Russia's capital, Moscow, was the largest city in the country with over **** million residents as of January 1, 2024. Less than a half of Moscow's population resided in Saint Petersburg, the second-most populous city in the country. The third-largest city, Novosibirsk, was located in the Siberian Federal District, being the highest-populated city in the Asian part of Russia. Why is Moscow so populated? The Russian capital is the center of political, industrial, business, and cultural life in Russia. Despite being one of the most expensive cities worldwide, it continues to attract people from Russia and abroad, with its resident population following a generally upward trend over the past decade. Wages in Moscow are higher than in Russia on average, and more opportunities for employment and investment are available in the capital. Furthermore, the number of people living in Moscow was forecast to continue rising, exceeding **** million by 2035. Urbanization in Russia In 2024, around *** million Russian residents lived in cities. That was approximately three-quarters of the country’s population. The urbanization rate increased steadily over the 20th century, leading to a decline in the rural population. Among the country’s regions, the Northwestern Federal District had the highest share of residents in urban areas, measured at ** percent. In the Central Federal District, the tendency was that more people moved to Moscow and cities in the Moscow Oblast.

Among Russian cities with more than one million inhabitants, the country's capital Moscow received the highest urban environmental quality index score of *** out of 360 points in 2024, based on six criteria and six types of area. The second-leading city in this category was Saint Petersburg, Russia's second-largest city, while Kazan ranked third.

Population in largest city in Russia was reported at 12712305 in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Russia - Population in largest city - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Among Russian cities with 100,000 to 250,000 inhabitants, Reutov, located in the Moscow Oblast, received the highest urban environmental quality index score of 301 out of 360 points in 2024, based on six criteria and six types of area. The second-leading city in this category was Krasnogorsk.

Population in the largest city (% of urban population) in Russia was reported at 11.72 % in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Russia - Population in the largest city - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

With a score of *****, Moscow was the leading city for startups in Russia in 2024. Saint Petersburg followed, having earned a score of **** in the period observed. Furthermore, the Russia's capital ranked the major city for startups in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). The score was based on several indicators, such as the number of startups in each city, the startups' qualitative results, and the cities' business and economic indicators.

On Sunday, September 12, 2021, the highest self-isolation index among Russian cities with over one million inhabitants was measured in Omsk at 2.8 points, indicating that there was a high number of people on the streets. In the capital Moscow, where most COVID-19 cases in Russia were recorded, the index reached two points. The non-working period in Russia ended on May 12, 2020.

For further information about the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, please visit our dedicated Facts and Figures page.

Russia Number of Foreign Capital Enterprises: BM: CF: City of Moscow data was reported at 4,047.000 Unit in Dec 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 3,882.000 Unit for Sep 2016. Russia Number of Foreign Capital Enterprises: BM: CF: City of Moscow data is updated quarterly, averaging 3,473.000 Unit from Jun 2000 (Median) to Dec 2016, with 67 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4,751.000 Unit in Dec 2012 and a record low of 2,046.000 Unit in Mar 2014. Russia Number of Foreign Capital Enterprises: BM: CF: City of Moscow data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Investment – Table RU.OE001: Number of Foreign Capital Enterprises: Big and Medium: by Region (Discontinued).

Russia Number of Employees: Foreign Capital Enterprises: BM: CF: City of Moscow data was reported at 545.700 Person th in Dec 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 542.000 Person th for Sep 2016. Russia Number of Employees: Foreign Capital Enterprises: BM: CF: City of Moscow data is updated quarterly, averaging 514.800 Person th from Jun 2000 (Median) to Dec 2016, with 67 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 681.200 Person th in Dec 2012 and a record low of 146.000 Person th in Jun 2000. Russia Number of Employees: Foreign Capital Enterprises: BM: CF: City of Moscow data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Investment – Table RU.OE002: Number of Employees in Foreign Capital Enterprises: Big and Medium: by Region (Discontinued).

This database provides a construction of Large Urban Regions (LUR) in Russia. A Large Urban Region (LUR) can be defined as an aggregation of continuous statistical units around a core that are economically dependent on this core and linked to it by economic and social strong interdependences. The main purpose of this delineation is to make cities comparable on the national and world scales and to make comparative social-economic urban studies. Aggregating different municipal districts around a core city, we construct a single large urban region, which allows to include all the area of economic influence of a core into one statistical unit (see Rogov & Rozenblat, 2019 for more details). In doing so we use four principal urban concepts (Pumain et al., 1992): political definition, morphological definition, functional definition and conurbation that we call Large Urban Region. We implemented LURs using criteria such as population distribution, road networks, access to an airport, distance from a core, presence of multinational firms. In this database we provide population data for LURs and their administrative units.

