This dataset includes bibliographic information for 501 papers that were published from 2010-April 2017 (time of search) and use online biodiversity databases for research purposes. Our overarching goal in this study is to determine how research uses of biodiversity data developed during a time of unprecedented growth of online data resources. We also determine uses with the highest number of citations, how online occurrence data are linked to other data types, and if/how data quality is addressed. Specifically, we address the following questions:

1.) What primary biodiversity databases have been cited in published research, and which

 databases have been cited most often?

2.) Is the biodiversity research community citing databases appropriately, and are

 the cited databases currently accessible online?

3.) What are the most common uses, general taxa addressed, and data linkages, and how

 have they changed over time?

4.) What uses have the highest impact, as measured through the mean number of citations

 per year?

5.) Are certain uses applied more often for plants/invertebrates/vertebrates?

6.) Are links to specific data types associated more often with particular uses?

7.) How often are major data quality issues addressed?

8.) What data quality issues tend to be addressed for the top uses?

Relevant papers for this analysis include those that use online and openly accessible primary occurrence records, or those that add data to an online database. Google Scholar (GS) provides full-text indexing, which was important to identify data sources that often appear buried in the methods section of a paper. Our search was therefore restricted to GS. All authors discussed and agreed upon representative search terms, which were relatively broad to capture a variety of databases hosting primary occurrence records. The terms included: “species occurrence” database (8,800 results), “natural history collection” database (634 results), herbarium database (16,500 results), “biodiversity database” (3,350 results), “primary biodiversity data” database (483 results), “museum collection” database (4,480 results), “digital accessible information” database (10 results), and “digital accessible knowledge” database (52 results)--note that quotations are used as part of the search terms where specific phrases are needed in whole. We downloaded all records returned by each search (or the first 500 if there were more) into a Zotero reference management database. About one third of the 2500 papers in the final dataset were relevant. Three of the authors with specialized knowledge of the field characterized relevant papers using a standardized tagging protocol based on a series of key topics of interest. We developed a list of potential tags and descriptions for each topic, including: database(s) used, database accessibility, scale of study, region of study, taxa addressed, research use of data, other data types linked to species occurrence data, data quality issues addressed, authors, institutions, and funding sources. Each tagged paper was thoroughly checked by a second tagger.

The final dataset of tagged papers allow us to quantify general areas of research made possible by the expansion of online species occurrence databases, and trends over time. Analyses of this data will be published in a separate quantitative review.

This comprehensive database describes the core attributes of quantification tools developed for market-based conservation in the United States. It encompasses tools designed for compensatory mitigation, non-compensatory mitigation, and voluntary conservation/restoration programs. The dataset consists of 107 tools. Each tool's features are described using 33 attributes related to general, technical, and ecological/geographic details. This database was first published in 2018. Version 2.0 expands upon the original database by including tools developed for compensatory mitigation under the Clean Water Act section 404 regulatory program. Version 2.0 also provides updates on tool details provided in the original database. To access the formatted version of the database that includes supporting information, download Quantification Tools Database--with formatting and supporting materials (ver. 2.0, June 2022).xlsx below. For help understanding the various database files, download the "Guide to Understanding Files Associated with Database of Quantification Tools.doc" below.

This dataset is an aggregation of historic occurrence records collected by many contributors. It is maintained by the Samoan Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MNRE). It was originally assembled in 1994, by Dr Antony Robinson, who is an Australian researcher who was working for the Volunteer Services Abroad with MNRE for a year. The development and compilation was completed with funds from the CBD Biodiversity Clearing House

** Thank you to GBIF and the BID programme for their support in mobilizing this dataset ** Publication of this dataset was funded by the European Union

