Dataset

This dataset was created by Abhishek De

Contents

Data include weather information (Temperature, Humidity, Windspeed, Visibility, Dewpoint, Solar radiation, Snowfall, Rainfall), the number of bikes rented per hour and date information.

Dataset

This dataset was created by ShaghayeghHadian

Contents

• Exploring the factors affecting the bike-sharing demand on an urban area using multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) • Establishing the bike sharing demand prediction model incorporating the machine learning techniques

Dataset of bike-sharing Demand Prediction model based on Spatio-Temporal Graph Convolutional Networks

Accurate bike-sharing demand prediction is crucial for bike allocation rebalancing and station planning. In bike-sharing systems, the bike borrowing and returning behavior exhibit strong spatio-temporal characteristics. Meanwhile, the bike-sharing demand is affected by the arbitrariness of user behavior, which makes the distribution of bikes unbalanced. These bring great challenges to bike-sharing demand prediction. In this study, a usage pattern similarity-based dual-network for bike-sharing demand prediction, called FF-STGCN, is proposed. Inter-station flow features and similar usage pattern features are fully considered. The model includes three modules: multi-scale spatio-temporal feature fusion module, bike usage pattern similarity learning module, and bike-sharing demand prediction module. In particular, we design a multi-scale spatio-temporal feature fusion module to address limitations in multi-scale spatio-temporal accuracy. Then, a bike usage pattern similarity learning module is constructed to capture the underlying correlated features among stations. Finally, we employ a dual network structure to integrate inter-station flow features and similar usage pattern features in the bike-sharing demand prediction module to realize the final prediction. Experiments on the Citi Bike dataset have demonstrated the effectiveness of our proposed model. The ablation experiments further confirm the indispensability of each module in the proposed model.

Analysis of ‘Bike Sharing Dataset’ provided by Analyst-2 (analyst-2.ai), based on source dataset retrieved from https://www.kaggle.com/yasserh/bike-sharing-dataset on 28 January 2022.

--- Dataset description provided by original source is as follows ---

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Description:

A US bike-sharing provider BoomBikes has recently suffered considerable dips in their revenues due to the ongoing Corona pandemic. The company is finding it very difficult to sustain in the current market scenario. So, it has decided to come up with a mindful business plan to be able to accelerate its revenue as soon as the ongoing lockdown comes to an end, and the economy restores to a healthy state.

In such an attempt, BoomBikes aspires to understand the demand for shared bikes among the people after this ongoing quarantine situation ends across the nation due to Covid-19. They have planned this to prepare themselves to cater to the people's needs once the situation gets better all around and stand out from other service providers and make huge profits.

They have contracted a consulting company to understand the factors on which the demand for these shared bikes depends. Specifically, they want to understand the factors affecting the demand for these shared bikes in the American market. The company wants to know:

Which variables are significant in predicting the demand for shared bikes. How well those variables describe the bike demand Based on various meteorological surveys and people's styles, the service provider firm has gathered a large dataset on daily bike demands across the American market based on some factors.

Bussiness Goal:

We are required to model the demand for shared bikes with the available independent variables. It will be used by the management to understand how exactly the demands vary with different features. They can accordingly manipulate the business strategy to meet the demand levels and meet the customer's expectations. Further, the model will be a good way for management to understand the demand dynamics of a new market.

Acknowledgement:

This dataset is referred from Kaggle & UCI Repository.

Objective:

• Understand the Dataset & cleanup (if required).
• Build Regression models to predict the share of bikes.
• Also evaluate the models & compare their respective scores like R2, RMSE, etc.

--- Original source retains full ownership of the source dataset ---

The global electric bike-sharing market is projected to reach USD 2872.9 million by 2033, with a CAGR of 5.3% during the forecast period. This growth is attributed to increasing environmental concerns, government initiatives promoting sustainable transportation, and rising urbanization. Electric bike-sharing schemes offer convenient and affordable transportation options, reducing traffic congestion and greenhouse gas emissions. Key market segments include application (students, workers, travelers, others), subscription models (pay-as-you-ride, monthly, quarterly, yearly), and top companies (DiDi, Meituan, Hello, Nextbike, Smoove Bike, Indego, Citi Bike, PBSC Urban Solutions, B-Cycle). Significant market growth is expected in regions such as North America, Europe, and Asia Pacific, driven by increasing investments in infrastructure, technological advancements, and favorable government policies. However, challenges such as lack of charging infrastructure and high upfront costs may restrain market growth in certain regions.

