At **** U.S. dollars, Switzerland has the most expensive Big Macs in the world, according to the January 2025 Big Mac index. Concurrently, the cost of a Big Mac was **** dollars in the U.S., and **** U.S. dollars in the Euro area. What is the Big Mac index? The Big Mac index, published by The Economist, is a novel way of measuring whether the market exchange rates for different countries’ currencies are overvalued or undervalued. It does this by measuring each currency against a common standard – the Big Mac hamburger sold by McDonald’s restaurants all over the world. Twice a year the Economist converts the average national price of a Big Mac into U.S. dollars using the exchange rate at that point in time. As a Big Mac is a completely standardized product across the world, the argument goes that it should have the same relative cost in every country. Differences in the cost of a Big Mac expressed as U.S. dollars therefore reflect differences in the purchasing power of each currency. Is the Big Mac index a good measure of purchasing power parity? Purchasing power parity (PPP) is the idea that items should cost the same in different countries, based on the exchange rate at that time. This relationship does not hold in practice. Factors like tax rates, wage regulations, whether components need to be imported, and the level of market competition all contribute to price variations between countries. The Big Mac index does measure this basic point – that one U.S. dollar can buy more in some countries than others. There are more accurate ways to measure differences in PPP though, which convert a larger range of products into their dollar price. Adjusting for PPP can have a massive effect on how we understand a country’s economy. The country with the largest GDP adjusted for PPP is China, but when looking at the unadjusted GDP of different countries, the U.S. has the largest economy.
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Our source data are from several places. Big Mac prices are from McDonald’s directly and from reporting around the world; exchange rates are from Thomson Reuters; GDP and population data used to calculate the euro area averages are from Eurostat and GDP per person data are from the IMF World Economic Outlook reports.
The Big Mac Index is published by The Economist as an informal way of measuring the purchasing power parity (PPP) between two currencies and provides a test of the extent to which market exchange rates result in goods costing the same in different countries. It "seeks to make exchange-rate theory a bit more digestible."
The Big Mac PPP exchange rate between two countries is obtained by dividing the price of a Big Mac in one country (in its currency) by the price of a Big Mac in another country (in its currency). This value is then compared with the actual exchange rate; if it is lower, then the first currency is under-valued (according to PPP theory) compared with the second, and conversely, if it is higher, then the first currency is over-valued.
Compare countries by seeing how long person has to work for to buy a big mac: https://www.economist.com/news/2020/07/15/the-big-mac-index
As of January 2025, Argentina had the highest Big Mac Index and Guatemala, the lowest, among the Latin American countries measured. The so-called Big Mac Index is regarded as an indicator for the purchasing power of an economy. In Guatemala, it was estimated that a Big Mac would cost an average of 4.01 U.S. dollars, while the average price for a Big Mac burger in Brazil amounted to approximately 4.03 U.S. dollars. How is the Big Mac Index calculated?The Bic Mac index has been published annually by The Economist since 1986 and is rated as a simplified indicator of a country’s individual purchasing power. As many countries have different currencies, the standardized Big Mac prices are calculated by converting the average national Big Mac prices with the latest exchange rate to U.S. dollars. The Big Mac, as the top-selling McDonald’s burger, is used for comparison because it is available in almost every country and manufactured in a standardized size, composition and quality.McDonald's in Latin AmericaMcDonald’s is a worldwide operating fast food restaurant chain with headquarters in Oak Brook, Illinois. In Latin America, McDonald's largest franchisee is Arcos Dorados Holdings, with headquarters in Montevideo, Uruguay. Brazil is the largest Latin American market for McDonald's when it comes to the size of the franchise network, as over 1,000 McDonald's restaurants are in operation in the Brazilian territory.
