This statistic shows the biggest cities in Vietnam in 2019. In 2019, approximately nine million people lived in Thành Phố Hồ Chí Minh (Ho Chi Minh City), making it the biggest city in Vietnam.

In 2024, Ho Chi Minh City was the largest municipality in Vietnam, with a population of over *** million people. Home to over eight million people, Ha Noi ranking second, followed by Hai Phong. There are five municipalities in Vietnam, which are also the leading urban cities in the country.

In 2024, the population density in Ho Chi Minh City reached ***** inhabitants per square kilometer, making the largest city of Vietnam also the most crowded. Ha Noi, the capital, was much less crowded, with ***** people per square kilometer. In both Da Nang and Can Tho, this figure stayed around *** inhabitants per square kilometer.

Population in largest city in Vietnam was reported at 9567656 in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Vietnam - Population in largest city - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Population in the largest city (% of urban population) in Vietnam was reported at 23.57 % in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Vietnam - Population in the largest city - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

In 2023, the population density in Ho Chi Minh City reached 4,513 inhabitants per square kilometer, making the largest city of Vietnam also the most crowded. Ha Noi, the capital, was much less crowded, with 2,556 people per square kilometer. In both Da Nang and Can Tho, this figure stayed around 900 inhabitants per square kilometer.

Vietnam VN: Population in Largest City: as % of Urban Population data was reported at 23.394 % in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 23.302 % for 2016. Vietnam VN: Population in Largest City: as % of Urban Population data is updated yearly, averaging 23.202 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2017, with 58 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 29.151 % in 1960 and a record low of 21.883 % in 1993. Vietnam VN: Population in Largest City: as % of Urban Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Vietnam – Table VN.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Population in largest city is the percentage of a country's urban population living in that country's largest metropolitan area.; ; United Nations, World Urbanization Prospects.; Weighted average;

Vietnam VN: Population in Largest City data was reported at 7,870,501.000 Person in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 7,604,915.000 Person for 2016. Vietnam VN: Population in Largest City data is updated yearly, averaging 2,905,317.000 Person from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2017, with 58 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7,870,501.000 Person in 2017 and a record low of 1,400,000.000 Person in 1960. Vietnam VN: Population in Largest City data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Vietnam – Table VN.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Population in largest city is the urban population living in the country's largest metropolitan area.; ; United Nations, World Urbanization Prospects.; ;

In 2024, the urban population in Vietnam stood at approximately 39 million people. The six largest urban agglomerations include Hanoi, Hai Phong, Da Nang, Bien Hoa, Ho Chi Minh City, and Can Tho. On the other hand, Ben Tre, Thai Binh, and Bac Giang had the lowest rates of urbanization in the country. Urbanization in Vietnam The rapid urbanization in Vietnam results in a disproportionate population density between its urban and rural areas. For instance, in 2022, Ho Chi Minh City recorded a population density of 4,481 inhabitants per square kilometer, nearly 15 times the country's average population density in the same year. The urban population is consistently increasing due to the country’s economic reforms and infrastructure development, as well as higher living standards. For example, the monthly income per capita in urban areas is nearly half as much as that in rural areas. Nevertheless, the poverty rate in Vietnam has been consistently diminishing each year, roughly at 4.2 percent as of 2022. Urban infrastructure in Vietnam Vietnam has made significant progress in developing its urban infrastructure, especially in major cities like Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. The expansion of highways, seaports, and airports has enhanced domestic and international connectivity, as well as greatly contributed to the country’s logistic industry. For instance, Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City are developing a metro system which is expected to be put into operation in 2024. The country has also invested in modern healthcare facilities, schools, and commercial centers. However, challenges such as traffic jams, limited public transportation services, and environmental pollution still require significant efforts to meet the growing demands of the Vietnamese urban population.

In 2023, Ho Chi Minh City was the largest municipality in Vietnam, with a population of over 9.5 million people. Home to over eight million people, Ha Noi ranking second, followed by Hai Phong. There are five municipalities in Vietnam, which are also the leading urban cities in the country.

This horizontal bar chart displays universities by city using the aggregation count in Vietnam. The data is about universities.