The global dockless bike sharing market is projected to witness a substantial growth over the forecast period from 2023 to 2030. The market is driven by the increasing adoption of dockless bike sharing as a convenient and eco-friendly mode of transportation. Governments and municipalities worldwide are encouraging the use of dockless bike sharing systems to reduce traffic congestion and improve air quality. The rising demand for last-mile connectivity and increasing urbanization are further propelling the growth of the market. However, the market is facing certain challenges that may hinder its growth. These include regulatory restrictions, vandalism, and theft of bikes. Additionally, the emergence of ride-sharing services poses a competitive threat to dockless bike sharing. Despite these challenges, the market is expected to continue expanding as governments and businesses recognize the benefits of dockless bike sharing and implement measures to address the challenges. Key players in the market include Meituan Dianping, ofo, Hamilton Bike Share, DiDi Chuxing, and Shanghai Jun Zheng Network.

Dataset

This dataset was created by Mithilesh Kumar

Released under MIT

Contents

Global Bike Sharing Market was valued at USD 4.32 billion in 2023 and is expected to reach USD 6.05 Billion by 2029, growing with a CAGR of 5.83% through 2029.

Point to Point Bike Sharing Market Outlook

The global point to point bike sharing market has been witnessing a significant surge, with the market size valued at approximately $4.3 billion in 2023. Propelled by urbanization, environmental awareness, and technological advancements, the market is expected to expand at a robust CAGR of 12% between 2024 and 2032, reaching an estimated $9.5 billion by the end of the forecast period. This growth is primarily driven by increased demand for sustainable urban mobility solutions, the integration of IoT technology in transportation, and supportive government policies aimed at reducing carbon footprints.

The surge in urban population density and the subsequent need for efficient and sustainable transportation systems are major growth factors for the point to point bike sharing market. As cities become more congested, the demand for agile, affordable, and eco-friendly mobility solutions is increasing. Bike sharing programs offer a viable solution, providing flexible and convenient transportation while reducing traffic congestion and pollution levels. Moreover, the growing awareness regarding environmental issues and the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions are propelling individuals and governments to adopt sustainable transportation alternatives, including bike sharing systems.

Technological advancements have played a critical role in fuelling the growth of the point to point bike sharing market. The integration of IoT and AI technologies has enhanced the user experience by providing real-time tracking, seamless payment systems, and efficient fleet management. These technological innovations have not only improved operational efficiency but have also attracted a larger customer base by offering convenient and user-friendly solutions. Additionally, the rise of smart cities and the proliferation of 5G networks are anticipated to further bolster the adoption of point to point bike sharing systems in the coming years.

Government initiatives and policies designed to promote sustainable urban mobility are another significant driver for the point to point bike sharing market. Many governments worldwide are implementing policies and providing subsidies to encourage the use of eco-friendly transportation options like bike sharing. These initiatives often include investments in cycling infrastructure, such as bike lanes and parking facilities, as well as financial incentives to both providers and users of bike sharing services. Such supportive measures are expected to significantly boost the market, fostering an environment where bike sharing can thrive as a mainstream mode of transportation.

The rise of Urban E-bike Rental services is further transforming the landscape of point to point bike sharing markets. These services provide an innovative solution to urban mobility challenges, offering users the convenience of electric bikes without the commitment of ownership. As cities continue to expand and traffic congestion becomes a pressing issue, urban e-bike rentals present an attractive alternative for commuters and tourists alike. The flexibility and ease of access associated with these rentals make them an appealing choice for individuals seeking efficient and sustainable transportation options. Moreover, the integration of e-bike rentals into existing public transportation networks can enhance connectivity and reduce the reliance on private vehicles, contributing to a greener urban environment.