At 7.99 U.S. dollars, Switzerland has the most expensive Big Macs in the world, according to the January 2025 Big Mac index. Concurrently, the cost of a Big Mac was 5.79 dollars in the U.S., and 5.95 U.S. dollars in the Euro area. What is the Big Mac index? The Big Mac index, published by The Economist, is a novel way of measuring whether the market exchange rates for different countries’ currencies are overvalued or undervalued. It does this by measuring each currency against a common standard – the Big Mac hamburger sold by McDonald’s restaurants all over the world. Twice a year the Economist converts the average national price of a Big Mac into U.S. dollars using the exchange rate at that point in time. As a Big Mac is a completely standardized product across the world, the argument goes that it should have the same relative cost in every country. Differences in the cost of a Big Mac expressed as U.S. dollars therefore reflect differences in the purchasing power of each currency. Is the Big Mac index a good measure of purchasing power parity? Purchasing power parity (PPP) is the idea that items should cost the same in different countries, based on the exchange rate at that time. This relationship does not hold in practice. Factors like tax rates, wage regulations, whether components need to be imported, and the level of market competition all contribute to price variations between countries. The Big Mac index does measure this basic point – that one U.S. dollar can buy more in some countries than others. There are more accurate ways to measure differences in PPP though, which convert a larger range of products into their dollar price. Adjusting for PPP can have a massive effect on how we understand a country’s economy. The country with the largest GDP adjusted for PPP is China, but when looking at the unadjusted GDP of different countries, the U.S. has the largest economy.
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This dataset provides values for BIG MAC INDEX reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.
The so-called Big Mac index is regarded as an indicator for the purchasing power of an economy. The average price for a Big Mac burger in Mexico was estimated at 4.6 U.S. dollars in January 2025. Due to the high increases during the last few years, the Big Mac burger price became one of the highest in Latin America. Big Mac Index The Bic Mac index has been published annually by The Economist since 1986 and is rated as a simplified indicator of a country’s individual purchasing power. As many countries have different currencies, the standardized Big Mac prices are calculated by converting the average national Big Mac prices with the latest exchange rate to U.S. dollars.The Big Mac, as the top-selling McDonald’s burger, is used for comparison because it is available in almost every country and manufactured in a standardized size, composition and quality. McDonald’s is a worldwide operating fast food restaurant chain with headquarters in Oak Brook, Illinois. In Latin America, McDonald's largest franchisee is Arcos Dorados Holdings, with headquarters in Montevideo, Uruguay. Power Purchasing Parity This conversion endeavor seeks to level the purchasing power disparities among nations by neutralizing price discrepancies. Notably, in Mexico, the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) has demonstrated a consistent upward trajectory, yielding positive repercussions on the minimum wage for the labor force. This, in turn, has triggered a favorable effect on the affordability of the essential food basket. Furthermore, this upswing has propelled five major Mexican cities into the upper positions of PPP rankings within Latin America. Consequently, Mexico now stands as the 15th largest global economy, a status achieved despite a slight, yet steady, decline in its share of the global GDP, which is adjusted according to PPP metrics.
https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/ICPSR/studies/1298/termshttps://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/ICPSR/studies/1298/terms
The theory of purchasing power parity (PPP) has long been a staple of international economic analysis. Recent years have seen the rise in popularity of a tongue-in-cheek, fastfood version of PPP: The Big Mac index. In this article, Michael Pakko and Patricia Pollard describe how comparisons of Big Mac prices around the world contain the ingredients necessary to demonstrate the fundamental principles of PPP. They show that the Big Mac index does nearly as well as more comprehensive measures of international price comparisons and that deviations from "McParity" illustrate why PPP often appears not to hold as a practical matter.
In 2024, Brazil was the sixth Latin American country where buying a Big Mac was the most expensive. The so-called Big Mac index is regarded as an indicator for the purchasing power of an economy. The average price for a Big Mac burger in Brazil was estimated at **** U.S. dollars in January 2024, an increase in price in comparison to the previous year. In the past decade, the Big Mac index in Brazil went below the * dollar threshold in January 2016. Big Mac IndexThe Bic Mac index has been published annually by The Economist since 1986 and is rated as a simplified indicator of a country’s individual purchasing power. As many countries have different currencies, the standardized Big Mac prices are calculated by converting the average national Big Mac prices with the latest exchange rate to U.S. dollars.The Big Mac, as the top-selling McDonald’s burger, is used for comparison because it is available in almost every country and manufactured in a standardized size, composition and quality. McDonald’s is a worldwide operating fast food restaurant chain with headquarters in Oak Brook, Illinois. In Latin America, McDonald's largest franchisee is Arcos Dorados Holdings, with headquarters in Montevideo, Uruguay.
In January 2025, the price of a McDonald's Big Mac sandwich in Israel stood at **** U.S. dollars. By comparison, the price of a Big Mac in the Euro Area stood at **** U.S. dollars, and **** U.S. dollars in the United States. The Big Mac index is regarded as an indicator for the purchasing power parity (PPP) of global currencies. Since 2010, the price of Big Macs in Israel, as expressed in U.S. dollars, has trended upwards.
