Graph and download economic data for Producer Price Index by Industry: Commercial Banking: Other Banking Services (PCU5221105221104) from Dec 2003 to Jul 2025 about commercial, banks, depository institutions, services, PPI, industry, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for Producer Price Index by Industry: Investment Banking and Securities Intermediation: Investment Banking and Securities Dealing (PCU523110523110P) from Dec 2003 to Jul 2025 about dealers, primary, investment, securities, banks, services, depository institutions, PPI, industry, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

This panel dataset contains quarterly series on inflation targets, bands, and track records for 41 inflation targeting countries from 1990 to 2024. Data on inflation targets and bands are collected through each central bank’s historical documents and rules-based track record measures are calculated by the author to assess actual inflation outcomes with respect to the central banks’ stated policy objectives. The dataset supports research work in Zhang (2025), Zhang and Wang (2022), and Zhang (2021). Please cite the following paper when using the data: Z. Zhang, Inflation Targets, Bands, and Track Records: a Dataset of Inflation Targeting Countries, Data in Brief, Volume 61, 2025, 111753.

Other related papers: Z. Zhang, Does inflation targeting track record matter for asset prices? Evidence from stock, bond, and foreign exchange markets, Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Volume 101, 2025, 102141. Z. Zhang, S. Wang, Do actions speak louder than words? Assessing the effects of inflation targeting track records on macroeconomic performance, 2022, IMF Working Papers 2022/227.
Z. Zhang, Stock returns and inflation redux: An explanation from monetary policy in advanced and emerging markets, 2021, IMF Working Papers 2021/219.

The 2025 August online version has added two non-IT countries (Switzerland and China) for comparison purpose.

A large literature establishes the benefits of central bank independence, yet very few have shown directly negative economic consequences. I argue that, rather than improving economic outcomes, independent central banks are myopically focused on inflation and this leads to tepid responsiveness to banking instability. I show that banking crises produce larger unemployment shocks, and credit and stock market contractions when the level of central bank independence is high. Further, I show that these significant economic costs can be mitigated by abandoning the inflation-centric policy mandates predominantly considered necessary. When the bank has high technical and political independence, banks’ whose policy mandate does not rigidly prioritize inflation produce significantly better outcomes during banking crises. At the same time, I show that this configuration does not produce higher inflation, suggesting it achieves a more flexible design without incurring significant costs.

The data and programs replicate tables and figures from "From Hyperinflation to Stable Prices: Argentina's Evidence on Menu Cost Models", by Alvarez, Beraja, Gonzalez-Rozada, and Neumeyer. Please see the Readme file for additional details.

Russia Consumer Price Index (CPI): Prev Month=100: Bank Services: Banking Safe Rent data was reported at 100.000 Prev Mth=100 in Dec 2018. This stayed constant from the previous number of 100.000 Prev Mth=100 for Nov 2018. Russia Consumer Price Index (CPI): Prev Month=100: Bank Services: Banking Safe Rent data is updated monthly, averaging 100.205 Prev Mth=100 from Jan 2012 (Median) to Dec 2018, with 84 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 104.630 Prev Mth=100 in Jan 2015 and a record low of 99.860 Prev Mth=100 in Jun 2018. Russia Consumer Price Index (CPI): Prev Month=100: Bank Services: Banking Safe Rent data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Inflation – Table RU.IA011: Consumer Price Index: Previous Month=100: Services.

Inflation has recently become a potentially hazardous headwind for American businesses and households. IBISWorld breaks down which industries are the most vulnerable to inflation.

