Population: Bihar data was reported at 127.855 Person mn in 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 125.991 Person mn for 2023. Population: Bihar data is updated yearly, averaging 94.474 Person mn from Mar 1994 (Median) to 2024, with 31 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 127.855 Person mn in 2024 and a record low of 68.433 Person mn in 1994. Population: Bihar data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation. The data is categorized under Global Database’s India – Table IN.GBG001: Population. [COVID-19-IMPACT]

In Bihar, the share of males with multiple disabilities was 1.9 percent and females at 1.3 percent. According to the 76th round of the NSO survey conducted between July and December 2018, a higher percentage of disabled men than disabled women were present in India, reflected in the northern state. The National Statistical Office (NSO) is the statistical wing of the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MOSPI), mainly responsible for laying down standards for statistical analysis, data collection, and implementation.

Vital Statistics: Birth Rate: per 1000 Population: Bihar data was reported at 25.500 NA in 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of 25.800 NA for 2019. Vital Statistics: Birth Rate: per 1000 Population: Bihar data is updated yearly, averaging 28.500 NA from Dec 1997 (Median) to 2020, with 23 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 31.900 NA in 2000 and a record low of 25.500 NA in 2020. Vital Statistics: Birth Rate: per 1000 Population: Bihar data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Demographic – Table IN.GAH002: Vital Statistics: Birth Rate: by States.

Census: Population: Bihar: Masaurhi: Male data was reported at 31,389.000 Person in 03-01-2011. This records an increase from the previous number of 23,884.000 Person for 03-01-2001. Census: Population: Bihar: Masaurhi: Male data is updated decadal, averaging 17,453.000 Person from Mar 1971 (Median) to 03-01-2011, with 5 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 31,389.000 Person in 03-01-2011 and a record low of 8,466.000 Person in 03-01-1971. Census: Population: Bihar: Masaurhi: Male data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Demographic – Table IN.GAC005: Census: Population: By Towns and Urban Agglomerations: Bihar.

According to the 76th round of the NSO survey conducted between July and December 2018, Bihar had a higher percentage of disabled men with a certificate of disability at 36.1 percent. The disability certificate was issued by the medical board to persons with more than 40 percent of any disability. This provides eligibility to apply for facilities, concessions and other benefits provided under various schemes.

Census: Population: Bihar: Dhaka data was reported at 42,063.000 Person in 03-01-2011. This records an increase from the previous number of 32,632.000 Person for 03-01-2001. Census: Population: Bihar: Dhaka data is updated decadal, averaging 32,632.000 Person from Mar 1991 (Median) to 03-01-2011, with 3 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 42,063.000 Person in 03-01-2011 and a record low of 24,745.000 Person in 03-01-1991. Census: Population: Bihar: Dhaka data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Demographic – Table IN.GAC005: Census: Population: By Towns and Urban Agglomerations: Bihar.

Census: Population: Bihar data was reported at 104,099,452.000 Person in 03-01-2011. This records an increase from the previous number of 82,998,509.000 Person for 03-01-2001. Census: Population: Bihar data is updated decadal, averaging 31,962,992.500 Person from Mar 1901 (Median) to 03-01-2011, with 12 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 104,099,452.000 Person in 03-01-2011 and a record low of 21,243,632.000 Person in 03-01-1901. Census: Population: Bihar data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Demographic – Table IN.GAB002: Census: Population: by States.

This polygon dataset shows village boundaries with socio-demographic and economic Census data for 1991 for the State of Bihar, India linked to the 1991 Census. Includes village socio-demographic and economic Census attribute data such as total population, population by sex, household, literacy and illiteracy rates, and employment by industry. This layer is part of the VillageMap dataset which includes socio-demographic and economic Census data for 1991 at the village level for all the states of India. This data layer is sourced from secondary government sources, chiefly Survey of India, Census of India, Election Commission, etc.

534.974 (Persons) in 2016.

Census: Population: Bihar: Mirganj data was reported at 26,240.000 Person in 03-01-2011. This records an increase from the previous number of 23,576.000 Person for 03-01-2001. Census: Population: Bihar: Mirganj data is updated decadal, averaging 13,690.000 Person from Mar 1901 (Median) to 03-01-2011, with 9 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 26,240.000 Person in 03-01-2011 and a record low of 8,089.000 Person in 03-01-1911. Census: Population: Bihar: Mirganj data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Demographic – Table IN.GAC005: Census: Population: By Towns and Urban Agglomerations: Bihar.