This database was developed in the context of the Deliverable 2.1 of the BioAgora project 'Developing the Science Service for European Research and Biodiversity Policymaking' (https://bioagora.eu/). BioAgora is a collaborative European project funded by the Horizon Europe programme (Horizon Europe research and innovation programme, grant agreement No. 101059438). The project's main outcome is intended to be the development of a Science Service for Biodiversity, the principal EU mechanism to connect research and knowledge on biodiversity to the needs of policy making through a continuous dialogue. The ultimate goal of BioAgora and of the Science Service is to support the implementation of the Biodiversity Strategy for 2030, and more broadly the sustainability transition required by the EU Green Deal. The BioAgora project was launched in July 2022 for a duration of 5 years. It gathers a Consortium of 22 partners, from 13 European countries, led the Finnish Environment Institute (Syke). Partners represent a diversity of actors coming from academia, public authorities, SMEs, and associations. Views and opinions expressed are those of the authors only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Commission. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them.

In order to develop the database, a thorough desk search was conducted to compile an extensive, albeit not exhaustive, list of organizations operating at the science-policy-society interface in the context of biodiversity and sustainability. In collecting the list, we focused on actors operating at EU level, although we also included particularly relevant international, regional or national organized actors. The desk search built upon the work already developed in the context of two pan-European projects, funded by the Seventh framework programme of the European Community: ‘Developing a Knowledge Network for European Expertise on biodiversity and ecosystem services to inform policy making and economic sectors (KNEU, 2010-2014, grant 265299) and ‘Establishing a European Knowledge and Learning Mechanism to Improve the Policy-Science-Society Interface on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services’ (Eklipse, 2016-2020, grant 690474). The two above-mentioned projects preceded the BioAgora project in that they aimed at understanding and improving the effectiveness of the biodiversity science-policy(-society) interface in Europe. Such projects had thus already compiled extensive databases of relevant organizations in Europe (including national and international actors, in addition to EU level actors), and quantified the relevance of such organizations based on votes cast by project members and based on interviews with key organizations. The database developed through the desk search conducted was further refined with suggestions for relevant organizations provided by BioAgora’s participants and by the representatives of the organizations interviewed during the other steps of the data collection. The data collection processes started in September 2022 and was updated until June 2024. Note that the categories for network types (Columns E-F) are not mutually exclusive. For further details about the development of the database please see Deliverable 2.1 (https://bioagora.eu/deliverables/).