Russia Number of Foreign Capital Enterprises: BM: NW: City of St Petersburg data was reported at 1,605.000 Unit in Dec 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 1,589.000 Unit for Sep 2016. Russia Number of Foreign Capital Enterprises: BM: NW: City of St Petersburg data is updated quarterly, averaging 777.000 Unit from Jun 2000 (Median) to Dec 2016, with 67 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,605.000 Unit in Dec 2016 and a record low of 564.000 Unit in Mar 2001. Russia Number of Foreign Capital Enterprises: BM: NW: City of St Petersburg data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Investment – Table RU.OE001: Number of Foreign Capital Enterprises: Big and Medium: by Region (Discontinued).

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the Russia town population distribution across 18 age groups. It lists the population in each age group along with the percentage population relative of the total population for Russia town. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population distribution of Russia town by age. For example, using this dataset, we can identify the largest age group in Russia town.

Key observations

The largest age group in Russia, New York was for the group of age 65 to 69 years years with a population of 238 (9.45%), according to the ACS 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates. At the same time, the smallest age group in Russia, New York was the 85 years and over years with a population of 15 (0.60%). Source: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates

Age groups:

• Under 5 years
• 5 to 9 years
• 10 to 14 years
• 15 to 19 years
• 20 to 24 years
• 25 to 29 years
• 30 to 34 years
• 35 to 39 years
• 40 to 44 years
• 45 to 49 years
• 50 to 54 years
• 55 to 59 years
• 60 to 64 years
• 65 to 69 years
• 70 to 74 years
• 75 to 79 years
• 80 to 84 years
• 85 years and over

Variables / Data Columns

• Age Group: This column displays the age group in consideration
• Population: The population for the specific age group in the Russia town is shown in this column.
• % of Total Population: This column displays the population of each age group as a proportion of Russia town total population. Please note that the sum of all percentages may not equal one due to rounding of values.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Russia town Population by Age. You can refer the same here

Loss Amount: Big & Medium Enterprises: Year to Date: CF: City of Moscow data was reported at 1,312,888.000 RUB mn in Jul 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 1,135,790.000 RUB mn for Jun 2023. Loss Amount: Big & Medium Enterprises: Year to Date: CF: City of Moscow data is updated monthly, averaging 211,985.124 RUB mn from May 2000 (Median) to Jul 2023, with 279 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,238,059.000 RUB mn in Dec 2022 and a record low of 2,481.000 RUB mn in Jan 2001. Loss Amount: Big & Medium Enterprises: Year to Date: CF: City of Moscow data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Investment – Table RU.OD008: Enterprises Balance (Profit less Loss): Big and Medium: ytd: Loss: by Region.

As of September 2020, Moscow had the biggest amount of public routes, among which the largest number was accounted for bus routes and tram lines. The Russian northern capital Saint Petersburg, followed next with a total number of *** routes of public transport.

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the population of Russia town by gender across 18 age groups. It lists the male and female population in each age group along with the gender ratio for Russia town. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population distribution of Russia town by gender and age. For example, using this dataset, we can identify the largest age group for both Men and Women in Russia town. Additionally, it can be used to see how the gender ratio changes from birth to senior most age group and male to female ratio across each age group for Russia town.

Key observations

Largest age group (population): Male # 65-69 years (154) | Female # 0-4 years (129). Source: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

Age groups:

• Under 5 years
• 5 to 9 years
• 10 to 14 years
• 15 to 19 years
• 20 to 24 years
• 25 to 29 years
• 30 to 34 years
• 35 to 39 years
• 40 to 44 years
• 45 to 49 years
• 50 to 54 years
• 55 to 59 years
• 60 to 64 years
• 65 to 69 years
• 70 to 74 years
• 75 to 79 years
• 80 to 84 years
• 85 years and over

Scope of gender :

Please note that American Community Survey asks a question about the respondents current sex, but not about gender, sexual orientation, or sex at birth. The question is intended to capture data for biological sex, not gender. Respondents are supposed to respond with the answer as either of Male or Female. Our research and this dataset mirrors the data reported as Male and Female for gender distribution analysis.

Variables / Data Columns

• Age Group: This column displays the age group for the Russia town population analysis. Total expected values are 18 and are define above in the age groups section.
• Population (Male): The male population in the Russia town is shown in the following column.
• Population (Female): The female population in the Russia town is shown in the following column.
• Gender Ratio: Also known as the sex ratio, this column displays the number of males per 100 females in Russia town for each age group.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Russia town Population by Gender. You can refer the same here

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the Russia population distribution across 18 age groups. It lists the population in each age group along with the percentage population relative of the total population for Russia. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population distribution of Russia by age. For example, using this dataset, we can identify the largest age group in Russia.