Graph and download economic data for Producer Price Index by Industry: Investment Banking and Securities Intermediation: Other Securities Dealing Services (PCU5231105231104) from Dec 2003 to Jul 2025 about dealers, investment, securities, banks, services, depository institutions, PPI, industry, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

The size of the Banking Industry in China market was valued at USD XX Million in 2023 and is projected to reach USD XXX Million by 2032, with an expected CAGR of 10.00% during the forecast period. The banking industry is a crucial sector of the global economy, encompassing a range of financial institutions that provide various financial services to individuals, businesses, and governments. This industry is primarily divided into several key segments, including commercial banks, investment banks, retail banks, and central banks. Commercial banks are the backbone of the banking system, offering services such as savings and checking accounts, loans, mortgages, and credit cards to consumers and businesses. Retail banks focus on individual customers, providing personal banking services and products designed for everyday financial needs. Investment banks, on the other hand, specialize in facilitating capital markets transactions, assisting corporations in raising capital through the issuance of stocks and bonds, and providing advisory services for mergers and acquisitions. Central banks play a pivotal role in a country's economy by regulating monetary policy, controlling inflation, and managing national currency and interest rates. Key drivers for this market are: Guaranteed Protection Drives The Market. Potential restraints include: Long and Costly Legal Procedures. Notable trends are: Technology and Digitalization Trends are Driving the Market.

The GDP of ASEAN member states is crucial for determining their economic growth. Factors such as foreign direct investment (FDI), tourism, banking credit, and inflation rates play a significant role in boosting GDP. High inflation can lead to economic instability, particularly for developing countries like those in ASEAN. The ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) aims to address these issues by promoting tourism, increasing investment, and offering low-interest credit to businesses. A study was conducted to analyze the impact of FDI, foreign visitors, bank credit, and inflation on the GDP of ASEAN member nations. The findings revealed that while inflation has a negative impact on GDP, FDI, tourism, and bank credit have a positive impact.

Central Banking Systems Market size was valued at USD 7.6 Billion in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 13.6 Billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 7.5% during the forecast period 2026 to 2032. Central Banking Systems Market DriversTechnological Advancements and Digitalization:Emergence of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs): The exploration and potential issuance of CBDCs by central banks worldwide is a major driver. This necessitates significant modernization of existing systems for currency issuance, payments, and financial operations. CBDCs aim to preserve the advantages of central bank money in a digital age and foster competition among private sector intermediaries.Integration of AI, Blockchain, and Big Data: Central banks are increasingly leveraging advanced technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), blockchain, and big data analytics. These technologies enhance efficiency, security, and risk management in financial transactions, improve data analysis for monetary policy, and automate various processes.Modernization of Payment Systems: There's a push for faster, more secure, and more efficient payment systems, including real-time gross settlement (RTGS) and instant payment infrastructures. Central banks are investing in upgrading these systems to support new digital payment methods and cross-border transactions.Cloud Computing Adoption: Cloud-based solutions offer central banks flexibility, scalability, and reduced infrastructure costs, enabling them to expand analytical capabilities and enhance operational efficiency.Increasing Focus on Financial Stability and Risk Management:Post-Crisis Regulatory Reforms: Following global financial crises (e.g., 2008, COVID-19), central banks have expanded their roles in macro- and microprudential regulation and supervision. This drives the need for more robust, integrated systems for monitoring liquidity, credit, and market risks, and ensuring compliance.Crisis Management and Liquidity Provision: Central banks play a vital role as lenders of last resort. Modern systems are crucial for swiftly managing financial crises, providing liquidity to banks, and maintaining confidence in the financial system.Enhanced Data Analytics for Systemic Risk: The need for sophisticated tools to identify, measure, and mitigate systemic risks in the financial system is pushing central banks to invest in advanced data analytics platforms.Globalization and Cross-Border Financial Flows:Management of Foreign Exchange Reserves: Increasing globalization necessitates robust systems for managing cross-border financial flows, influencing exchange rates, and maintaining the stability of national currencies through foreign exchange management.Interoperability and Standardization: As financial markets become more interconnected, central banks need systems that support interoperability with international payment infrastructures and adhere to global standards.

Turkey Banking Sector: SE: LC: Capital Reserves Due to Inflation Accounting data was reported at 0.000 TRY mn in Jun 2019. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 TRY mn for May 2019. Turkey Banking Sector: SE: LC: Capital Reserves Due to Inflation Accounting data is updated monthly, averaging 0.000 TRY mn from Dec 2002 (Median) to Jun 2019, with 199 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 39,010.174 TRY mn in Feb 2003 and a record low of 0.000 TRY mn in Jun 2019. Turkey Banking Sector: SE: LC: Capital Reserves Due to Inflation Accounting data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Banking Regulation And Supervision Agency. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Turkey – Table TR.KB046: Balance Sheet: Banking Sector: in Local Currency.