This horizontal bar chart displays female population (people) by capital city using the aggregation sum in Vietnam. The data is filtered where the date is 2021. The data is about countries per year.

In 2023, citizens of Ho Chi Minh City and Ha Noi had the highest monthly average monthly income per capita among Vietnam's four major cities, amounting to more than *** million Vietnamese dong. People living in Da Nang had a slightly lower monthly income per capita that year, reaching an average of **** million Vietnamese dong. In that year, the monthly average income per capita of the whole country was at **** million Vietnamese dong.

Abstract

The STEP (Skills Toward Employment and Productivity) Measurement program is the first ever initiative to generate internationally comparable data on skills available in developing countries. The program implements standardized surveys to gather information on the supply and distribution of skills and the demand for skills in labor market of low-income countries.

The uniquely-designed Household Survey includes modules that measure the cognitive skills (reading, writing and numeracy), socio-emotional skills (personality, behavior and preferences) and job-specific skills (subset of transversal skills with direct job relevance) of a representative sample of adults aged 15 to 64 living in urban areas, whether they work or not. The cognitive skills module also incorporates a direct assessment of reading literacy based on the Survey of Adults Skills instruments. Modules also gather information about family, health and language.

Geographic coverage

The survey covers the urban area of two largest cities of Vietnam, Ha Noi and HCMCT.

Analysis unit

The units of analysis are the individual respondents and households. A household roster is undertaken at the start of the survey and the individual respondent is randomly selected among all household members aged 15 to 64 included. The random selection process was designed by the STEP team and compliance with the procedure is carefully monitored during fieldwork.

Universe

The STEP target population is the population aged 15 to 64 included, living in urban areas, as defined by each country's statistical office. In Vietnam, the target population comprised all people from 15-64 years old living in urban areas in Ha Noi and Ho Chi Minh City (HCM).

The reasons for selection of these two cities include :

(i) They are two biggest cities of Vietnam, so they would have all urban characteristics needed for STEP study, and (ii) It is less costly to conduct STEP survey in these to cities, compared to all urban areas of Vietnam, given limitation of survey budget.

• The target population is not representative for the national urban population.

The following are excluded from the sample:

• Residents of institutions (prisons, hospitals, etc)
• Residents of senior homes and hospices
• Residents of other group dwellings such as college dormitories, halfway homes, workers' quarters, etc
• Persons living outside the country at the time of data collection

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

• The sample of 3405 households was selected from 227 urban Enumeration Areas (EAs) in Ha Noi (107 EAs) and Ho Chi Minh City (120 EAs). From each EA 15 households were selected, so the number of households selected in Ha Noi was 1245 HHs, and in HCM, 2160 HHs.
• The 2009 Population and Housing Census was used as a sample frame.
• Regarding PSUs (EAs), the sampling frame is the list of 15% of total EAs of the 2009 Population Census. Data items on the frame for PSU include provincecode, districtcode, commune code, and EA code; address of EA, number of households.
• Regarding ultimate sampling units (households), sampling frame is a list of (100) households in each EA. Data items on the frame for ultimate sampling units (households) include names of heads of households.

The sample frame includes the list of urban EAs and the count of households for each EA. Changes of the EAs list and household list would impact on coverage of sample frame. In a recent review of Ha Noi, there were only 3 EAs either new or destroyed from 140 randomly selected Eas (2%). GSO would increase the coverage of sample frame (>95% as standard) by updating the household list of the selected Eas before selecting households for STEP.

A detailed description of the sample design is available in section 4 of the NSDPR provided with the metadata. On completion of the household listing operation, GSO will deliver to the World Bank a copy of the lists, and an Excel spreadsheet with the total number of households listed in each of the 227 visited PSUs.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The STEP survey instruments include: (i) a Background Questionnaire developed by the WB STEP team (ii) a Reading Literacy Assessment developed by Educational Testing Services (ETS).

All countries adapted and translated both instruments following the STEP Technical Standards: 2 independent translators adapted and translated the Background Questionnaire and Reading Literacy Assessment, while reconciliation was carried out by a third translator. The WB STEP team and ETS collaborated closely with the survey firms during the process and reviewed the adaptation and translation to Vietnamese (using a back translation). - The survey instruments were both piloted as part of the survey pretest. - The adapted Background Questionnaires are provided in English as external resources. The Reading Literacy Assessment is protected by copyright and will not be published.