The United States Geological Survey (USGS) - Science Analytics and Synthesis (SAS) - Gap Analysis Project (GAP) manages the Protected Areas Database of the United States (PAD-US), an Arc10x geodatabase, that includes a full inventory of areas dedicated to the preservation of biological diversity and to other natural, recreation, historic, and cultural uses, managed for these purposes through legal or other effective means (www.usgs.gov/core-science-systems/science-analytics-and-synthesis/gap/science/protected-areas). The PAD-US is developed in partnership with many organizations, including coordination groups at the [U.S.] Federal level, lead organizations for each State, and a number of national and other non-governmental organizations whose work is closely related to the PAD-US. Learn more about the USGS PAD-US partners program here: www.usgs.gov/core-science-systems/science-analytics-and-synthesis/gap/science/pad-us-data-stewards. The United Nations Environmental Program - World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC) tracks global progress toward biodiversity protection targets enacted by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) through the World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA) and World Database on Other Effective Area-based Conservation Measures (WD-OECM) available at: www.protectedplanet.net. See the Aichi Target 11 dashboard (www.protectedplanet.net/en/thematic-areas/global-partnership-on-aichi-target-11) for official protection statistics recognized globally and developed for the CBD, or here for more information and statistics on the United States of America's protected areas: www.protectedplanet.net/country/USA. It is important to note statistics published by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Marine Protected Areas (MPA) Center (www.marineprotectedareas.noaa.gov/dataanalysis/mpainventory/) and the USGS-GAP (www.usgs.gov/core-science-systems/science-analytics-and-synthesis/gap/science/pad-us-statistics-and-reports) differ from statistics published by the UNEP-WCMC as methods to remove overlapping designations differ slightly and U.S. Territories are reported separately by the UNEP-WCMC (e.g. The largest MPA, "Pacific Remote Islands Marine Monument" is attributed to the United States Minor Outlying Islands statistics). At the time of PAD-US 2.1 publication (USGS-GAP, 2020), NOAA reported 26% of U.S. marine waters (including the Great Lakes) as protected in an MPA that meets the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) definition of biodiversity protection (www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about). USGS-GAP plans to publish PAD-US 2.1 Statistics and Reports in the spring of 2021. The relationship between the USGS, the NOAA, and the UNEP-WCMC is as follows: - USGS manages and publishes the full inventory of U.S. marine and terrestrial protected areas data in the PAD-US representing many values, developed in collaboration with a partnership network in the U.S. and; - USGS is the primary source of U.S. marine and terrestrial protected areas data for the WDPA, developed from a subset of the PAD-US in collaboration with the NOAA, other agencies and non-governmental organizations in the U.S., and the UNEP-WCMC and; - UNEP-WCMC is the authoritative source of global protected area statistics from the WDPA and WD-OECM and; - NOAA is the authoritative source of MPA data in the PAD-US and MPA statistics in the U.S. and; - USGS is the authoritative source of PAD-US statistics (including areas primarily managed for biodiversity, multiple uses including natural resource extraction, and public access). The PAD-US 2.1 Combined Marine, Fee, Designation, Easement feature class (GAP Status Code 1 and 2 only) is the source of protected areas data in this WDPA update. Tribal areas and military lands represented in the PAD-US Proclamation feature class as GAP Status Code 4 (no known mandate for biodiversity protection) are not included as spatial data to represent internal protected areas are not available at this time. The USGS submitted more than 42,900 protected areas from PAD-US 2.1, including all 50 U.S. States and 6 U.S. Territories, to the UNEP-WCMC for inclusion in the May 2021 WDPA, available at www.protectedplanet.net. The NOAA is the sole source of MPAs in PAD-US and the National Conservation Easement Database (NCED, www.conservationeasement.us/) is the source of conservation easements. The USGS aggregates authoritative federal lands data directly from managing agencies for PAD-US (www.communities.geoplatform.gov/ngda-govunits/federal-lands-workgroup/), while a network of State data-stewards provide state, local government lands, and some land trust preserves. National nongovernmental organizations contribute spatial data directly (www.usgs.gov/core-science-systems/science-analytics-and-synthesis/gap/science/pad-us-data-stewards). The USGS translates the biodiversity focused subset of PAD-US into the WDPA schema (UNEP-WCMC, 2019) for efficient aggregation by the UNEP-WCMC. The USGS maintains WDPA Site Identifiers (WDPAID, WDPA_PID), a persistent identifier for each protected area, provided by UNEP-WCMC. Agency partners are encouraged to track WDPA Site Identifier values in source datasets to improve the efficiency and accuracy of PAD-US and WDPA updates. The IUCN protected areas in the U.S. are managed by thousands of agencies and organizations across the country and include over 42,900 designated sites such as National Parks, National Wildlife Refuges, National Monuments, Wilderness Areas, some State Parks, State Wildlife Management Areas, Local Nature Preserves, City Natural Areas, The Nature Conservancy and other Land Trust Preserves, and Conservation Easements. The boundaries of these protected places (some overlap) are represented as polygons in the PAD-US, along with informative descriptions such as Unit Name, Manager Name, and Designation Type. As the WDPA is a global dataset, their data standards (UNEP-WCMC 2019) require simplification to reduce the number of records included, focusing on the protected area site name and management authority as described in the Supplemental Information section in this metadata record. Given the numerous organizations involved, sites may be added or removed from the WDPA between PAD-US updates. These differences may reflect actual change in protected area status; however, they also reflect the dynamic nature of spatial data or Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Many agencies and non-governmental organizations are working to improve the accuracy of protected area boundaries, the consistency of attributes, and inventory completeness between PAD-US updates. In addition, USGS continually seeks partners to review and refine the assignment of conservation measures in the PAD-US.