Unter Strukturwandlungen im Bankwesen werden längerfristige Änderungen der Geschäftsstruktur, der Geschäftspolitik und der Marktanteile einzelner Institutsgruppen verstanden. Schwierigkeiten bestehen darin, Strukturverschiebungen, die sich als Folge von außergewöhnlichen Ereignissen - wie Krieg und Währungszusammenbruch – ergeben, von jenen zu unterscheiden, die mit dem säkularen Wandel der Wirtschaft verbunden sind, oder auf institutionelle, d.h. gesetzgeberische Neuerungen. „Die vorliegende Untersuchung konzentriert sich einerseits auf die Identifizierung der ‚säkularen‘ und andererseits auf „regenerationsbedingten“, speziell inflationsbedingten, Bestandteile des Strukturwandels im deutschen Kreditgewerbe. Die Grenze zwischen diesen beiden Faktoren ist wahrscheinlich fließend: Derart tiefe Einschnitte in die Geld- und Kreditverfassung eines Landes, wie sie durch Krieg und Hyperinflation hervorgerufen werden, dürften auch Auswirkungen auf das Tempo des ‚säkularen‘ Wandels haben, indem sie veraltete Strukturen schneller absterben lassen und neuen schneller zum Durchbruch verhelfen. Das verkompliziert das Zurechnungsproblem noch mehr, das mit dem Thema dieses Beitrages gestellt ist. … Kein anderer Sektor einer Volkswirtschaft ist derartig stark und unmittelbar von der Zerstörung des Geldwertes in einer Hyperinflation betroffen wie der Kreditsektor. Es ist deshalb zu erwarten, daß die Inflation hier tiefere Spuren hinterlassen hat als z.B. im warenproduzierenden Gewerbe. Im Folgenden wird mit Hilfe von Statistiken der Strukturwandel im deutschen Kreditgewerbe dargestellt, und dabei werden auch Entwicklungen vor dem Ersten Weltkrieg in die Betrachtung mit einbezogen, um eine Vorstellung von den ‚säkularen‘ Strukturwandlungen zu erhalten. Zunächst wird die Entwicklung der Marktanteile verschiedener Institutsgruppen behandelt, im folgenden Abschnitt werden unter Auswertung von Bilanzdaten die Änderungen der Geschäftsstruktur dargestellt und anschließend Änderungen in der Geschäftspolitik im Zusammenhang mit der Liquiditätsquote diskutiert. Dabei wird jeweils vor dem Hintergrund der ‚säkularen‘ Entwicklung in der Vorkriegszeit versucht, die Strukturveränderungen zu identifizieren, die den Sondereinflüssen Krieg und Inflation zugerechnet werden können. Im darauffolgenden Abschnitt wird das Zurechnungsproblem erneut aufgegriffen und die deutsche Entwicklung mit der in den USA und Großbritannien verglichen“ (Holtfrerich, C.-L., a. a. O., S. 188f).

Datentabellen in HISTAT:A.01 Bilanzsummen verschiedener Institutsgruppen im Deutschen Reich (1883-1944)A.02 Verteilung des deutschen Volkseinkommens nach Einkommensarten in % (1913-1931)A.03a Struktur der Gesamtbilanzen aller Banken am Jahresende in % der Bilanzsumme: Aktiva (1913-1940)A.03b Struktur der Gesamtbilanzen aller Banken am Jahresende in % der Bilanzsumme: Passiva (1913-1940)A.04 Bilanzstruktur der Berliner Großbanken am Jahresende in % der Bilanzsumme (1884-1944)A.05 Bilanzstruktur der Hypothekenbanken am Jahresende in % Bilanzsumme (1881-1938)A.06 Fälligkeit der Einlagen der städtischen Kreditgenossenschaften und der Berliner Großbanken in % der Gesamteinlagen (1913-1929)A.07 Die Liquiditätsverhältnisse bei den Berliner Großbanken (1913-1930)