Regionally, the point to point bike sharing market demonstrates a varied outlook. In North America and Europe, the market is driven by increasing urbanization and a strong emphasis on environmental sustainability. These regions are witnessing significant government support in terms of investments in cycling infrastructure and favorable regulations, propelling the adoption of bike sharing systems. The Asia Pacific region, however, is expected to experience the highest growth rate, driven by its large urban population and rapid technological advancements. In contrast, the growth in Latin America and the Middle East & Africa may be slower due to infrastructural challenges and relatively lower urbanization rates.

Bike Type Analysis

The bike type segment in the point to point bike sharing market is primarily divided into electric bikes and traditional bikes. Electric bikes have gained significant traction over the past few years, owing to their convenience and ability to cover longer distances with minimal effort. Thi

The Latin America bike sharing market is projected to witness a steady growth, expanding at a CAGR of approximately 6.00% during the forecast period from 2025 to 2033. The market size is estimated to reach a value of several million by 2033, driven by factors such as rising urbanization, increasing environmental consciousness, and government initiatives promoting sustainable transportation. The growing demand for convenient and affordable commuting options within urban areas is also fueling the market's growth. Key drivers of the market include the increasing popularity of bike sharing as a convenient and cost-effective mode of transportation, government initiatives to promote cycling as a sustainable alternative to motorized vehicles, and the development of smart city initiatives that integrate bike sharing into urban planning and infrastructure. The market is segmented by different bike types, sharing system types, and regions. Major players in the market include Mobike, Wave, Tembici, Movo, Grow mobility, Bird, Loop, and Bim Bim Bikes. The market is expected to face restraints such as safety concerns and competition from other forms of public transportation. Key drivers for this market are: Increasing disposable income and Low-interest rates from lenders increase the market demand. Potential restraints include: High initial costs may obstruct the growth. Notable trends are: E-Bike Rental is providing the growth in Bike Sharing Market.

Dockless Bike Sharing Market Outlook

The dockless bike sharing market has been experiencing significant growth, with a global market size valued at approximately USD 6 billion in 2023. This market is projected to grow at an impressive compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 15% from 2024 to 2032, reaching around USD 18 billion by the end of the forecast period. Key factors driving this growth include increasing urbanization, technological advancements, and the rising demand for eco-friendly transportation solutions. These factors make dockless bike sharing an attractive option for urban commuters and environmentally conscious individuals alike.

One of the primary growth factors for the dockless bike sharing market is the increasing trend of urbanization around the world. As more people migrate to urban areas, the demand for efficient and sustainable transportation options has surged. Dockless bike sharing systems offer a convenient solution to the problem of urban congestion and pollution. With governments in various countries promoting sustainable transport infrastructure and policies, the integration of dockless bike sharing systems into the urban transportation network has become a priority. This urban shift is further supported by the rise of smart cities, where advanced technologies are being utilized to enhance mobility and reduce carbon footprints.

Technological innovation is another crucial driver of the dockless bike sharing market. The integration of GPS, IoT, and mobile applications has revolutionized the bike sharing industry, allowing users to easily locate, unlock, and pay for bike rentals through their smartphones. These technologies not only improve the user experience but also enable operators to manage their fleets more efficiently. The rise of artificial intelligence and data analytics further enhances the efficiency of dockless bike sharing systems by optimizing bike distribution based on demand patterns. Additionally, advancements in bike design, such as the development of durable and lightweight materials, have improved the durability and performance of shared bikes, attracting more users to the service.

The growing awareness of environmental issues and the need for sustainable transportation solutions have also propelled the dockless bike sharing market. As people become more conscious of their carbon footprint, there is a shift towards eco-friendly modes of transport. Dockless bike sharing offers a zero-emission alternative to traditional motorized vehicles, contributing to reduced air pollution and traffic congestion in urban areas. Furthermore, public health campaigns promoting the benefits of cycling, such as improved fitness and mental well-being, have encouraged more individuals to adopt bike sharing as a part of their daily commute. This alignment with global sustainability goals positions dockless bike sharing as a vital component of the green transportation ecosystem.