The UN Biodiversity Lab is an online platform that allows policymakers and other partners to access global data layers, upload and manipulate their own datasets, and query multiple datasets to provide key information on the Aichi Biodiversity Targets and nature-based Sustainable Development Goals.

The core mission of the UN Biodiversity Lab is three-fold: to build spatial literacy to enable better decisions, to use spatial data as a vehicle for improved transparency and accountability, and to apply insights from spatial data across sectors to deliver on the Convention on Biological Diversity and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

Admiralty Bay is one of the best studied sites in the maritime Antarctic. The first benthos data has been recorded in 1906 and knowledge is constantly gained by the research activities of permanent stations, Arctowski (Poland, since 1977), and Ferraz (Brazil, since 1984).

Admiralty Bay is a protected area within the Antarctic Treaty System, an “Antarctic Specially Managed Area” (ASMA). It was also a reference site under the EASIZ programme, and has been or is currently investigated by several nations : Poland, Brazil, United States, Peru, Ecuador, Germany, The Netherlands, Belgium.

ABBED (Admiralty Bay Benthos Biodiversity Database) is a Belgian-Polish initiative, which aims at compiling and linking existing information on Admiralty Bay benthos biodiversity and ecology. This information will be digitized into a database and linked to wider Antarctic marine biodiversity initiatives, such as SCAR-MarBIN, which will disseminate the information through a web portal.

Being highly diverse in its content, formats and data providers, ABBED will constitute an extremely interesting case-study for SCAR-MarBIN, allowing to test strategic options which were retained for the development of the network. Moreover, the quality and quantity of data which will be made available to the community will reinforce the status of Admiralty Bay as a true reference point for Antarctic biodiversity research.

The project aims at developing an interactive database on the biodiversity of benthic communities of Admiralty Bay, King George Island, for scientific, monitoring, management and conservation purposes. It is intended to be a springboard for promoting future research in this region, by centralizing the relevant information for i.e. scientific programme design.

This project involved three types of data: (1) secondary data of rural forested communities using US Census, National Land Cover Data (NLCD), and USGS public domain data; (2) key informant semi-structured interviews in 9 communities in four states; and (3) community resident surveys. Resources in this dataset:Resource Title: Summary data from resident surveys. File Name: Short_answer_frequencies_analysis_FOR_UPLOAD.xlsxResource Description: Frequency analysis by question for surveys administered. Please contact us for further information.

Our world is in the midst of unprecedented change—climate shifts and sustained, widespread habitat degradation have led to dramatic declines in biodiversity rivaling historical extinction events. At the same time, new approaches to publishing and integrating previously disconnected data resources promise to help provide the evidence needed for more efficient and effective conservation and management. Stakeholders have invested considerable resources to contribute to online databases of species occurrences. However, estimates suggest that only 10% of biocollections are available in digital form. The biocollections community must therefore continue to promote digitization efforts, which in part requires demonstrating compelling applications of the data. Our overarching goal is therefore to determine trends in use of mobilized species occurrence data since 2010, as online systems have grown and now provide over one billion records. To do this, we characterized 501 papers that use openly accessible biodiversity databases. Our standardized tagging protocol was based on key topics of interest, including: database(s) used, taxa addressed, general uses of data, other data types linked to species occurrence data, and data quality issues addressed. We found that the most common uses of online biodiversity databases have been to estimate species distribution and richness, to outline data compilation and publication, and to assist in developing species checklists or describing new species. Only 69% of papers in our dataset addressed one or more aspects of data quality, which is low considering common errors and biases known to exist in opportunistic datasets. Globally, we find that biodiversity databases are still in the initial stages of data compilation. Novel and integrative applications are restricted to certain taxonomic groups and regions with higher numbers of quality records. Continued data digitization, publication, enhancement, and quality control efforts are necessary to make biodiversity science more efficient and relevant in our fast-changing environment.