Commercial Banks generate most of their revenue through loans to customers and businesses. Loans are set at interest rates that are influenced by different factors, including the federal funds rate (FFR), the prime rate, debtors' creditworthiness and overall macroeconomic performance. The Commercial Banking industry’s performance was mixed during the current period, which included both the postpandemic recovery and a strong economy amid high interest rates. At the onset of the period, volatile economic conditions created domestic and global dollar funding pressures, creating havoc in the Treasuries market and causing the Fed to act as a dealer of last resort by flooding the international and domestic dollar funding markets with liquidity. The Fed set interest rates to near zero in March 2020 to stimulate the economy; despite this, weak economic performance in 2020 limited demand for bank lending and investment, causing industry revenue to decline. In 2022, the Fed began increasing interest rates to curb historically high inflation. Commercial Banks benefited from the higher rates, which resulted in greater interest income for the industry and contributed to double-digit revenue growth in 2022 and 2023. However, as inflation receded, the Fed cut interest rates in 2024 and is anticipated to cut rates further in 2025 to provide a boost to the economy. Overall, industry revenue has been growing at a CAGR of 7.2% to $1,418.0 billion over the past five years, including an expected decrease of 3.7% in 2025 alone. During the outlook period, industry revenue is forecast to shrink at a CAGR of 1.3% to $1,328.5 billion through the end of 2030. Further interest rate cuts would lower interest income for the industry, hampering profit. In a lower interest rate environment, commercial banks would likely encounter rising loan demand but experience reduced investment income from fixed-income securities. In addition, the acquisition of financial technology start-ups to compete will increase as the industry continues to evolve.

Unter Strukturwandlungen im Bankwesen werden längerfristige Änderungen der Geschäftsstruktur, der Geschäftspolitik und der Marktanteile einzelner Institutsgruppen verstanden. Schwierigkeiten bestehen darin, Strukturverschiebungen, die sich als Folge von außergewöhnlichen Ereignissen - wie Krieg und Währungszusammenbruch – ergeben, von jenen zu unterscheiden, die mit dem säkularen Wandel der Wirtschaft verbunden sind, oder auf institutionelle, d.h. gesetzgeberische Neuerungen. „Die vorliegende Untersuchung konzentriert sich einerseits auf die Identifizierung der ‚säkularen‘ und andererseits auf „regenerationsbedingten“, speziell inflationsbedingten, Bestandteile des Strukturwandels im deutschen Kreditgewerbe. Die Grenze zwischen diesen beiden Faktoren ist wahrscheinlich fließend: Derart tiefe Einschnitte in die Geld- und Kreditverfassung eines Landes, wie sie durch Krieg und Hyperinflation hervorgerufen werden, dürften auch Auswirkungen auf das Tempo des ‚säkularen‘ Wandels haben, indem sie veraltete Strukturen schneller absterben lassen und neuen schneller zum Durchbruch verhelfen. Das verkompliziert das Zurechnungsproblem noch mehr, das mit dem Thema dieses Beitrages gestellt ist. … Kein anderer Sektor einer Volkswirtschaft ist derartig stark und unmittelbar von der Zerstörung des Geldwertes in einer Hyperinflation betroffen wie der Kreditsektor. Es ist deshalb zu erwarten, daß die Inflation hier tiefere Spuren hinterlassen hat als z.B. im warenproduzierenden Gewerbe. Im Folgenden wird mit Hilfe von Statistiken der Strukturwandel im deutschen Kreditgewerbe dargestellt, und dabei werden auch Entwicklungen vor dem Ersten Weltkrieg in die Betrachtung mit einbezogen, um eine Vorstellung von den ‚säkularen‘ Strukturwandlungen zu erhalten. Zunächst wird die Entwicklung der Marktanteile verschiedener Institutsgruppen behandelt, im folgenden Abschnitt werden unter Auswertung von Bilanzdaten die Änderungen der Geschäftsstruktur dargestellt und anschließend Änderungen in der Geschäftspolitik im Zusammenhang mit der Liquiditätsquote diskutiert. Dabei wird jeweils vor dem Hintergrund der ‚säkularen‘ Entwicklung in der Vorkriegszeit versucht, die Strukturveränderungen zu identifizieren, die den Sondereinflüssen Krieg und Inflation zugerechnet werden können. Im darauffolgenden Abschnitt wird das Zurechnungsproblem erneut aufgegriffen und die deutsche Entwicklung mit der in den USA und Großbritannien verglichen“ (Holtfrerich, C.-L., a. a. O., S. 188f). Datentabellen in HISTAT: A.01 Bilanzsummen verschiedener Institutsgruppen im Deutschen Reich (1883-1944) A.02 Verteilung des deutschen Volkseinkommens nach Einkommensarten in % (1913-1931) A.03a Struktur der Gesamtbilanzen aller Banken am Jahresende in % der Bilanzsumme: Aktiva (1913-1940) A.03b Struktur der Gesamtbilanzen aller Banken am Jahresende in % der Bilanzsumme: Passiva (1913-1940) A.04 Bilanzstruktur der Berliner Großbanken am Jahresende in % der Bilanzsumme (1884-1944) A.05 Bilanzstruktur der Hypothekenbanken am Jahresende in % Bilanzsumme (1881-1938) A.06 Fälligkeit der Einlagen der städtischen Kreditgenossenschaften und der Berliner Großbanken in % der Gesamteinlagen (1913-1929) A.07 Die Liquiditätsverhältnisse bei den Berliner Großbanken (1913-1930)