This statistic shows the average working time required to buy one Big Mac in selected cities around the world in 2018. In Nairobi, the average worker had to work for about ***** minutes to be able to purchase a Big Mac. The average wages garnered in select countries around the world based on purchasing power can be accessed here. Additional information on the Big Mac Index The Big Mac index is a tongue-in-cheek measure of purchasing power parity (PPP) created by The Economist. The index gained global attention among economists and other analysts of global economic conditions due to its relative degree of accuracy in predicting purchasing power parity among countries. In attempting to include wage differentials rankings that seek to measure how fast one can earn the money required to purchase a Big Mac incorporate average wages. In theory, the result should correlate to the ranking of average world wages adjusted for PPP. The Big Mac index is open to criticism as it is unable to take certain factors that may result in the price of a Big Mac fluctuating between countries. For example, the hospitality industry, including McDonalds, tends to employ large numbers of people on or close to the minimum wage. This is shown by the percentage of workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the minimum wage in the U.S., by industry. As a result differing levels of the minimum wage may lead McDonalds to charge a comparably higher amount for a Big Mac in that country.
In 2024, the United States accounted for 14.88 percent of global gross domestic product (GDP) after adjusting for purchasing power parity (PPP). This share was expected to decrease to 13.98 percent by 2030, which is roughly a seventh of the global total. What is PPP? The easiest way to understand purchasing power parity is the Big Mac Index, a measure developed by The Economist. The index tracks the price of the McDonald’s Big Mac burger, sold at each of its thousands of restaurants worldwide. Countries where the Big Mac is most expensive have higher purchasing power, meaning one can buy more for each unit of that currency. To calculate PPP, economists use a group of goods to calculate the ratio of the price of this group in each country. This ratio is then used to convert all countries into a standardized price level, on parity with each other. Why use PPP? A U.S. dollar in the United States does not have the same purchasing power as a dollar in China, even after considering the exchange rate. For this reason, adjusting for PPP gives an idea of what the rest of the world could buy in the United States, if prices were the same as in their home country. However, some economists argue that using PPP for comparisons between countries is inaccurate because it changes the price level differently for each country. Still, because it accounts not only for country-specific effects but also inflation and exchange rate fluctuations, PPP is a very popular metric.
The statistic shows the gross domestic product (GDP) of the United States from 1987 to 2024, with projections up until 2030. The gross domestic product of the United States in 2024 amounted to around 29.18 trillion U.S. dollars. The United States and the economy The United States’ economy is by far the largest in the world; a status which can be determined by several key factors, one being gross domestic product: A look at the GDP of the main industrialized and emerging countries shows a significant difference between US GDP and the GDP of China, the runner-up in the ranking, as well as the followers Japan, Germany and France. Interestingly, it is assumed that China will have surpassed the States in terms of GDP by 2030, but for now, the United States is among the leading countries in almost all other relevant rankings and statistics, trade and employment for example. See the U.S. GDP growth rate here. Just like in other countries, the American economy suffered a severe setback when the economic crisis occurred in 2008. The American economy entered a recession caused by the collapsing real estate market and increasing unemployment. Despite this, the standard of living is considered quite high; life expectancy in the United States has been continually increasing slightly over the past decade, the unemployment rate in the United States has been steadily recovering and decreasing since the crisis, and the Big Mac Index, which represents the global prices for a Big Mac, a popular indicator for the purchasing power of an economy, shows that the United States’ purchasing power in particular is only slightly lower than that of the euro area.
