The number of irregular migrants that arrived in Spain by sea through the Canary Islands was estimated to be approximately 39,910 in 2023.

In 2024, the European country registering the largest number of migrants' arrivals was Italy. As of October 2024, 53,000 immigrants reached the Italian peninsula by sea. Spain had the second-largest number of arrivals by sea, 42,000 immigrants, both from the Wester Mediterranean route and the Wester African Atlantic route. Bulgaria was the country registering the largest number of arrivals by land 6,340.

As of 2020, the number of immigrants in Malaysia amounted to approximately 3.48 million. As one of the biggest economies in Southeast Asia, Malaysia is an attractive destination for workers from neighboring countries seeking better wages and employment.

Indonesians make up the majority of immigrants
With their shared culture, religion and a very similar language, Indonesia was the single biggest contributor of immigrants to Malaysia. Indonesians also make up the bulk of migrant workers there, with many having sought employment in construction, agriculture, or as domestic helpers. In 2017, however, the estimated number of Indonesian migrant workers in Malaysia differed from the official numbers given by the Indonesian government, indicating a significant portion who might have undertaken the journey to work in Malaysia illegally.

Perceptions on immigration
Immigration is a sensitive topic in Malaysia, and more Malaysians seemed to view it negatively than positively. Immigrants, especially those in Malaysia illegally, are routinely blamed for a host of problems from crime to loss of jobs, and Malaysians seemed to believe that there were more immigrants than there actually were in the country. Despite their misgivings, however, Malaysia needed these immigrants to take on jobs that most locals would not do and to make up for the shortage of manpower it faced.

In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the majority of documented migration to the United States of American came from European countries. Between 1820 and 1957, of the approximate 41 million migrants to the US, over 34 million of these came from Europe. The most commonly documented countries of origin during this time were Germany (6.6 million), Italy (4.9 million), Ireland (4.6 million), Great Britain (4.5 million), and Russia (3.4 million). The first wave of mass migration came in the 1850s, as the Great famine crippled Ireland's population, and many in rural areas of mainland Europe struggled to adapt to industrialization, and economic opportunities attracted many in the 1870s, following the American Civil War. The 1880s saw another wave, as steam powered ships and lower fares made trans-Atlantic journeys much more affordable. The first wave of mass migration from Eastern and Southern Europe also arrived at this time, as industrialization and agricultural advancements led to high unemployment in these regions.

The majority of migrants to the United States settled in major urban centers, which allowed the expansion of industry, leading to the United States' emergence as one of the leading global economies at the turn of the twentieth century. The largest wave of migration to the United states during this period came in the first fifteen years of the 1900s. The influx of migrants from Northern and Western Europe had now been replaced by an influx from Eastern and Southern Europe (although migration from the British Isles was still quite high during this time). European migration fell to it's lowest levels in eighty years during the First World War, before fluctuating again in the interwar period, due to the Great Depression. As the twentieth century progressed, the continent with the highest levels of migration to the US gradually changed from Europe to Latin America, as economic opportunities in Western Europe improved, and the US' relationship with the Soviet Union and other Eastern, communist states became complicated.

For the year ending June 2024, approximately 1.2 million people migrated to the United Kingdom, while 479,000 people migrated from the UK, resulting in a net migration figure of 728,000. There have consistently been more people migrating to the United Kingdom than leaving it since 1993 when the net migration figure was negative 1,000. Although migration from the European Union has declined since the Brexit vote of 2016, migration from non-EU countries accelerated rapidly from 2021 onwards. In the year to June 2023, 968,000 people from non-EU countries migrated to the UK, compared with 129,000 from EU member states. Immigration and the next UK election Throughout 2023, immigration, along with the economy and healthcare, was consistently seen by UK voters as one of the top issues facing the country. Despite a pledge to deter irregular migration via small boats, and controversial plans to send asylum applicants to Rwanda while their claims are being processed, the current government is losing the trust of the public on this issue. As of February 2024, 20 percent of Britons thought the Labour Party would be the best party to handle immigration, compared with 16 percent who thought the Conservatives would handle it better. With the next UK election expected at some point in 2024, the Conservatives are battling to improve their public image on this and many other issues. Historical context of migration The first humans who arrived in the British Isles, were followed by acts of conquest and settlement from Romans, Anglo-Saxons, Danes, and Normans. In the early modern period, there were also significant waves of migration from people fleeing religious or political persecution, such as the French Huguenots. More recently, large numbers of people also left Britain. Between 1820 and 1957, for example, around 4.5 million people migrated from Britain to America. After World War Two, immigration from Britain's colonies and former colonies was encouraged to meet labor demands. A key group that migrated from the Caribbean between the late 1940s and early 1970s became known as the Windrush generation, named after one of the ships that brought the arrivals to Britain.

In 2023, around 1.93 million people immigrated to Germany. Numbers fluctuated during the time period covered in the graph at hand, peaking in 2015 during the high point of Europe’s refugee crisis. Significantly lower figures in 2020 may be attributed to the first year of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, and subsequent restrictions implemented by the German government on entering the country, in order to control the spread of the disease. Immigration to Germany “Immigrant” is a term used from the point of view of the receiving country, or the country being migrated to by a person. While reasons for and circumstances leading to an immigrant entering a foreign country may vary, they often include love, include seeking residence, employment, family reunions, or applying for asylum. Various countries are represented among foreigners living in Germany, though currently the leading three by numbers are Turkey, Ukraine, and Syria. Around 5.2 million immigrants living in Germany do not need a residence permit due to having EU citizenship, and therefore being allowed freedom of movement based on EU law. Another 2.64 million immigrants were granted an unlimited permit to stay in Germany. The near future Germany remains a popular choice for immigrants, even in currently challenging economic and political times. Welfare benefits, healthcare, and various support initiatives for those moving to or arriving in the country are on the list of selling points, though in practice, difficulties may be encountered depending on individual situations and laws in different German federal states. While the unemployment rate among foreigners living in Germany had gone up in 2020, it dropped again in the following years, but increased once more in 2023 and 2024 to over 16 percent. The country is Europe’s largest economy, housing many global players in various industries, which continues to attract jobseekers, despite these very industries facing struggles of their own brought on both by the ongoing coronavirus pandemic and geopolitical events in Europe.

In the twelve months to June 2024, approximately 1.2 million people migrated to the United Kingdom, while 479,000 emigrated away from the country, resulting in a net migration figure of 728,000.

In the year ending June 2024, approximately 1.03 million people from outside the European Union migrated to the United Kingdom, compared with 116,000 people from European Union countries, and 58,000 British nationals.