Cleaning operations

STEP Data Management Process 1. Raw data is sent by the survey firm 2. The WB STEP team runs data checks on the Background Questionnaire data. - ETS runs data checks on the Reading Literacy Assessment data. - Comments and questions are sent back to the survey firm. 3. The survey firm reviews comments and questions. When a data entry error is identified, the survey firm corrects the data. 4. The WB STEP team and ETS check the data files are clean. This might require additional iterations with the survey firm. 5. Once the data has been checked and cleaned, the WB STEP team computes the weights. Weights are computed by the STEP team to ensure consistency across sampling methodologies. 6. ETS scales the Reading Literacy Assessment data. 7. The WB STEP team merges the Background Questionnaire data with the Reading Literacy Assessment data and computes derived variables.

Detailed information data processing in STEP surveys is provided in the 'Guidelines for STEP Data Entry Programs' document provided as an external resource. The template do-file used by the STEP team to check the raw background questionnaire data is provided as an external resource.

Response rate

The response rate for Vietnam (urban) was 62%. (See STEP Methodology Note Table 4).

Sampling error estimates

A weighting documentation was prepared for each participating country and provides some information on sampling errors. All country weighting documentations are provided as an external resource.

This horizontal bar chart displays net migration (people) by capital city using the aggregation sum in Vietnam. The data is filtered where the date is 2021. The data is about countries per year.

Currently, COVID-19 vaccinations are being conducted all over the world. However, the vaccination process may take some time to complete; it needs citizens’ willingness to participate as quickly as possible. Hanoi is one of the most populous cities in Vietnam, with a population of approximately eight million people, so it is generally believed to be a potential disease epicenter. Our study aims to advance the understanding of Hanoian inhabitants’ perceptions of and their willingness to participate in COVID-19 vaccinations. A random sampling technique and an online survey were conducted in Hanoi in March 2021. A total of 520 adults representing 520 households in different districts joined this investigation. The content of this study was divided into four sectors: (1) residents’ perceptions of the COVID-19 pandemic; (2) their understanding of the COVID-19 vaccine; (3) their willingness to opt for the COVID-19 vaccine; and (4) respondents’ demographic information.

This horizontal bar chart displays inflation (annual %) by capital city using the aggregation median in Vietnam. The data is filtered where the date is 2021. The data is about countries per year.

Abstract

On 15 February 2007, the General Statistics Office's Director General issued Decree N 1430/QD-TCTK on the Plan of the 1 April 2007 Population Change and Family Planning Survey. This sample survey is conducted annually with the purpose to collect information on population, population changes (fertility, mortality and migration), contraceptive used and induced abortion as well.

Since the Population and Housing Census 1999, there has been a remarkably increasing demand for information on population changes, labour force and contraceptive used. Policy makers, development planners, researchers, international organizagtions and mass media have always requested GSO to provide key data collected from the survey. Survey data has helped the Party and Government agencies at the central level assess the implementation of key population indicators, trend and social economic characteristics of the population.

The purposes and demands of the survey are as follows: - Collect basic information on population and the change of fertility, mortality, migration; - Measure the coverage of contraceptive uses, menstrual regulation and induced abortion; - Collect basic information for calculating national statistics indicators in term of population indicator group.

The above-mentioned information represents the provincial/city, rural/urban and national levels as well.

Geographic coverage

National level Provincial/City level Rural/Urban

Analysis unit

• Individual
• Administrative unit

Universe

• All usual residents of the household (who have actually lived in the household or have recently moved to live permanently in the household without distinguishing whether these persons were registered as permanent residents by the police or not).
• Currently married women aged 15-49 (for information on family planning).
• Those who were ever considered as usual residents of the household but died from 29/01/2007 (that is, 1st of last lunar new year - BINH TUAT) to the end of 31/3/2007.
• Dead persons (infant deaths and adult deaths of the household occurred from 29/1/2006 to the end of 31/3/2007)

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Sample Frame The sample of the 2007 Population Change and Family Planning Survey was a sample used in the 2006 population change and family planning survey, with its units being randomly selected from the lists of enumeration areas (EAs) which were established in the 1999 population and housing census.

