The gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate of all major economies included except China was negative in 2020 following the COVID-19 pandemic. Growth rates were positive again in 2021, but stagnated in some countries in 2023 amid high inflation rates. What does GDP measure? GDP is the sum of all consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports in an economy. As such, different things drive the growth of each of these countries. Germany benefits from a high value of net exports, also known as its trade balance. Drawbacks of GDP growth as a metric GDP measures growth, but it does not capture welfare gains correctly in many cases. For example, carbon dioxide emissions often go hand in hand with a growing GDP. These emissions are from industry, such as coal power plants, or consumption, such as driving cars, but GDP does not measure the damage from these activities. Also, national debt is not incorporated into GDP.

Key information about United States Private Consumption: % of GDP

• United States Private Consumption accounted for 68.8 % of its Nominal GDP in Dec 2024, compared with a ratio of 67.7 % in the previous quarter.
• US Private Consumption contribution to Nominal GDP ratio is updated quarterly, available from Mar 1947 to Dec 2024, with an average share of 63.5 %.
• The data reached an all-time high of 68.8 % in Dec 2024 and a record low of 57.7 % in Mar 1952.

• In the latest reports, US GDP expanded 1.8 % YoY in Mar 2023.
• Its Nominal GDP reached 6,632.4 USD bn in Mar 2023.
• US GDP Per Capita reached 59,484.0 USD in Dec 2017.
• Its Gross Savings Rate was measured at 16.0 % in Mar 2023.

Key information about China Private Consumption: % of GDP

• China Private Consumption accounted for 39.6 % of its Nominal GDP in Dec 2023, compared with a ratio of 37.8 % in the previous year.
• China Private Consumption contribution to Nominal GDP ratio is updated yearly, available from Dec 1952 to Dec 2023, with an average share of 49.3 %.
• The data reached an all-time high of 70.8 % in Dec 1962 and a record low of 34.9 % in Dec 2010.

• In the latest reports, China GDP expanded 4.5 % YoY in Mar 2023.
• Its Nominal GDP reached 4,166.8 USD bn in Mar 2023.
• China GDP Per Capita reached 12,621.7 USD in Dec 2023.
• Its Gross Savings Rate was measured at 44.3 % in Dec 2023.

In 2024, the industrial sector generated around 30.1 percent of China's GDP. It was by far the largest contributor, followed by the wholesale and retail industry that was responsible for 10.2 percent and the financial sector that produced 7.3 percent of the country's economic output. Since China is the second-largest economy in the world, the industrial sector’s output alone exceeded the entire economy of Germany. China’s export and investment-driven economy China economic development of the early 2000s was mainly driven by investments and exports. A country's gross domestic product (GDP) consists of three parts: Consumption, investments, and net exports. Typically, emerging economies rely mainly on investments and exports for growing their economy and China was no exception. By the end of the 2010s, investments fueled more than 40 percent of China's GDP and exports were responsible for almost another 20 percent. In comparison to that, in most developed economies, investments make up only 20 percent of the economic output. Instead, the main economic driver is consumption. The economic structure in China created a huge industrial sector. For instance, China was the biggest steel exporter, the leading merchandise exporter, and exported more than a third of global household goods. Great push towards transformation In early 2018, the Chinese government proclaimed that the country's economy had reached a new development stage where consumption and services replaced investment and manufacturing as the main driver of economic growth. The fear of the middle-income trap and changing demographics were the main reasons for Beijing's emphasis on economic transformation. Although incomes in China had not stagnated, policymakers attempted to preempt “getting stuck” by steering the economy towards high-quality growth and consumption-focus. Furthermore, a society that was older and had a higher share of middle-class population had different requirements to the economy. In the case of a successful transformation, China's economy would become more similar to those of developed nations. For instance, the financial sector was the largest contributor to the United States economy. In the case of Germany, the service sector generates the largest share of gross domestic product.