In economics, the inflation rate is a measure of the change in price of a basket of goods. The most common measure being the consumer price index. It is the percentage rate of change in price level over time, and also indicates the rate of decrease in the purchasing power of money. The annual rate of inflation for 2023, was 4.1 percent higher in the United States when compared to the previous year. More information on inflation and the consumer price index can be found on our dedicated topic page. Additionally, the monthly rate of inflation in the United States can be accessed here. Inflation and purchasing power Inflation is a key economic indicator, and gives economists and consumers alike a look at changes in prices in the wider economy. For example, if an average pair of socks costs 100 dollars one year and 105 dollars the following year, the inflation rate is five percent. This means the amount of goods an individual can purchase with a unit of currency has decreased. This concept is often referred to as purchasing power. The data presents the average rate of inflation in a year, whereas the monthly measure of inflation measures the change in prices compared with prices one year ago. For example, monthly inflation in the U.S. reached a peak in June 2022 at 9.1 percent. This means that prices were 9.1 percent higher than they were in June of 2021. The purchasing power is the extent to which a person has available funds to make purchases. The Big Mac Index has been published by The Economist since 1986 and exemplifies purchasing power on a global scale, allowing us to see note the differences between different countries currencies. Switzerland for example, has the most expensive Big Mac in the world, costing consumers 6.71 U.S. dollars as of July 2022, whereas a Big Mac cost 5.15 dollars in the United States, and 4.77 dollars in the Euro area. One of the most important tools in influencing the rate of inflation is interest rates. The Federal Reserve of the United States has the capacity to make changes to the federal interest rate . Changes to the rate of inflation are thought to be an imbalance between supply and demand. After COVID-19 related lockdowns came to an end there was a sudden increase in demand for goods and services with consumers having more funds than usual thanks to reduced spending during lockdown and government funded economic support. Additionally, supply-chain related bottlenecks also due to lockdowns around the world and the Russian invasion of Ukraine meant that there was a decrease in the supply of goods and services. By increasing the interest rate, the Federal Reserve aims to reduce spending, and thus bring demand back into balance with supply.
In 2024, the United States accounted for 14.88 percent of global gross domestic product (GDP) after adjusting for purchasing power parity (PPP). This share was expected to decrease to 13.98 percent by 2030, which is roughly a seventh of the global total. What is PPP? The easiest way to understand purchasing power parity is the Big Mac Index, a measure developed by The Economist. The index tracks the price of the McDonald’s Big Mac burger, sold at each of its thousands of restaurants worldwide. Countries where the Big Mac is most expensive have higher purchasing power, meaning one can buy more for each unit of that currency. To calculate PPP, economists use a group of goods to calculate the ratio of the price of this group in each country. This ratio is then used to convert all countries into a standardized price level, on parity with each other. Why use PPP? A U.S. dollar in the United States does not have the same purchasing power as a dollar in China, even after considering the exchange rate. For this reason, adjusting for PPP gives an idea of what the rest of the world could buy in the United States, if prices were the same as in their home country. However, some economists argue that using PPP for comparisons between countries is inaccurate because it changes the price level differently for each country. Still, because it accounts not only for country-specific effects but also inflation and exchange rate fluctuations, PPP is a very popular metric.
The US dollar index of October 2025 was lower than it was in February 2025, although still above the levels seen in early 2023. This reveals itself in a historical graphic on the past 50 years, measuring the relative strength of the U.S. dollar. This metric is different from other FX graphics that compare the U.S. dollar against other currencies. By October 1, 2025, the DXY index was around 97.66 points. The history of the DXY Index The index shown here – often referred to with the code DXY or USDX -measures the value of the U.S. dollar compared to a basket of six other foreign currencies. This basket includes the euro, the Swiss franc, the Japanese yen, the Canadian dollar, the British pound, and the Swedish króna. The index was created in 1973, after the arrival of the petrodollar and the dissolution of the Bretton Woods Agreement. Today, most of these currencies remain connected to the United States' largest trade partners. The relevance of the DXY Index The index focuses on trade and the strength of the U.S. dollar against specific currencies. It's less about inflation or devaluation, which is measured in alternative metrics like the Big Mac Index. Indeed, as the methodology behind the DXY Index has only been updated once – when the euro arrived in 1999 – some argue this composition is not accurate to the current state of the world. The price development of the U.S. dollar affects many things, including commodity prices in general.
The highest share of McDonald’s customers in Germany was recorded among the ** to ** age group, followed by those aged 30 to 39 years. McDonald’s ranked as the most visited fast food restaurant in the country.
To go or not to go
Mcdonald’s recorded fluctuating, though mostly stable revenue in Germany in recent years. While being the most popular fast food establishment in Germany, roughly a third of the German population stated they never visited McDonald’s and a quarter of consumers did so rarely. The same was true for millennials.
Big Mac prices
Globally, McDonald’s has shifted towards a franchise concept rather than continuing with company owned restaurants. One of its most famous products, the Big Mac, varies greatly in price around the world, with the most expensive one recorded in Switzerland.