The concept of Bicycle-Sharing has gained traction as cities strive to offer more sustainable and efficient transportation options. Bicycle-Sharing programs allow users to rent bicycles on a short-term basis, providing a flexible and eco-friendly alternative to traditional transportation. These systems are particularly beneficial in urban areas, where they help reduce traffic congestion and pollution. By promoting cycling as a viable mode of transport, cities can enhance public health and reduce their carbon footprint. Moreover, the integration of Bicycle-Sharing with public transport networks can improve last-mile connectivity, making it easier for commuters to reach their final destinations. As awareness of environmental issues grows, the popularity of Bicycle-Sharing is expected to rise, contributing to the development of greener urban environments.

In terms of regional outlook, Asia Pacific leads the dockless bike sharing market due to the high population density and rapid urbanization in countries like China and India. China, in particular, has been a frontrunner in the adoption of bike sharing systems, with its major cities heavily investing in dockless bike infrastructure. Europe follows closely, driven by strong environmental policies and government support for sustainable transport initiatives. North America is also witnessing significant growth, with cities implementing bike sharing programs to combat urban congestion and promote healthy lifestyles. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are emerging markets, showing potential for growth due to increasing urbanization and government efforts to improve transportation infrastr

The global bike sharing industry is anticipated to grow exponentially, reaching a market size of USD 7.85 million by 2033, showcasing a robust 9.65% CAGR during the forecast period of 2025-2033. This remarkable growth is attributed to the rising awareness of environmental sustainability, the increasing adoption of active lifestyles, and the growing popularity of bike sharing as a convenient and affordable transportation option. Key market trends driving this growth include the surge in urban population and the subsequent demand for alternative transportation solutions, advancements in bike technology such as e-bikes and IoT-enabled smart bikes, and government initiatives to promote bike-friendly infrastructure and green transportation. However, challenges such as theft, vandalism, and the lack of adequate infrastructure in certain regions may hinder market expansion. The industry's growth is expected to be driven by the increasing popularity of dockless bike sharing systems, the expansion of bike sharing services to new cities and regions, and strategic partnerships between bike sharing companies and other mobility providers. The global bike-sharing industry is a burgeoning market valued at USD 13.1 billion in 2023 and projected to reach USD 35.2 billion by 2031, growing at a CAGR of 11.3% during the forecast period. This growth is driven by increasing urbanization, rising environmental concerns, and government initiatives promoting sustainable transportation. Recent developments include: December 2023: The US International Development Finance Corporation (DFC) and IDB Invest announced that they were co-investing a combined USD 23 million in equity in micro-mobility platform Tembici to support the expansion of bicycle-sharing services in Latin America., March 2023: MYBYK launched two electric bicycle variants, named MYBYK Electric and MYBYK Electric Cargo. The MYBYK Electric model caters to both citizens and tourists, offering a solution for convenient first and last-mile connectivity. The MYBYK Electric Cargo model aims to address the last-mile delivery challenges faced by gig workers., March 2023: Brighton and Hove announced plans to launch a bike-sharing scheme with Beryl. About 75 e-bikes and 19 parking bays will be made available to the general public across the Bright and Hove areas.. Key drivers for this market are: Increasing Inclusion of E-bikes in the Sharing Fleet. Potential restraints include: Limited Infrastructure May Hinder Market Growth. Notable trends are: E-bike Segment Expected to be the Fastest-growing Segment Over the Forecast Period.

This project aims to predict bike rental demand using machine learning, specifically focusing on hourly predictions based on various environmental and temporal features. The dataset used for this analysis is the publicly available "Seoul Bike Sharing Demand" dataset, which includes factors like temperature, humidity, wind speed, and historical rental counts.

Key elements of the project:

1. Model: A trained XGBoost regression model that predicts bike rental counts for each hour, given the relevant environmental and temporal features. This model is built to optimize fleet distribution for bike-sharing companies, helping them efficiently manage resources and reduce operational costs.

2. Visualization: A plot that visualizes the comparison between the ground truth (actual bike rentals) and the predictions made by the XGBoost model. The plot provides insights into how well the model captures patterns in bike rental demand and the accuracy of its forecasts.

3. Predictions (CSV): A CSV file containing the model's predictions for the test set. The CSV includes the predicted bike rental counts, along with relevant features such as date, hour, temperature, and humidity. This dataset is intended for evaluating the performance of the trained model and for further analysis.

4. CodeMeta: A metadata file that provides essential information about the project's code, ensuring it adheres to best practices for reproducibility and transparency in computational research.