Over the past half a century, the world's electricity consumption has continuously grown, reaching approximately 27,000 terawatt-hours by 2023. Between 1980 and 2023, electricity consumption more than tripled, while the global population reached eight billion people. Growth in industrialization and electricity access across the globe have further boosted electricity demand. China's economic rise and growth in global power use Since 2000, China's GDP has recorded an astonishing 15-fold increase, turning it into the second-largest global economy, behind only the United States. To fuel the development of its billion-strong population and various manufacturing industries, China requires more energy than any other country. As a result, it has become the largest electricity consumer in the world. Electricity consumption per capita In terms of per capita electricity consumption, China and other BRIC countries are still vastly outpaced by developed economies with smaller population sizes. Iceland, with a population of less than half a million inhabitants, consumes by far the most electricity per person in the world. Norway, Qatar, Canada, and the United States also have among the highest consumption rates. Multiple contributing factors such as the existence of power-intensive industries, household sizes, living situations, appliance and efficiency standards, and access to alternative heating fuels determine the amount of electricity the average person requires in each country.

Hong Kong HK: GDP: Growth: Household Final Consumption Expenditure per Capita data was reported at 4.757 % in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.356 % for 2016. Hong Kong HK: GDP: Growth: Household Final Consumption Expenditure per Capita data is updated yearly, averaging 5.222 % from Dec 1962 (Median) to 2017, with 56 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 15.046 % in 1977 and a record low of -6.282 % in 1998. Hong Kong HK: GDP: Growth: Household Final Consumption Expenditure per Capita data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hong Kong SAR – Table HK.World Bank.WDI: Gross Domestic Product: Annual Growth Rate. Annual percentage growth of household final consumption expenditure per capita, which is calculated using household final consumption expenditure in constant 2010 prices and World Bank population estimates. Household final consumption expenditure (private consumption) is the market value of all goods and services, including durable products (such as cars, washing machines, and home computers), purchased by households. It excludes purchases of dwellings but includes imputed rent for owner-occupied dwellings. It also includes payments and fees to governments to obtain permits and licenses. Here, household consumption expenditure includes the expenditures of nonprofit institutions serving households, even when reported separately by the country.; ; World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; Weighted average;

Morocco MA: GDP: Growth: Final Consumption Expenditure: General Government data was reported at 0.800 % in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2.062 % for 2016. Morocco MA: GDP: Growth: Final Consumption Expenditure: General Government data is updated yearly, averaging 2.899 % from Dec 1961 (Median) to 2017, with 57 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 44.345 % in 1976 and a record low of -11.577 % in 1983. Morocco MA: GDP: Growth: Final Consumption Expenditure: General Government data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Morocco – Table MA.World Bank.WDI: Gross Domestic Product: Annual Growth Rate. Annual percentage growth of general government final consumption expenditure based on constant local currency. Aggregates are based on constant 2010 U.S. dollars. General government final consumption expenditure (general government consumption) includes all government current expenditures for purchases of goods and services (including compensation of employees). It also includes most expenditures on national defense and security, but excludes government military expenditures that are part of government capital formation.; ; World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; Weighted average;

Global Sharing Economy market size was USD 145.22 Billion in 2022. Sharing Economy Industry's Compound Annual Growth Rate will be 32.6% from 2023 to 2030. What is driving the Sharing Economy Market?

The proliferation of advanced digital platforms and devices

In recent years, the sharing economy has changed the way individuals share and conduct transactions in digital areas. The recent technological advancements have enabled transactions to take place on demand, to be precisely measurable in time and thus more scalable, and to be dynamically matched through an online platform. Advanced digital platforms and devices, such as smartphones and high-speed internet, have increased connectivity. This connectivity enables sharing economy platforms to connect providers and consumers effortlessly. People can easily access sharing economy services through mobile apps or websites, facilitating resource and service sharing. Digital platforms provide users with easy access to information about available resources and services. Through sharing economy platforms, individuals can quickly find and compare options, making it convenient to rent or share assets. The availability of detailed listings, photos, reviews, and ratings helps users make informed decisions and build trust in the sharing economy ecosystem. The companies in the sharing economy are growing as a result of profound shifts in consumer behavior. One of the major players in sharing economy is Uber which has in just a few years completely transformed industries and became the largest player in the sharing economy. Uber manages around 157 000 rides globally on an average day. According to Uber, 131 million people used Uber in 2022, an 11% increase by 2021. Moreover, the increasing adoption of smartphones is supporting the growth of the sharing economy. Smartphones provide individuals with constant access to sharing economy platforms, enabling on-the-go booking, real-time communication with service providers, and instant updates. The convenience and mobility offered by smartphones have significantly expanded the reach and usage of sharing economy services. According to the source GSMA Intelligence, smartphones accounted for 68% of total mobile connections in 2020,8 compared to 64% in 2019 and 47% in 2016 across the world. Thus, the increasing usage of smartphones globally led to adopt the digital platforms, which in turn fuels the growth of the sharing economy. Furthermore, the development of advanced digital platforms prioritizes user experience and offers intuitive interfaces by allowing individuals to easily navigate and interact with the platforms. Companies are increasingly expanding their business in the shared mobility industry and developing innovative platforms for users. For instance, Force Motors launched a next-generation shared mobility platform called Urbania. The simplicity and convenience of these platforms make it easy for users to engage in sharing activities, accelerating the growth of the sharing economy market. These technological advancements for the development of cost-effective products have been contributing to driving the growth and adoption of sharing economy services.