Am teuersten bleibt der Big Mac in der Schweiz - auch im Januar 2025 muss man nach dem sogenannten Big-Mac-Index durchschnittlich rund 7,99 US-Dollar für einen Big Mac in der Schweiz bezahlen und damit mehr als in jedem anderen Land der Welt. Der Preis für einen Big Mac in der Schweiz ist gegenüber dem Preis von Juli 2024 um rund 0,08 US-Dollar gesunken. Wo gibt es den billigsten Big Mac der Welt? In Taiwan ist der Big Mac im Januar 2025 weltweit am günstigsten: Für einen Big Mac müssen Taiwaner:innen im Januar 2025 nur rund 2,38 US-Dollar bezahlen, im Juli 2024 sind es noch rund 0,1 US-Dollar weniger gewesen. In Europa ist der Big Mac in der Ukraine mit rund 2,86 US-Dollar am günstigsten. In der Eurozone muss man im Januar 2025 durchschnittlich 5,95 US-Dollar für einen Big Mac bezahlen und somit rund 11 US-Cent weniger als vor 6 Monaten. Vor dem russischen Überfall auf die Ukraine wurde der weltweit günstigste Big Mac in Russland verkauft. Rund 1,74 US-Dollar mussten Russen im Januar 2022 für einen Big Mac bezahlen, und jetzt? Was kostet ein Big Mac in Russland? Nichts, denn in Russland gibt es seit Mai 2022 keinen Big Mac mehr. McDonald's hat sich im Mai 2022 wegen des völkerrechtswidrigen russischen Überfalls auf die Ukraine komplett aus Russland zurückgezogen und alle Filialen verkauft. Mit Alexander Gowor hat sich aber schnell ein patriotischer kremltreuer Oligarch gefunden, um in dieser Angelegenheit nationaler Tragweite die Filialen sämtlich zu übernehmen und - sozialistisch pragmatisch - unter dem innovativen neuen Namen Wkusno i totschka (lecker und Punkt) wiederzueröffnen. Nur den Big Mac kann man wegen der Markenrechte leider nicht anbieten und somit wird Russland wohl auf absehbare Zeit nicht mehr im Big-Mac-Index vertreten sein. Breaking News - Verkaufsstart der Big-Mac-Kopie in Russland Nach gut 10 Monaten Entwicklungsarbeit hat das Science Lab von Wkusno i totschka bewiesen, was der Forschungsstandort Russland zu leisten vermag und Anfang März den "Big Hit" in seinen "lecker und Punkt-Filialen" eingeführt. Es soll sich um eine "verbesserte" Version des Big Mac handeln, allerdings lassen erste Reaktionen von Kunden darauf schließen, dass dies nicht ganz gelungen ist. Aber zumindest der Preis ist mit 186 Rubel, also derzeit (Februar 2025), mit rund 2,10 US-Dollar lecker und Punkt. Bis zum Rückzug der Konzernmutter McDonald's belegte Russland übrigens mit rund 800 Filialen im Ranking der Länder mit den meisten McDonald's Restaurants den zehnten Platz. Was ist der Big-Mac-Index und wie funktioniert er? Der Big-Mac-Index ist ein leicht verständlicher Indikator, der für den Kaufkraftvergleich von Ländern entwickelt wurde. Dieser Indikator wurde 1986 von der britischen Wochenzeitung „The Economist“ erfunden und wird halbjährlich im Januar und Juli jeden Jahres aktualisiert. Die Idee des Economist war, dass es überall auf der Welt McDonald's gibt und der Big Mac in jeder Filiale des Schnellrestaurants weltweit in standardisierter Größe, Zusammensetzung und Qualität verkauft wird. Der Erfolg des Indikators beruht auf seiner Einfachheit und darauf, dass der Big Mac wie auch McDonald's einen sehr hohen Bekanntheitsgrad haben – jeder hat schon von McDonald's und Big Mac gehört. Es handelt sich also um ein standardisiertes Produkt, das weltweit bekannt ist und konsumiert wird. Für den Preisvergleich wird der Preis für einen Big Mac in der jeweiligen Landeswährung zum aktuellen US-Dollar-Kurs umgerechnet. Je höher der umgerechnete Preis ist, desto höher wird auch die Kaufkraft im jeweiligen Land eingeschätzt. Je niedriger der umgerechnete Big Mac Preis ist, desto geringer wird die jeweilige Kaufkraft im Land eingeschätzt. Preisniveau in der Europäischen Union Zwischen den 27 Mitgliedstaaten der Europäischen Union (EU) gibt es deutliche Unterschiede im Preisniveau, was aus der Angabe des Big-Mac-Index für die Eurozone nicht direkt ersichtlich ist. Der Preisniveauindex für Verbrauchsgüter und Dienstleistungen in der Europäischen Union bietet hingegen einen detaillierten Vergleich. Während die Verbraucherpreise in Dänemark rund 38 Prozent über dem EU-Durchschnitt liegen, muss man in Bulgarien derzeit nur rund halb so viel für Verbrauchsgüter und Dienstleistungen aufwenden.