Determination of Sample Size and Sample Allocation To ensure an obtainment of sample estimates representative for provinces, cities, the sample was allocated inversely to population size. As a result, each province had a sample size of about 60 enumeration areas with an average of 100 households per EA. Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh city are the two most populous and complicated cities, so they had a selection of over 70 EAs. Provinces with smaller population size also had a sample size of nearly 60 EAs.

The sample of the survey was a stratified cluster sample, in which each province constituted the main clusters (64 strata) with two sub-clusters within each representing "rural" and "urban" areas. The allocation of sample units in each stratum was done using the systematic random sampling method.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Questionnaire used in the 2007 Population Change and Family Planning Survey had three sections: 1. General information on population: 2. Information of those who were ever considered as usual residents of the household but died from 29/1/2006 (that is, 1st of last lunar new year - BINH TUAT) to the end of 31/3/2007. 3. Information on fertility, reproductive health of women aged 15-49 years and above

Cleaning operations

Data entry and editing were carried out at three GSO's statistical informatics centers (Ha Noi, Da Nang and Ho Chi Minh City). Each center established a computer network to process the survey data. Each network included a server and a number of personal computers. The networks in Da Nang and Ho Chi Minh City were connected with the center in Hanoi.

A number of consistency checks were carried out and this was followed by data edition. As soon as data entry for a province was completed, a list of inconsistencies was printed out for verification and correction, and then data files were updated with these corrections.

Sampling error estimates

Calculation of sampling errors

In order to facilitate in-depth studies on sample reliability of some key indicators, sampling errors were calculated for the following variables:

Contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR);

Contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) for modern methods;

Immigration rate;

Total fertility rate (TFR);

Crude birth rate (CBR);

Crude death rate (CDR).

The sampling errors for these variables were calculated for national, urban/rural, and regional levels

The Vietnam ride-hailing market, valued at $880 million in 2025, is experiencing robust growth, projected to expand at a 19.5% Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key factors. Increasing urbanization and rising disposable incomes within Vietnam are driving greater demand for convenient and affordable transportation options. The proliferation of smartphones and readily available internet access has significantly increased the adoption of ride-hailing apps, contributing to the market's rapid growth. Furthermore, the expansion of e-commerce and the rise of delivery services are creating synergistic opportunities for ride-hailing companies to diversify their revenue streams beyond passenger transportation. The market is segmented by vehicle type (passenger cars and motorcycles), propulsion type (ICE and electric), and geographic location, with major cities like Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, and others contributing significantly to overall market size. Competition is fierce, with established players like Grab, Gojek (now GoViet), and Vinasun competing with newer entrants and local companies. The ongoing development of electric vehicle infrastructure in Vietnam presents a considerable opportunity for ride-hailing services to transition towards more sustainable and environmentally friendly operations, further shaping future market dynamics. Regulatory changes and government initiatives concerning traffic management and environmental sustainability could impact the growth trajectory in the coming years. The competitive landscape necessitates continuous innovation and strategic adaptations by ride-hailing companies. Factors such as driver compensation models, technological advancements in app functionality (including enhanced safety features and payment options), and effective marketing strategies will play critical roles in market share acquisition and retention. Expansion into underserved areas and targeting specific demographic groups are also crucial strategies for growth. The market's future success will largely depend on the companies' ability to navigate these challenges, adapt to evolving consumer preferences, and capitalize on emerging opportunities related to technological advancements and sustainable transportation solutions. This comprehensive report provides an in-depth analysis of the rapidly evolving Vietnam ride-hailing market, covering the period from 2019 to 2033. With a base year of 2025 and a forecast period extending to 2033, this report offers invaluable insights for businesses, investors, and policymakers seeking to understand this dynamic sector. The report analyzes market trends, competitive landscapes, and future growth potential, incorporating data from key players like Grab, Gojek, and Vinasun, alongside emerging players such as Xanh SM and Mai Linh. We delve into crucial market segments including motorcycle taxis, passenger cars, ICE vehicles, electric vehicles, and regional breakdowns focusing on major cities such as Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, as well as expanding provinces like Binh Duong and Dong Nai. The report's detailed analysis of market size (in millions of USD), key drivers, challenges, and emerging trends, makes it an indispensable resource for navigating the complexities of the Vietnam ride-hailing market. Recent developments include: March 2024: Following successful launches in Vientiane and the tourist town of Vang Vieng, Xanh SM Laos officially expanded its electric taxi service to Savannakhet Province. This marks Xanh SM’s next step in brand development and the company’s continued commitment toward promoting electric vehicles and environmental protection worldwide., January 2024: Mai Linh Corporation expanded its services in Hanoi, Da Nang, and DongNai to further strengthen its legacy in the ride-hailing market., October 2023: Gojek, the Indonesian technology firm, announced its expansion into Binh Duong (Di An, Thuan An, and Thu Dau Mot) and Dong Nai (Bien Hoa) provinces, situated as neighboring cities to Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC)., June 2023: VinFast announced the launch of VF 3, a mini electric car model designed for the Vietnamese market. The VinFast VF 3, categorized as a mini car, presents various advantages, rendering it appropriate for diverse applications and conditions.. Key drivers for this market are: Increased Travel and Tourism to Provide Long-term Momentum in Market, Increased Internet and Smartphone Penetration to Drive Market Demand. Potential restraints include: High Purchase and Maintenance Costs. Notable trends are: Passenger Cars will Continue to be the Largest Segment.