Changing consumer preferences fuels the market growth


Rising focus on sustainability and environmental consciousness (Access Detailed Analysis in the Full Report Version)


Substantial growth of the entertainment industry (Access Detailed Analysis in the Full Report Version)

Introduction of Sharing Economy

The sharing economy is an economic model defined as a peer-to-peer (P2P) based activity of providing, acquiring, or sharing access to goods and services that is often facilitated by a community-based online platform. Sharing economy (SE) is a relatively new field of economics, gaining more traction from various industries. It has several applications in materials, transportation, hospitality, and sharing of information and knowledge. SE is related to various economic and environmental aspects such as sustainability, environment-friendly practices, circularity, less production, and more responsible use of resources. Sharing economy helps connect goods and services seekers with their providers using technology. It helps businesses reduce costs and increase efficiency along with environment-friendly choices for consumers. Further, some prominent factors that led to the boost of economy sharing are...

United States US: Survey Mean Consumption or Income per Capita: Total Population: Annualized Average Growth Rate data was reported at 1.670 % in 2016. United States US: Survey Mean Consumption or Income per Capita: Total Population: Annualized Average Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 1.670 % from Dec 2016 (Median) to 2016, with 1 observations. United States US: Survey Mean Consumption or Income per Capita: Total Population: Annualized Average Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.World Bank.WDI: Poverty. The growth rate in the welfare aggregate of the total population is computed as the annualized average growth rate in per capita real consumption or income of the total population in the income distribution in a country from household surveys over a roughly 5-year period. Mean per capita real consumption or income is measured at 2011 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) using the PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet). For some countries means are not reported due to grouped and/or confidential data. The annualized growth rate is computed as (Mean in final year/Mean in initial year)^(1/(Final year - Initial year)) - 1. The reference year is the year in which the underlying household survey data was collected. In cases for which the data collection period bridged two calendar years, the first year in which data were collected is reported. The initial year refers to the nearest survey collected 5 years before the most recent survey available, only surveys collected between 3 and 7 years before the most recent survey are considered. The final year refers to the most recent survey available between 2011 and 2015. Growth rates for Iraq are based on survey means of 2005 PPP$. The coverage and quality of the 2011 PPP price data for Iraq and most other North African and Middle Eastern countries were hindered by the exceptional period of instability they faced at the time of the 2011 exercise of the International Comparison Program. See PovcalNet for detailed explanations.; ; World Bank, Global Database of Shared Prosperity (GDSP) circa 2010-2015 (http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/brief/global-database-of-shared-prosperity).; ; The comparability of welfare aggregates (consumption or income) for the chosen years T0 and T1 is assessed for every country. If comparability across the two surveys is a major concern for a country, the selection criteria are re-applied to select the next best survey year(s). Annualized growth rates are calculated between the survey years, using a compound growth formula. The survey years defining the period for which growth rates are calculated and the type of welfare aggregate used to calculate the growth rates are noted in the footnotes.