5. FAIR4ML: The project follows the FAIR4ML principles to ensure that the machine learning models, datasets, and results are Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reproducible. All code, models, and results are made publicly available for further research and re-use.

Various bike types are available, including traditional bikes, e-bikes, and cargo bikes. E-bikes are equipped with electric motors to assist pedaling, while cargo bikes are designed to carry heavy loads. The market also offers a range of sharing systems:Docked: Bikes are parked at designated docking stations.Dockless: Bikes can be picked up and dropped off anywhere within the designated service area.Rental durations vary, with short-term rentals catering to hourly or daily use and long-term rentals for extended periods. Recent developments include: January 2024: In collaboration with Transdev Portugal, the forthcoming bike-sharing system from nextbike by TIER seamlessly integrates with the local public transportation fare system, offering the potential for sustainable and accessible mobility. Nextbike by TIER, a bike-sharing operator based in Europe, has recently declared a substantial expansion into Portugal. This development marks the inaugural deployment of the company's cutting-edge bike-sharing system in the city of Barcelos. Nextbike, after its recent triumph in Spain, is poised to bring about a paradigm shift in sustainable mobility within the coastal metropolis. , Nextbike, in collaboration with Transdev Portugal, the local provider of public transportation, will launch the tuba bike system, which will include two hundred of its most recent GPS-locatable SMARTbikes. The utilization of these cutting-edge bicycles will offer both local inhabitants and tourists a practical and ecologically sustainable means of transportation. The bike-sharing system will be strategically positioned across an estimated fifty virtual stations, facilitating convenient accessibility and accommodating the ever-changing demands of the local populace.. Notable trends are: Increased venture capital and strategic investment combined are driving the market growth.

The global e-bike sharing service market is experiencing robust growth, with a market size of $1343.3 million in 2025 and a projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 3.4% from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key factors. Increasing urban population density and traffic congestion are driving demand for efficient and eco-friendly last-mile transportation solutions. E-bike sharing offers a convenient and affordable alternative to cars and public transport, particularly for shorter commutes. Furthermore, government initiatives promoting sustainable transportation, coupled with technological advancements leading to improved battery life, safety features, and user-friendly mobile applications, are significantly boosting market adoption. The rise of dockless systems further enhances convenience, allowing users to easily pick up and drop off e-bikes at their destination. Competition among key players like Hellobike, Lime, Bolt, BYKKO, VAIMOO, Migo, Capital Bikeshare, and Wee is fostering innovation and driving down prices, making e-bike sharing accessible to a wider range of consumers. However, challenges remain. Regulatory hurdles in certain regions, concerns about e-bike safety and vandalism, and the need for robust infrastructure to support efficient charging and maintenance pose significant constraints to market growth. While operational costs and the need for effective bike management systems can present challenges, ongoing technological developments and improved operational efficiencies are mitigating these concerns. The market is also segmented by various factors, including bike type, subscription models, and geographical location, with growth opportunities varying across different regions depending on existing infrastructure, environmental policies, and consumer preferences. The overall outlook remains positive, with continued growth anticipated throughout the forecast period, driven by sustained demand for sustainable and efficient urban transportation solutions.

Bike Sharing Service Market Outlook

The global bike-sharing service market size was valued at approximately USD 3.5 billion in 2023 and is projected to grow to an impressive USD 11.2 billion by 2032, exhibiting a robust CAGR of 14.1% during the forecast period. The market's rapid growth can be attributed to several factors, including the increasing urbanization, rising environmental concerns, and the growing need for affordable and convenient transportation solutions. Additionally, advancements in technology and the integration of IoT (Internet of Things) and mobile applications have significantly boosted the accessibility and management of bike-sharing services, further propelling market growth.

One of the primary growth drivers for the bike-sharing service market is the rising urban population, which has led to increased traffic congestion and pollution in many cities worldwide. Bike-sharing services offer a sustainable and efficient alternative to traditional modes of transportation, helping to alleviate these urban challenges. Moreover, governments across various regions are actively promoting bike-sharing programs to reduce carbon emissions and encourage green transportation, further driving the market's expansion. For instance, several European and Asian cities have implemented extensive bike-sharing networks, supported by government subsidies and incentives.