Graph and download economic data for Producer Price Index by Commodity: Investment Services: Investment Banking (WPU403101) from Dec 2008 to Jul 2025 about investment, banks, commodities, depository institutions, services, PPI, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

Senior Technical Analyst Mario Ismailanji provides an update on economic conditions through the first quarter of 2021.

Core Inflation Nowcast: Contribution: Balance Sheet: Bank Negara Malaysia: Liabilities: Deposits: Banking System data was reported at 5.696 % in 12 May 2025. This stayed constant from the previous number of 5.696 % for 05 May 2025. Core Inflation Nowcast: Contribution: Balance Sheet: Bank Negara Malaysia: Liabilities: Deposits: Banking System data is updated weekly, averaging 0.000 % from Oct 2020 (Median) to 12 May 2025, with 239 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 14.161 % in 13 Sep 2021 and a record low of 0.000 % in 21 Apr 2025. Core Inflation Nowcast: Contribution: Balance Sheet: Bank Negara Malaysia: Liabilities: Deposits: Banking System data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Malaysia – Table MY.CEIC.NC: CEIC Nowcast: Inflation: Core.

Russia Consumer Price Index (CPI): Weights: Services: Bank Services: Banking Safe Rent data was reported at 0.060 % in 2019. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.058 % for 2018. Russia Consumer Price Index (CPI): Weights: Services: Bank Services: Banking Safe Rent data is updated yearly, averaging 0.037 % from Dec 2012 (Median) to 2019, with 8 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.060 % in 2019 and a record low of 0.030 % in 2012. Russia Consumer Price Index (CPI): Weights: Services: Bank Services: Banking Safe Rent data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Inflation – Table RU.IA027: Consumer Price Index: Weights.

CPI: Prev Dec=100: Bank Services: Banking Safe Rent data was reported at 104.930 Prev Dec=100 in Dec 2018. This stayed constant from the previous number of 104.930 Prev Dec=100 for Nov 2018. CPI: Prev Dec=100: Bank Services: Banking Safe Rent data is updated monthly, averaging 103.780 Prev Dec=100 from Jan 2012 (Median) to Dec 2018, with 84 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 124.510 Prev Dec=100 in Dec 2017 and a record low of 100.010 Prev Dec=100 in Feb 2012. CPI: Prev Dec=100: Bank Services: Banking Safe Rent data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Inflation – Table RU.IA020: Consumer Price Index: Previous December=100: Services.