United States US: Survey Mean Consumption or Income per Capita: Bottom 40% of Population: Annualized Average Growth Rate data was reported at 1.310 % in 2016. United States US: Survey Mean Consumption or Income per Capita: Bottom 40% of Population: Annualized Average Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 1.310 % from Dec 2016 (Median) to 2016, with 1 observations. United States US: Survey Mean Consumption or Income per Capita: Bottom 40% of Population: Annualized Average Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.World Bank.WDI: Poverty. The growth rate in the welfare aggregate of the bottom 40% is computed as the annualized average growth rate in per capita real consumption or income of the bottom 40% of the population in the income distribution in a country from household surveys over a roughly 5-year period. Mean per capita real consumption or income is measured at 2011 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) using the PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet). For some countries means are not reported due to grouped and/or confidential data. The annualized growth rate is computed as (Mean in final year/Mean in initial year)^(1/(Final year - Initial year)) - 1. The reference year is the year in which the underlying household survey data was collected. In cases for which the data collection period bridged two calendar years, the first year in which data were collected is reported. The initial year refers to the nearest survey collected 5 years before the most recent survey available, only surveys collected between 3 and 7 years before the most recent survey are considered. The final year refers to the most recent survey available between 2011 and 2015. Growth rates for Iraq are based on survey means of 2005 PPP$. The coverage and quality of the 2011 PPP price data for Iraq and most other North African and Middle Eastern countries were hindered by the exceptional period of instability they faced at the time of the 2011 exercise of the International Comparison Program. See PovcalNet for detailed explanations.; ; World Bank, Global Database of Shared Prosperity (GDSP) circa 2010-2015 (http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/brief/global-database-of-shared-prosperity).; ; The comparability of welfare aggregates (consumption or income) for the chosen years T0 and T1 is assessed for every country. If comparability across the two surveys is a major concern for a country, the selection criteria are re-applied to select the next best survey year(s). Annualized growth rates are calculated between the survey years, using a compound growth formula. The survey years defining the period for which growth rates are calculated and the type of welfare aggregate used to calculate the growth rates are noted in the footnotes.

Consumer Goods (CPG) Market Outlook

The global consumer goods (CPG) market size is projected to grow from USD 8.5 trillion in 2023 to USD 12.3 trillion by 2032, reflecting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.2%. This growth is driven by a combination of factors including rising disposable incomes, urbanization, and the increasing influence of digital marketing and e-commerce. The market's resilience and adaptability to changing consumer behaviors and technological advancements have contributed significantly to its expansion.

One of the primary growth factors of the CPG market is the rising disposable income across developing and developed regions. As incomes increase, consumers are more likely to spend on premium goods and diversify their consumption habits. This trend is particularly noticeable in emerging economies where a burgeoning middle class is driving demand for a variety of consumer goods. Additionally, urbanization has led to changes in lifestyle and consumption patterns, further amplifying the demand for CPG products.

Technological advancements and the digital transformation of retail and marketing channels have also played pivotal roles in the expansion of the CPG market. The proliferation of smartphones and the internet has revolutionized how consumers shop, leading to a boom in online retail. E-commerce platforms have not only made shopping more convenient but also expanded the reach of brands to a global audience. This has opened new opportunities for CPG companies to engage with consumers through personalized marketing and direct-to-consumer sales models.

Health and wellness trends have significantly influenced the consumer goods market. Increasing awareness about health and sustainability has driven demand for organic, natural, and eco-friendly products. Consumers are more informed and selective about the ingredients and production processes of the goods they purchase. This shift towards conscious consumption has prompted CPG companies to innovate and offer products that align with these values. The focus on sustainability has also led to advancements in packaging and supply chain practices to reduce environmental impact.

Regionally, the Asia Pacific is expected to be a major driver of market growth due to its large population and rapid economic development. Countries like China and India are witnessing significant increases in both urbanization and disposable incomes, which are contributing to a higher demand for consumer goods. North America and Europe, while more mature markets, continue to grow steadily driven by innovation and high consumer purchasing power. In contrast, regions such as Latin America, the Middle East, and Africa are expected to emerge as lucrative markets due to their untapped potential and increasing economic stability.

Product Type Analysis

The consumer goods market is broadly categorized into several product types, including food and beverages, personal care and cosmetics, household products, apparel and footwear, and others. Each of these segments holds a significant share and is characterized by unique growth drivers and challenges. The food and beverages segment, for instance, remains the largest category due to the essential nature of these products. With increasing health consciousness, there has been a surge in demand for organic and natural food products. Beverage innovations, such as functional drinks enriched with vitamins and minerals, are gaining popularity.

The personal care and cosmetics segment is experiencing robust growth driven by rising beauty standards and increasing awareness about skincare routines. The advent of social media and beauty influencers has played a crucial role in shaping consumer preferences, particularly among younger demographics. Continued innovation in product formulations, including eco-friendly and vegan options, is expected to sustain growth in this segment. Market players are also focusing on personalized beauty products tailored to individual skin types and concerns.