Census: Population: Bihar: Barahiya: Male data was reported at 22,817.000 Person in 03-01-2011. This records an increase from the previous number of 21,129.000 Person for 03-01-2001. Census: Population: Bihar: Barahiya: Male data is updated decadal, averaging 14,248.000 Person from Mar 1951 (Median) to 03-01-2011, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 22,817.000 Person in 03-01-2011 and a record low of 10,724.000 Person in 03-01-1951. Census: Population: Bihar: Barahiya: Male data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Demographic – Table IN.GAC005: Census: Population: By Towns and Urban Agglomerations: Bihar.

Chart and table of population level and growth rate for the Muzaffarpur, India metro area from 1950 to 2025.

Vital Statistics: Natural Growth Rate: per 1000 Population: Bihar: Urban data was reported at 15.700 NA in 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of 16.000 NA for 2019. Vital Statistics: Natural Growth Rate: per 1000 Population: Bihar: Urban data is updated yearly, averaging 16.500 NA from Dec 1997 (Median) to 2020, with 23 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 18.500 NA in 2000 and a record low of 14.700 NA in 2014. Vital Statistics: Natural Growth Rate: per 1000 Population: Bihar: Urban data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Demographic – Table IN.GAH004: Vital Statistics: Natural Growth Rate: by States.

Census: Population: Bihar: Patna data was reported at 1,684,297.000 Person in 03-01-2011. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1,697,976.000 Person for 03-01-2001. Census: Population: Bihar: Patna data is updated decadal, averaging 388,635.500 Person from Mar 1901 (Median) to 03-01-2011, with 12 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,697,976.000 Person in 03-01-2001 and a record low of 158,048.000 Person in 03-01-1921. Census: Population: Bihar: Patna data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Demographic – Table IN.GAC005: Census: Population: By Towns and Urban Agglomerations: Bihar.

Census: Population: Bihar: Birpur data was reported at 19,932.000 Person in 03-01-2011. This records an increase from the previous number of 17,982.000 Person for 03-01-2001. Census: Population: Bihar: Birpur data is updated decadal, averaging 13,847.500 Person from Mar 1961 (Median) to 03-01-2011, with 6 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 19,932.000 Person in 03-01-2011 and a record low of 8,061.000 Person in 03-01-1961. Census: Population: Bihar: Birpur data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Demographic – Table IN.GAC005: Census: Population: By Towns and Urban Agglomerations: Bihar.

In 2011, out of all India's states and union territories, Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra had the largest share population with disability, accounting for respectively **** percent and ***** percent of Indian disabled population. Following behind were Bihar and Andhra Pradesh at less than **** percent each. According to the source, the share of the disabled population in the remaining ** States and Union Territories constituted less than *** percent of the total disabled population.

Census: Population: Bihar: Rajgir data was reported at 41,587.000 Person in 03-01-2011. This records an increase from the previous number of 33,738.000 Person for 03-01-2001. Census: Population: Bihar: Rajgir data is updated decadal, averaging 18,034.000 Person from Mar 1951 (Median) to 03-01-2011, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 41,587.000 Person in 03-01-2011 and a record low of 3,870.000 Person in 03-01-1951. Census: Population: Bihar: Rajgir data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Demographic – Table IN.GAC005: Census: Population: By Towns and Urban Agglomerations: Bihar.

Abstract

The 2015-16 National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4), the fourth in the NFHS series, provides information on population, health, and nutrition for India and each state and union territory. For the first time, NFHS-4 provides district-level estimates for many important indicators. All four NFHS surveys have been conducted under the stewardship of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), Government of India. MoHFW designated the International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), Mumbai, as the nodal agency for the surveys. Funding for NFHS-4 was provided by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), the United Kingdom Department for International Development (DFID), the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF), UNICEF, UNFPA, the MacArthur Foundation, and the Government of India. Technical assistance for NFHS-4 was provided by ICF, Maryland, USA. Assistance for the HIV component of the survey was provided by the National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) and the National AIDS Research Institute (NARI), Pune.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

• Household
• Individual
• Children age 0-5
• Woman age 15-49
• Man age 15-54

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The NFHS-4 sample was designed to provide estimates of all key indicators at the national and state levels, as well as estimates for most key indicators at the district level (for all 640 districts in India, as of the 2011 Census). The total sample size of approximately 572,000 households for India was based on the size needed to produce reliable indicator estimates for each district and for urban and rural areas in districts in which the urban population accounted for 30-70 percent of the total district population. The rural sample was selected through a two-stage sample design with villages as the Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) at the first stage (selected with probability proportional to size), followed by a random selection of 22 households in each PSU at the second stage. In urban areas, there was also a two-stage sample design with Census Enumeration Blocks (CEB) selected at the first stage and a random selection of 22 households in each CEB at the second stage. At the second stage in both urban and rural areas, households were selected after conducting a complete mapping and household listing operation in the selected first-stage units.