India’s share of global gross domestic product (GDP) rose to 8.25 percent in 2024 when adjusted for purchasing power parity (PPP) and was projected to increase to 10 percent by 2030. This reflects the growth of India’s economy, which is helped in this ranking by the low purchasing power of the rupee. The Indian economy A significant portion of India’s economic growth comes from a shift in the workforce from the agricultural sector to the more-productive service sector. This labor force shift is particularly significant in India because of the country’s staggering population figures. As such, changes in the Indian economy have an impact on a significant portion of the world population. What does PPP mean? The Economist magazine uses the Big Mac Index to illustrate purchasing power. Since the product should be the same in every country that has a McDonalds, the Big Mac’s price should reflect the purchasing power of each local currency. For the calculation in this statistic, economists took the prices of several standard goods (though not the Big Mac) and put them at the same level based on their prices in the local currency. Thus, the power of these currencies to purchase was put on par across countries, giving purchasing power parity. As such, this statistic can be interpreted as the relative size of the Indian economy if the whole world used the Indian rupee price levels.
In 2024, McDonald's brand value amounted to ***** billion U.S. dollars, up from *** billion dollars a year earlier – an annual increase of ** percent. The Golden Arches McDonald's started its business as a barbecue restaurant in San Bernardino, California, in 1940. Throughout the years, the company transformed into the leading fast-food franchise with the famous Golden Arches logo. As of May 2023, McDonald's ranked among the largest companies worldwide by market capitalization. Furthermore, the food behemoth was the highest-valued quick-service restaurant chain in the world by a wide margin in 2023, beating competitors such as Starbucks, KFC, and Burger King. More than a hamburger McDonald's operates in over 100 countries and produces its most famous hamburger, the Big Mac. This fact provides an informal measure of purchasing power parity between countries – namely the Big Mac Index, introduced by The Economist in 1986. According to the index, Switzerland had the most expensive Big Macs worldwide at **** dollars as of January 2023. Norway and Uruguay followed at **** dollars and **** dollars, respectively.
This statistic shows the average prices for home electronics and household appliances in selected cities around the world in 2018. In 2018, home electronics and household appliances (based on the predefined basket of the survey) were most expensive in Budapest, with a cost of ***** US dollars for the basket of goods.
To get an overview on how prices compare around the world, have a look at the Economist's Big Mac Index.
At **** U.S. dollars, Switzerland has the most expensive Big Macs in the world, according to the January 2025 Big Mac index. Concurrently, the cost of a Big Mac was **** dollars in the U.S., and **** U.S. dollars in the Euro area. What is the Big Mac index? The Big Mac index, published by The Economist, is a novel way of measuring whether the market exchange rates for different countries’ currencies are overvalued or undervalued. It does this by measuring each currency against a common standard – the Big Mac hamburger sold by McDonald’s restaurants all over the world. Twice a year the Economist converts the average national price of a Big Mac into U.S. dollars using the exchange rate at that point in time. As a Big Mac is a completely standardized product across the world, the argument goes that it should have the same relative cost in every country. Differences in the cost of a Big Mac expressed as U.S. dollars therefore reflect differences in the purchasing power of each currency. Is the Big Mac index a good measure of purchasing power parity? Purchasing power parity (PPP) is the idea that items should cost the same in different countries, based on the exchange rate at that time. This relationship does not hold in practice. Factors like tax rates, wage regulations, whether components need to be imported, and the level of market competition all contribute to price variations between countries. The Big Mac index does measure this basic point – that one U.S. dollar can buy more in some countries than others. There are more accurate ways to measure differences in PPP though, which convert a larger range of products into their dollar price. Adjusting for PPP can have a massive effect on how we understand a country’s economy. The country with the largest GDP adjusted for PPP is China, but when looking at the unadjusted GDP of different countries, the U.S. has the largest economy.