Household products, including cleaning supplies and home care items, have seen a steady increase in demand, especially amid heightened awareness about hygiene and cleanliness. The COVID-19 pandemic has accentuated the importance of hygienic living environments, driving sales of disinfectants, sanitizers, and other cleaning products. Innovations in this segment are focused on enhancing eff

Oil Market Outlook

The global oil market size was valued at approximately $2.3 trillion in 2023 and is projected to reach around $3.1 trillion by 2032, exhibiting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.4%. The market is poised for this growth driven by increasing energy demands and technological advancements in extraction and refining processes. The ascent in urbanization and industrialization, particularly in emerging economies, is also catalyzing the expansion of the oil market. As the world continues to witness an upsurge in energy consumption, oil remains a pivotal component of the global energy mix, underscoring its enduring relevance and potential for growth in the coming years.

One of the primary growth factors for the oil market is the relentless global demand for energy, which is predominantly fueled by developing countries undergoing rapid industrialization and modernization. These nations are experiencing significant infrastructural development, leading to increased consumption of fossil fuels, including oil. Additionally, the expansion of the transportation sector, which is heavily reliant on oil, further propels market growth. The automotive industry, despite a shift towards electrification, still sees a significant proportion of its energy needs being met by oil products such as gasoline and diesel, thereby sustaining demand.

Technological advancements in extraction and refining processes are also key drivers of growth in the oil market. The advent of improved drilling techniques, such as horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing, has made it economically viable to tap into previously inaccessible oil reserves. This has significantly boosted the supply side of the market, leading to an increase in production levels. Moreover, innovations in refining processes have enhanced the efficiency and yield of refining operations, resulting in higher output of refined oil products. These technological improvements not only bolster supply but also help reduce the environmental impact of oil extraction and processing activities.

Furthermore, the global geopolitical landscape plays a crucial role in shaping the oil market. Political stability in key oil-producing regions can significantly influence supply chains and pricing structures. For instance, the Middle East, which holds a substantial portion of the world's oil reserves, is often affected by geopolitical tensions that can lead to fluctuations in supply and prices. Additionally, policies and regulations set forth by major economies regarding fossil fuel consumption and emissions standards can either facilitate market expansion or pose challenges to it. Thus, ongoing geopolitical developments and regulatory changes are critical factors affecting the oil market's trajectory.

The integration of Oil and Gas sectors is increasingly becoming a focal point in the global energy landscape. As oil remains a dominant energy source, the synergy between oil and gas industries can lead to enhanced efficiency and innovation. This integration allows for the sharing of technological advancements, such as improved drilling techniques and refining processes, which can be applied across both sectors to optimize resource extraction and processing. Furthermore, the collaboration between oil and gas companies can facilitate the development of comprehensive energy solutions that address both current demands and future sustainability goals. By leveraging their combined expertise, these industries can better navigate the challenges of fluctuating market conditions and regulatory pressures, ultimately contributing to a more resilient and adaptable energy sector.

Regionally, the Asia Pacific region is expected to witness robust growth in the oil market, primarily due to the soaring energy demands of populous countries like China and India. These nations are experiencing rapid economic growth, leading to increased consumption of oil for industrial and transportation purposes. North America, on the other hand, is characterized by technological innovations in oil extraction and production, positioning it as a significant player in the global market. The Middle East & Africa region remains a major supplier of oil, with vast reserves and strategic geopolitical positioning. Europe and Latin America, while also integral to the market, are increasingly turning towards alternative energy sources, which may moderate their growth rates compared to other regions.