Key observations

The largest age group in Russia, OH was for the group of age Under 5 years years with a population of 91 (12.41%), according to the ACS 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates. At the same time, the smallest age group in Russia, OH was the 60 to 64 years years with a population of 14 (1.91%). Source: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates

Age groups:

• Under 5 years
• 5 to 9 years
• 10 to 14 years
• 15 to 19 years
• 20 to 24 years
• 25 to 29 years
• 30 to 34 years
• 35 to 39 years
• 40 to 44 years
• 45 to 49 years
• 50 to 54 years
• 55 to 59 years
• 60 to 64 years
• 65 to 69 years
• 70 to 74 years
• 75 to 79 years
• 80 to 84 years
• 85 years and over

Variables / Data Columns

• Age Group: This column displays the age group in consideration
• Population: The population for the specific age group in the Russia is shown in this column.
• % of Total Population: This column displays the population of each age group as a proportion of Russia total population. Please note that the sum of all percentages may not equal one due to rounding of values.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Russia Population by Age. You can refer the same here

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the Russia township population distribution across 18 age groups. It lists the population in each age group along with the percentage population relative of the total population for Russia township. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population distribution of Russia township by age. For example, using this dataset, we can identify the largest age group in Russia township.

Key observations

The largest age group in Russia Township, Minnesota was for the group of age 50 to 54 years years with a population of 14 (29.79%), according to the ACS 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates. At the same time, the smallest age group in Russia Township, Minnesota was the 20 to 24 years years with a population of 0 (0%). Source: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates

Age groups:

• Under 5 years
• 5 to 9 years
• 10 to 14 years
• 15 to 19 years
• 20 to 24 years
• 25 to 29 years
• 30 to 34 years
• 35 to 39 years
• 40 to 44 years
• 45 to 49 years
• 50 to 54 years
• 55 to 59 years
• 60 to 64 years
• 65 to 69 years
• 70 to 74 years
• 75 to 79 years
• 80 to 84 years
• 85 years and over

Variables / Data Columns

• Age Group: This column displays the age group in consideration
• Population: The population for the specific age group in the Russia township is shown in this column.
• % of Total Population: This column displays the population of each age group as a proportion of Russia township total population. Please note that the sum of all percentages may not equal one due to rounding of values.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Russia township Population by Age. You can refer the same here

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the Non-Hispanic population of Russia by race. It includes the distribution of the Non-Hispanic population of Russia across various race categories as identified by the Census Bureau. The dataset can be utilized to understand the Non-Hispanic population distribution of Russia across relevant racial categories.

Key observations

Of the Non-Hispanic population in Russia, the largest racial group is White alone with a population of 82 (97.85% of the total Non-Hispanic population).

https://i.neilsberg.com/ch/russia-oh-population-by-race-and-ethnicity.jpeg" alt="Russia Non-Hispanic population by race">

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2017-2021 5-Year Estimates.

Racial categories include:

• White
• Black or African American
• American Indian and Alaska Native
• Asian
• Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander
• Some other race
• Two or more races (multiracial)

Variables / Data Columns

• Race: This column displays the racial categories (for Non-Hispanic) for the Russia
• Population: The population of the racial category (for Non-Hispanic) in the Russia is shown in this column.
• % of Total Population: This column displays the percentage distribution of each race as a proportion of Russia total Non-Hispanic population. Please note that the sum of all percentages may not equal one due to rounding of values.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Russia Population by Race & Ethnicity. You can refer the same here

Number of Retail Enterprises: Big & Medium: CF: City of Moscow data was reported at 1,989.000 Unit in 2012. This records an increase from the previous number of 1,962.000 Unit for 2010. Number of Retail Enterprises: Big & Medium: CF: City of Moscow data is updated yearly, averaging 1,962.000 Unit from Dec 2001 (Median) to 2012, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,422.000 Unit in 2001 and a record low of 1,321.000 Unit in 2007. Number of Retail Enterprises: Big & Medium: CF: City of Moscow data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal State Statistics Service. The data is categorized under Russia Premium Database’s Wholesale, Retail and Catering Sector – Table RU.RJB031: Retail Sales: Number of Enterprises (Discontinued).

Among Russian cities with 250,000 to one million inhabitants, Tyumen received the highest urban environmental quality index score of *** out of 360 points in 2024, based on six criteria and six types of area. Ryazan and Yaroslavl followed with scores of *** and *** points, respectively.