The Mediterranean Ocean Biodiversity Information System (MedOBIS) is a distributed system that allows you to search multiple datasets simultaneously for biogeographic information on marine organisms. AccConID=21 AccConstrDescription=This license lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the original creation. This is the most accommodating of licenses offered. Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials. AccConstrDisplay=This dataset is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. AccConstrEN=Attribution (CC BY) AccessConstraint=Attribution (CC BY) AccessConstraints=None Acronym=MedOBIS added_date=2004-12-17 13:02:51 BrackishFlag=0 CDate=2004-12-07 cdm_data_type=Other CheckedFlag=1 Citation=Hellenic Centre For Marine Research, MedOBIS - Mediterranean Ocean Biodiversity Information System. Hellenic Centre for Marine Research; Institute of Marine Biology and Genetics; Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management Department, Heraklion, Greece. Http://www.medobis.org/ Comments=None ContactEmail=arvanitidis@her.hcmr.gr Conventions=COARDS, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3 CurrencyDate=None DasID=481 DasOrigin=Data collection DasType=Data DasTypeID=1 DateLastModified={'date': '2025-08-22 01:33:40.264606', 'timezone_type': 1, 'timezone': '+02:00'} DescrCompFlag=0 DescrTransFlag=0 Easternmost_Easting=35.38 EmbargoDate=None EngAbstract=The Mediterranean Ocean Biodiversity Information System (MedOBIS) is a distributed system that allows you to search multiple datasets simultaneously for biogeographic information on marine organisms. EngDescr=An attempt to collect, format, analyse and disseminate surveyed marine biological data deriving from the Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea region is currently under development at the Hellenic Center for Marine Research (HCMR, Greece). The effort has been supported by the MedOBIS project (Mediterranean Ocean Biodiversity Information System) and has been carried out in cooperation with the Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki (Greece), the National Institute of Oceanography (Israel) and the Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas (Ukraine). The aim is to develop a taxon-based biogeography database and online data server with a link to survey and provide satellite environmental data. In its completion, the MedOBIS online marine biological data system (http://www.medobis.org/) will be a single source of biological and environmental data (raw and analysed) as well as an online GIS tool for access of historical and current data by marine researchers. It will function as the Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea node of EurOBIS (the European node of the International OBIS initiative, part of the Census of Marine Life).

The spatial component of data has led to the integration of datasets by means of the Geographic Information System (GIS) technology. The latter is widely used as the natural framework for spatial data handling. GIS serves as the basic technological infrastructure for several online marine biodiversity databases available on the Internet today. Developments like OBIS (Ocean Biodiversity Information System, http://www.iobis.org/), OBIS-SEAMAP (Spatial Ecological Analysis of Megavertebrate Populations, http://seamap.env.duke.edu) and FIGIS (FAO Fisheries Global Information System, http://www.fao.org/fi/figis) facilitate the study of anthropogenic impacts on threatened species, enhance our ability to test biogeographic and biodiversity models, support modeling efforts to predict distribution changes in response to environmental change and develop a strong potential for the public outreach component. In addition, such online database systems provide a broader view of marine biodiversity problems and allow the development of management practices that are based on synthetic analysis of interdisciplinary data.

Towards this end, a new online marine biological information system is developed. MedOBIS (Mediterranean Ocean Biodiversity Information System) intends to assemble, formulate and disseminate marine biological data for the Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea regions focusing on the assurance and longevity of historical surveyed data, the assembly of current and new information and the dissemination of raw and integrated biological and environmental data and future products through the Internet.

To provide a taxon-based search capability to the MedOBIS development, the sampling data as well as the relevant spatial data are stored in the database, so taxonomic data can be linked with the geographical data by queries. To reference each species to its location on the map, the database queries are stored and added to the applet as individual layers. A search function written in JavaScript searches the attribute data of that layer, displays the results in a separate window and marks the matching stations on the map. Finally, selecting several stations by drawing a zooming rectangle on the map provides a list with predefined themes from which the user may select more information.