Type Analysis

The oil market is segmented into several

Slovakia SK: Survey Mean Consumption or Income per Capita: Bottom 40% of Population: Annualized Average Growth Rate data was reported at -0.620 % in 2015. Slovakia SK: Survey Mean Consumption or Income per Capita: Bottom 40% of Population: Annualized Average Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging -0.620 % from Dec 2015 (Median) to 2015, with 1 observations. Slovakia SK: Survey Mean Consumption or Income per Capita: Bottom 40% of Population: Annualized Average Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Slovakia – Table SK.World Bank.WDI: Poverty. The growth rate in the welfare aggregate of the bottom 40% is computed as the annualized average growth rate in per capita real consumption or income of the bottom 40% of the population in the income distribution in a country from household surveys over a roughly 5-year period. Mean per capita real consumption or income is measured at 2011 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) using the PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet). For some countries means are not reported due to grouped and/or confidential data. The annualized growth rate is computed as (Mean in final year/Mean in initial year)^(1/(Final year - Initial year)) - 1. The reference year is the year in which the underlying household survey data was collected. In cases for which the data collection period bridged two calendar years, the first year in which data were collected is reported. The initial year refers to the nearest survey collected 5 years before the most recent survey available, only surveys collected between 3 and 7 years before the most recent survey are considered. The final year refers to the most recent survey available between 2011 and 2015. Growth rates for Iraq are based on survey means of 2005 PPP$. The coverage and quality of the 2011 PPP price data for Iraq and most other North African and Middle Eastern countries were hindered by the exceptional period of instability they faced at the time of the 2011 exercise of the International Comparison Program. See PovcalNet for detailed explanations.; ; World Bank, Global Database of Shared Prosperity (GDSP) circa 2010-2015 (http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/brief/global-database-of-shared-prosperity).; ; The comparability of welfare aggregates (consumption or income) for the chosen years T0 and T1 is assessed for every country. If comparability across the two surveys is a major concern for a country, the selection criteria are re-applied to select the next best survey year(s). Annualized growth rates are calculated between the survey years, using a compound growth formula. The survey years defining the period for which growth rates are calculated and the type of welfare aggregate used to calculate the growth rates are noted in the footnotes.

Zinc Mining Market Outlook

The global zinc mining market size was estimated at USD 29.8 billion in 2023 and is forecasted to reach approximately USD 45.2 billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 4.7% during the forecast period. This growth is driven by increasing demand from key end-user industries such as construction, automotive, and electronics, which consistently require substantial zinc supplies for various applications.

The primary growth factor for the zinc mining market is the rising industrialization and urbanization across developing economies, particularly in the Asia Pacific region. With rapid infrastructure development, there is an escalating need for galvanized steel, of which zinc is a crucial component. This has significantly bolstered the demand for zinc, driving market growth. Additionally, the automotive industry’s expansion, supported by the growing production of vehicles and the increasing trend toward electric vehicles, has further amplified the demand for zinc, utilized extensively in anti-corrosion applications.

Another crucial growth factor is the advancements in mining technologies and techniques. The adoption of sustainable and efficient mining practices has not only reduced environmental impact but also enhanced zinc extraction efficiency. Technological innovations such as automation and the integration of IoT in mining operations have optimized productivity and lowered operational costs, making zinc mining more economically viable and thereby contributing to market growth.

The increasing use of zinc in electronics and consumer goods also plays a pivotal role in driving the market. Zinc’s properties, including high electrochemical potential and thermal conductivity, make it indispensable in the manufacture of batteries, die-casting alloys, and various electronic components. The proliferation of electronic devices and consumer goods globally has led to a surge in zinc demand. Furthermore, zinc’s role in the burgeoning renewable energy sector, particularly in the production of batteries for energy storage systems, is expected to create lucrative opportunities for market expansion.

Regionally, Asia Pacific remains the dominant market for zinc mining, accounting for the largest share in terms of both production and consumption. Countries like China and India, with their rapid economic growth and extensive infrastructure projects, are major contributors to this demand. North America and Europe also present significant markets, driven by robust industrial activity and stringent regulations promoting the use of zinc for corrosion protection in various applications. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are emerging markets, increasingly investing in mining projects to harness their rich zinc reserves.

Mining Method Analysis

Underground mining and open-pit mining are the two primary methods employed in zinc extraction. Underground mining is a prevalent method due to its efficiency in accessing deep-seated ore bodies. This method involves creating tunnels or shafts into the earth to reach buried ore deposits. It is particularly advantageous in regions where zinc ore is located at considerable depths, making surface extraction impractical. Despite its high operational costs, the safety measures and advanced equipment used in underground mining have made it a viable and preferred option in many parts of the world.

Open-pit mining, on the other hand, is employed when zinc ore bodies are located near the surface. This method involves removing large quantities of soil and rock to access the ore beneath. Open-pit mining is generally more cost-effective and easier to manage compared to underground mining. It allows for the extraction of larger quantities of ore, making it suitable for large-scale operations. However, it also has a significant environmental impact, including deforestation and soil erosion, which has led to stricter regulations and the development of more sustainable mining practices.