The figures of NFHS-4 and that of earlier rounds may not be strictly comparable due to differences in sample size and NFHS-4 will be a benchmark for future surveys. NFHS-4 fieldwork for Bihar was conducted in all 38 districts of the state from 16 March to 8 August 2015 by the Academic Management Studies (AMS) and collected information from 36,772 households, 45,812 women age 15-49 (including 7,464 women interviewed in PSUs in the state module), and 5,872 men age 15-54.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

Four questionnaires - household, woman's, man's, and biomarker, were used to collect information in 19 languages using Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI).

Census: Population: Bihar: Muzaffarpur data was reported at 354,462.000 Person in 03-01-2011. This records an increase from the previous number of 305,525.000 Person for 03-01-2001. Census: Population: Bihar: Muzaffarpur data is updated decadal, averaging 91,321.000 Person from Mar 1901 (Median) to 03-01-2011, with 12 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 354,462.000 Person in 03-01-2011 and a record low of 32,755.000 Person in 03-01-1921. Census: Population: Bihar: Muzaffarpur data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Demographic – Table IN.GAC005: Census: Population: By Towns and Urban Agglomerations: Bihar.

Background

Large carnivores maintain the stability and functioning of ecosystems. Currently, many carnivore species face declining population sizes due to natural and anthropogenic pressures. The leopard, Panthera pardus, is probably the most widely distributed and highly adaptable large felid globally, still persisting in most of its historic range. However, we lack subspecies-level data on country or regional scale on population trends, as ecological monitoring approaches are difficult to apply on such wide-ranging species. We used genetic data from leopards sampled across the Indian subcontinent to investigate population structure and patterns of demographic decline.

Methods

We collected faecal samples from the Terai-Arc landscape of north India and identified 56 unique individuals using a panel of 13 microsatellite markers. We merged this data with already available 143 leopard individuals and assessed genetic structure at country scale. Subsequently, we investigated the demographic history of each identified subpopulations and compared genetic decline analyses with countrywide local extinction probabilities.

Results

Our genetic analyses revealed four distinct subpopulations corresponding to Western Ghats, Deccan Plateau-Semi Arid, Shivalik and Terai region of the north Indian landscape, each with high genetic variation. Coalescent simulations with microsatellite loci revealed a possibly human-induced 75-90% population decline between ∼120-200 years ago across India. Population-specific estimates of genetic decline are in concordance with ecological estimates of local extinction probabilities in these subpopulations obtained from occupancy modeling of the historic and current distribution of leopards in India.

Conclusions

Our results confirm the population decline of a widely distributed, adaptable large carnivore. We re-iterate the relevance of indirect genetic methods for such species in conjunction with occupancy assessment and recommend that detailed, landscape-level ecological studies on leopard populations are critical to future conservation efforts. Our approaches and inference are relevant to other widely distributed, seemingly unaffected carnivores such as the leopard.

Methods Research permissions and ethical considerations

All required permissions for our field surveys and biological sampling were provided by the Forest Departments of Uttarakhand (Permit no: 90/5-6), Uttar Pradesh (Permit no: 1127/23-2-12(G) and 1891/23-2-12) and Bihar (Permit no: Wildlife-589). Due to non-invasive nature of sampling, no ethical clearance was required for this study.

Sampling

To detect population structure and past population demography it is important to obtain genetic samples from different leopard habitats all across the study area. In this study, we used leopard genetic data generated from non-invasive samples collected across the Indian subcontinent. We conducted extensive field surveys across the Indian part of Terai-Arc landscape (TAL) covering the north-Indian states of Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar between 2016-2018. This region has already been studied for large carnivore occupancy using traditional camera trapping as well as field surveys (Johnsingh et al., 2004; Harihar et al., 2009; Jhala et al., 2015; Chanchani et al., 2016). We foot surveyed all existing trails covering the entire region to collect faecal samples. Number of trails walked in a particular area was decided based on existing knowledge of leopard presence by the local people and frontline staff members of the sampling team. We collected a total of 778 fresh large carnivore faecal samples. These samples were collected from both inside (n=469) and outside (n=309) protected areas from different parts of this landscape. In the field, the samples were judged as large carnivores based on several physical characteristics such as scrape marks, tracks, faecal diameter etc. All faecal samples were collected in wax paper and stored individually in sterile zip-lock bags and stored inside dry, dark boxes in the field for a maximum of two weeks period (Biswas et al., 2019). All samples were collected with GPS locations and were transferred to the laboratory and stored in -20°C freezers until further processing.