Another significant factor contributing to the market's growth is the increasing consumer preference for healthier and eco-friendly transportation options. As people become more aware of the health benefits of cycling and the need to reduce their carbon footprint, the demand for bike-sharing services has surged. This shift in consumer behavior is particularly evident among younger generations, who are more inclined to adopt sustainable practices. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the adoption of bike-sharing services as people seek safer, contactless modes of transportation to maintain social distancing.

Furthermore, technological advancements have played a crucial role in enhancing the user experience and operational efficiency of bike-sharing services. The integration of IoT, GPS tracking, and mobile apps has made it easier for users to locate, rent, and return bikes, while also enabling service providers to monitor and manage their fleets more effectively. These innovations have led to increased convenience and reliability, attracting a broader user base and encouraging more frequent usage. Moreover, collaborations between bike-sharing companies and tech giants have resulted in the development of advanced bike-sharing systems, further driving market growth.

In terms of regional outlook, Asia Pacific dominates the bike-sharing service market, accounting for a significant share of the global market. The region's rapid urbanization, large population, and strong government support for sustainable transportation initiatives have contributed to the widespread adoption of bike-sharing services. China, in particular, has emerged as a major market player, with numerous cities boasting extensive bike-sharing networks. North America and Europe also hold substantial market shares, driven by increasing environmental awareness and supportive regulatory frameworks. In contrast, the market in Latin America and the Middle East & Africa is still in its nascent stages but is expected to grow steadily over the forecast period.

Bike Type Analysis

The bike-sharing service market can be segmented based on bike type into traditional bikes and e-bikes. Traditional bikes have been the cornerstone of the bike-sharing industry since its inception. These bikes are typically simple, robust, and cost-effective, making them a popular choice for short-distance travel in urban areas. The affordability and widespread availability of traditional bikes have contributed to their continued dominance in the market. Many bike-sharing programs, especially in developing regions, rely heavily on traditional bikes due to their lower maintenance costs and ease of use.

On the other hand, e-bikes are gaining significant traction in the bike-sharing service market owing to their numerous advantages. E-bikes are equipped with an electric motor that assists riders, making it easier to navigate hilly terrains and cover longer distances with less effort. This feature has made e-bikes particularly appealing to a broader demographic, including older adults and

The global bicycle-sharing market, valued at $6.719 billion in 2025, is projected to experience robust growth, driven by increasing urbanization, rising environmental concerns, and the adoption of sustainable transportation solutions. The Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 11% from 2025 to 2033 signifies a significant expansion of this market. Key drivers include government initiatives promoting cycling infrastructure and the growing popularity of bike-sharing programs as a convenient and affordable alternative to private vehicle ownership, particularly among younger demographics. Emerging trends like the integration of smart technologies (GPS tracking, mobile app integration), e-bike integration into sharing schemes, and the expansion of service areas into suburban and rural communities are further fueling market growth. While challenges exist, such as operational costs associated with maintenance and security, and the need for robust infrastructure to support widespread adoption, the overall market outlook remains positive. The diverse segmentation, encompassing various application types (government, community, enterprise) and service models (point-to-point, ride-and-return, distributed), presents opportunities for tailored service offerings. The competitive landscape is dynamic, with established players like Mobike and LimeBike competing alongside numerous regional and local operators. Market penetration in North America and Europe is currently high, but substantial future growth is anticipated in the Asia-Pacific region, particularly in rapidly developing economies with expanding urban populations. The success of bicycle-sharing programs hinges on effective operational strategies, including efficient bike maintenance, strategic station placement, and user-friendly mobile applications. Furthermore, successful integration with public transportation systems and the development of secure locking mechanisms are crucial for enhancing user experience and safety. The market's continued growth will rely on overcoming operational hurdles, fostering public-private partnerships, and adapting to the evolving needs and preferences of urban populations. The increasing awareness of health benefits associated with cycling, coupled with technological advancements and the growing preference for eco-friendly transportation, will continue to drive demand and shape the future of the bicycle-sharing market. The considerable investment in e-bike infrastructure and integration will be a significant factor contributing to the overall market expansion in the coming years.