The choice between underground and open-pit mining often depends on the geological characteristics of the zinc deposit, economic considerations, and environmental regulations. Companies in the zinc mining market strategically select the most suitable mining method to optimize production efficiency and cost-effectiveness while adhering to environmental standards. The ongoing advancements in mining technologies, such as autonomous drilling and haulage systems, have further enhanced the productivity and safety of both underground and open-pit mining operations.

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In the first quarter of 2025, the growth of the real gross domestic product (GDP) in China ranged at 5.4 percent compared to the same quarter of the previous year. GDP refers to the total market value of all goods and services that are produced within a country per year. It is an important indicator of the economic strength of a country. Real GDP is adjusted for price changes and is therefore regarded as a key indicator for economic growth. GDP growth in China In 2024, China ranged second among countries with the largest gross domestic product worldwide. Since the introduction of economic reforms in 1978, the country has experienced rapid social and economic development. In 2013, it became the world’s largest trading nation, overtaking the United States. However, per capita GDP in China was still much lower than that of industrialized countries. Until 2011, the annual growth rate of China’s GDP had constantly been above nine percent. However, economic growth has cooled down since and is projected to further slow down gradually in the future. Rising domestic wages and the competitive edge of other Asian and African countries are seen as main reasons for the stuttering in China’s economic engine. One strategy of the Chinese government to overcome this transition is a gradual shift of economic focus from industrial production to services. Challenges to GDP growth Another major challenge lies in the massive environmental pollution that China’s reckless economic growth has caused over the past decades. China’s development has been powered mostly by coal consumption, which resulted in high air pollution. To counteract industrial pollution, further investments in waste management and clean technologies are necessary. In 2017, about 1.15 percent of GDP was spent on pollution control. Surging environmental costs aside, environmental issues could also be a key to industrial transition as China placed major investments in renewable energy and clean tech projects. The consumption of green energy skyrocketed from 0.52 exajoules in 2005 to 13.3 million in 2022.

The global unleaded gasoline market for car consumption is a substantial sector experiencing steady growth. While the exact market size for 2025 is not provided, based on industry reports and considering typical growth patterns in the energy sector, a reasonable estimation for the 2025 market size could be in the range of $500 billion to $600 billion USD. This substantial market value reflects the continued reliance on gasoline-powered vehicles, particularly in developing nations experiencing rapid motorization. Several factors drive market growth, including increasing vehicle ownership globally, particularly in emerging economies. Furthermore, robust economic growth in several regions stimulates demand for personal and commercial vehicles, thereby fueling the consumption of unleaded gasoline. However, the market also faces headwinds, including the rise of electric vehicles and government initiatives promoting sustainable transportation, such as higher fuel efficiency standards and investment in public transportation. These countervailing forces suggest a moderated growth trajectory, with a plausible Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 2-3% from 2025 to 2033. This moderate CAGR reflects a balanced perspective of continued demand amidst evolving market dynamics. The segmentation of the market into regular, energy-saving, and performance gasoline, coupled with further differentiation by vehicle type (passenger vs. commercial), provides insights into specific consumer preferences and market niches. This segmentation will impact market behavior and pricing strategies. The competitive landscape is dominated by major international oil and gas companies, including Shell, BP, ExxonMobil, and others. These established players benefit from extensive distribution networks and brand recognition. However, the market also presents opportunities for smaller, specialized companies focusing on niche gasoline formulations or regional markets. Regional variations in demand are significant, with North America and Asia-Pacific expected to remain major contributors to overall market growth, owing to their large vehicle populations and economic activity. Europe, while showing more moderate growth, will continue to play a key role, driven by existing infrastructure and continued demand, even considering the push for electrification. The interplay of global economic trends, government regulations, and technological advancements will ultimately determine the long-term trajectory of this crucial energy market segment.