In addition to the north Indian samples collected in this study, we used genetic data previously described in Mondol et al. (2015), representing mostly the Western Ghats and central Indian landscape. The data was earlier used in forensic analyses to assign seized leopard samples to their potential geographic origins in India (Mondol et al., 2015). Out of the 173 individual leopards described in the earlier study, we removed data from related individuals and samples with insufficient data (n=30) and used the remaining 143 samples for analyses in this study. These samples were collected from the states of Kerala (n=5), Tamil Nadu (n=4), Karnataka (n=53), Andhra Pradesh (n=3), Madhya Pradesh (n=12), Maharashtra (n=46), Gujarat (n=2), Rajasthan (n=5), Himachal Pradesh (n=8), Jharkhand (n=1), West Bengal (n=2) and Assam (n=2), respectively. The sample locations are presented in Figure 1.

DNA extraction, species and individual identification

For all field-collected faecal samples, DNA extraction was performed using protocols described in Biswas et al. (2019). In brief, each frozen faeces was thawed to room temperature and the upper layer was swabbed twice with Phosphate buffer saline (PBS) saturated sterile cotton applicators (HiMedia). The swabs were lysed with 30 µl of Proteinase K (20mg/ml) and 300 µl of ATL buffer (Qiagen Inc., Hilden, Germany) overnight at 56°C, followed by Qiagen DNeasy tissue DNA kit extraction protocol. DNA was eluted twice in 100 µl preheated 1X TE buffer. For every set of samples, extraction negatives were included to monitor possible contaminations.

Species identification was performed using leopard-specific multiplex PCR assay with NADH4 and NADH2 region primers described in Mondol et al., (2014) and cytochrome b primers used in Maroju et al., (2016). PCR reactions were done in 10 µl volumes containing 3.5 µl multiplex buffer mix (Qiagen Inc., Hilden, Germany), 4 µM BSA, 0.2 µM primer mix and 3 µl of scat DNA with conditions including initial denaturation (95°C for 15 min); 40 cycles of denaturation (94°C for 30 s), annealing (Ta for 30 s) and extension (72°C for 35 s); followed by a final extension (72°C for 10 min). Negative controls were included to monitor possible contamination. Leopard faeces were identified by viewing species-specific bands of 130 bp (NADH4) and 190 bp (NADH2) (Mondol et al., 2014) and 277 bp (cytochrome b) (Maroju et al., 2016) in 2% agarose gel.

For individual identification, we used the same panel of 13 microsatellite loci previously used in Mondol et al. (2014) (Table 1). To generate comparable data with the samples used from earlier study by Mondol et al. (2014) we employed stringent laboratory protocols. All PCR amplifications were performed in 10 µl volumes containing 5 µl Qiagen multiplex PCR buffer mix (QIAGEN Inc., Hilden, Germany), 0.2 µM labelled forward primer (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA), 0.2 µM unlabelled reverse primer, 4 µM BSA and 3 µl of the faecal DNA extract. The reactions were performed in an ABI thermocycler with conditions including initial denaturation (94°C for 15 min); 45 cycles of denaturation (94°C for 30 sec), annealing (Ta for 30 sec) and extension (72°C for 30 sec); followed by final extension (72°C for 30 min). Multiple primers were multiplexed to reduce cost and save DNA (Table 1). PCR negatives were incorporated in all reaction setups to monitor possible contamination. The PCR products were analyzed using an automated ABI 3500XL Bioanalyzer with LIZ 500 size standard (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) and alleles were scored with GENEMAPPER version 4.0 (Softgenetics Inc., State Collage, PA, USA). During data generation from field-collected samples we used one reference sample (genotyped for all loci) from the earlier study for genotyping. As the entire new data is generated along with the reference sample and the alleles were scored along with the reference genotypes, the new data (allele scores) were comparable with earlier data for analyses.

To ensure high quality multi-locus genotypes from faecal samples, we followed a modified multiple-tube approach in combination with quality index analyses (Miquel et al., 2006) as described previously for leopards by Mondol et al. (2009a, 2014). All faecal samples were amplified and genotyped four independent times for all the loci. Samples producing identical genotypes for at least three independent amplifications (or a quality index of 0.75 or more) for each loci were considered reliable and used for all further analysis, while the rest were discarded.