Abstract

This Labour Force Survey was conducted by the General Statistics Office of Viet Nam in 2014. The main objectives of the surveys are to collect basic information on Viet Nam's labour market in 2014 in accordance with previous LFS studies and international standards. The data was collected using two-stage stratified sampling; the sampling frame is the sample 15% enumeration areas of the 2009 Population and Housing Census.The sample size of the survey is 50,640 households per quarter, equivalent to 16,880 households per month. Data covers the whole country, urban/rural areas; 6 socio-economic regions, Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh city for quarterly and all 63 centrally governed provinces for yearly.

The target universe includes population ages 15 and over. Sampling units are households; all eligible individuals in sampled households comprise the sample for the survey.

This is an in-depth survey with complicated contents. For each month, 12 to 22 enumeration areas per province are selected, 15-20 households are enumerated at each of the enumeration areas (for Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, there are 80 and 63 enumeration areas, respectively).

Geographic coverage

Whole country

Analysis unit

• Households
• Individuals ages 15 and above

Universe

Population ages 15 and over (working age population).

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sample size of the survey is 50,640 households per quarter, equivalent to 16,880 households per month. Sample size was designed to ensure the statistical significance of data for region by quarter and for province by year. Households were randomly selected from the 15% sample enumeration areas of the Population and Housing Census 2009 following a two-stage procedure: 1. Selecting enumeration areas 2. Selecting households. All residents ages 15 and above were interviewed and enumerated.

Sample Frame: The sample of the 2014 Labour force survey is the two-stage stratified sample, presented for the whole country, urban/rural areas; 6 socio-economic regions, Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City for quarterly and all centrally governed cities/provinces for yearly. Each centrally governed province, city constitutes a main stratum with two sub-stratums of urban areas and rural areas. The sample frame is the 15% sample enumeration areas of the 2009 Population and Housing Census.

Sample design: The survey followed a two-stage stratified sampling procedure designed as follows: - Stage 1 (selecting enumeration areas): Each centrally governed city/province constitutes a main stratum, after that, each main stratum was divided into 2 sub-stratums within each representing "urban" and "rural" areas. Then, the list of enumeration areas of cities/provinces (the master sampling frame was taken from the sampling frame 15% of the Population and Housing Census 2009) was divided into 2 independent samples (urban and rural) and enumeration areas were chosen by the Kish method. - Stage 2 (selecting households): for each enumeration area defined in stage 1, 15 enumeration households (55 provinces) or 20 enumeration households (8 provinces: Cao Bang, Bac Kan, Lao Cai, Lai Chau, Kon Tum, Gia Lai, ?ak Nong v? Binh D??ng) were systematically chosen.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Single questionnaire covering: - Household characteristcs - Individual characterists for those ages 15 and over as well as information on economic activity or inactivity