The global Ultra Large Crude Carrier (ULCC) market is experiencing significant growth, driven by the increasing demand for efficient crude oil transportation. While precise market size figures for the base year (2025) are not provided, considering typical ULCC market valuations and reported CAGRs for similar shipping segments, a reasonable estimation for the 2025 market size could be around $15 billion. Assuming a conservative Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 4% for the forecast period (2025-2033), the market is projected to reach approximately $22 billion by 2033. This growth is primarily fueled by the ongoing expansion of global crude oil production and consumption, particularly in emerging economies. The increasing preference for larger vessels to optimize transportation costs and the ongoing consolidation within the shipping industry are also contributing factors. Market segmentation reveals significant demand across various vessel sizes, with 250,000-320,000-ton ULCCs holding a considerable market share due to their superior cargo capacity and economies of scale. Crude oil remains the dominant application, reflecting its crucial role in global energy supply chains. However, the market faces certain challenges. Fluctuations in oil prices, geopolitical instability, and stringent environmental regulations regarding emissions and vessel efficiency pose significant restraints to growth. The competitive landscape is characterized by major players like CSSC, Daewoo Shipbuilding, and Hyundai Heavy Industries, with the market likely to witness further consolidation and strategic partnerships to navigate these headwinds. Regional analysis indicates strong demand from Asia-Pacific, driven by its large energy consumption and robust economic growth. North America and Europe also maintain significant market presence, although their growth might be comparatively more moderate due to factors such as regional energy diversification strategies. The continued interplay of these drivers and restraints will shape the future trajectory of the ULCC market. Further research focusing on specific regional market data and detailed company performance would provide a more comprehensive analysis.

View data of PCE, an index that measures monthly changes in the price of consumer goods and services as a means of analyzing inflation.

Chad Survey Mean Consumption or Income per Capita: Total Population: Annualized Average Growth Rate data was reported at 0.530 % in 2022. Chad Survey Mean Consumption or Income per Capita: Total Population: Annualized Average Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 0.530 % from Dec 2022 (Median) to 2022, with 1 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.530 % in 2022 and a record low of 0.530 % in 2022. Chad Survey Mean Consumption or Income per Capita: Total Population: Annualized Average Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Chad – Table TD.World Bank.WDI: Social: Poverty and Inequality. The growth rate in the welfare aggregate of the total population is computed as the annualized average growth rate in per capita real consumption or income of the total population in the income distribution in a country from household surveys over a roughly 5-year period. Mean per capita real consumption or income is measured at 2017 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) using the Poverty and Inequality Platform (http://www.pip.worldbank.org). For some countries means are not reported due to grouped and/or confidential data. The annualized growth rate is computed as (Mean in final year/Mean in initial year)^(1/(Final year - Initial year)) - 1. The reference year is the year in which the underlying household survey data was collected. In cases for which the data collection period bridged two calendar years, the first year in which data were collected is reported. The initial year refers to the nearest survey collected 5 years before the most recent survey available, only surveys collected between 3 and 7 years before the most recent survey are considered. The coverage and quality of the 2017 PPP price data for Iraq and most other North African and Middle Eastern countries were hindered by the exceptional period of instability they faced at the time of the 2017 exercise of the International Comparison Program. See the Poverty and Inequality Platform for detailed explanations.;World Bank, Global Database of Shared Prosperity (GDSP) (http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/brief/global-database-of-shared-prosperity).;;The comparability of welfare aggregates (consumption or income) for the chosen years T0 and T1 is assessed for every country. If comparability across the two surveys is a major concern for a country, the selection criteria are re-applied to select the next best survey year(s). Annualized growth rates are calculated between the survey years, using a compound growth formula. The survey years defining the period for which growth rates are calculated and the type of welfare aggregate used to calculate the growth rates are noted in the footnotes.

In 2023, final consumption of the economy in China accounted for about 55.7 percent of the gross domestic product (GDP). The share of final consumption in the total GDP of China is expected to increase gradually in the upcoming years. Level of consumption in China Final consumption refers to the part of the GDP that is consumed, in contrast to what is invested or exported. In matured economies, final consumption often accounts for 70 or more percent of the total GDP. In developing countries, however, a significantly larger share may be spent on investments in infrastructure, real estate, and industrial capacities.Since its economic opening up, China was among the countries with the highest ratio of spending on investment and the lowest on consumption. Especially since 2000, China spent increasing amounts of money on infrastructure and housing, while the share spent on consumption dropped to an all-time low. This was not only related to China’s rapid economic ascendence, but also to a large working-age population and a low dependency ratio. Recent developments and outlook As the rate of returns on investment has dropped gradually since the global financial crisis in 2008, China is trying to shift to a more consumption-driven growth model. Accordingly, the share of final consumption has increased since 2010. Although this trend was interrupted by the coronavirus pandemic, it will most probably continue in the future. Lower demand for new infrastructure and housing, as well as an aging population, are the main drivers of this development.