As more data will be assembled in time-series databases, an additional future work will include the development of MedOBIS data analysis phase, which is planned to include GIS modeling/mapping of species-environment interactions. FreshFlag=0 GBIF_UUID=83bede10-f762-11e1-a439-00145eb45e9a geospatial_lat_max=45.7 geospatial_lat_min=31.89 geospatial_lat_units=degrees_north geospatial_lon_max=35.38 geospatial_lon_min=12.3 geospatial_lon_units=degrees_east infoUrl=None InputNotes=S:\datac\original datasets\Marbef\Europe\EurOBIS\MedOBIS[481]\medobis_masterbase.mdb institution=HCMR License=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Lineage=Prior to publication data undergo quality control checked which are described in https://github.com/EMODnet/EMODnetBiocheck?tab=readme-ov-file#understanding-the-output MarineFlag=1 modified_sync=2021-02-04 00:00:00 Northernmost_Northing=45.7 OrigAbstract=None OrigDescr=None OrigDescrLang=None OrigDescrLangNL=None OrigLangCode=None OrigLangCodeExtended=None OrigLangID=None OrigTitle=None OrigTitleLang=None OrigTitleLangCode=None OrigTitleLangID=None OrigTitleLangNL=None Progress=In Progress PublicFlag=1 ReleaseDate=Dec 17 2004 12:00AM ReleaseDate0=2004-12-17 RevisionDate=None SizeReference=2953 species; 776 stations sourceUrl=(local files) Southernmost_Northing=31.89 standard_name_vocabulary=CF Standard Name Table v70 StandardTitle=Mediterranean Ocean Biodiversity Information System StatusID=1 subsetVariables=ScientificName,aphia_id TerrestrialFlag=0 UDate=2025-03-26 VersionDate=Dec 7 2004 12:00AM VersionDay=7 VersionMonth=12 VersionName=1 VersionYear=2004 VlizCoreFlag=1 Westernmost_Easting=12.3

The database deals with the native plants of the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR) – home to two global biodiversity hotspots in India: the Himalaya and the Indo-Burma. The database, currently comprises of 11,743 native plant species distributed among the 13 provinces of IHR. The database is based on an extensive quantitative synthesis of 324 floristic studies published between 1872 to 2022. The database follows the scientific nomenclature as per the World Flora Online (2022) (https://www.worldfloraonline.org/). The database includes curated information on species richness, provincial distribution, life-history traits (growth form, lifespan), endemic and threatened status of the plants of IHR.

Germany DE: Official Development Assistance: % of Total ODA: Biodiversity data was reported at 12.040 % in 2021. This records an increase from the previous number of 11.220 % for 2020. Germany DE: Official Development Assistance: % of Total ODA: Biodiversity data is updated yearly, averaging 9.220 % from Dec 1998 (Median) to 2021, with 24 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 15.770 % in 1998 and a record low of 3.840 % in 2008. Germany DE: Official Development Assistance: % of Total ODA: Biodiversity data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.OECD.GGI: Environmental: Environmental Policy, Taxes and Transfers: OECD Member: Annual.

Urbanization is a major driver of environmental change and is closely linked to the future of biodiversity. Cities can host a high richness of plants and animals, and this urban biodiversity supports multiple regulating, provisioning and cultural ecosystem services. Developing biodiversity-friendly cities is thus inextricably linked to sustainable urban development and human wellbeing. The contributions to this Special Issue on “Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Urban Development” in the journal Sustainability illustrate the role of urban environments as pressures on biodiversity, and envision pathways towards developing more biodiverse urban environments that are accepted and supported by people. Contributions reveal promising opportunities for conserving biodiversity within many urban landscapes. The insights from this Special Issue can support urban conservation policies and their implementation in the development of sustainable cities.

The EUNIS Database is the European Nature Information System, developed and managed by the European Topic Centre on Biological Diversity (ETC/BD in Paris) for the European Environment Agency (EEA) and the European Environmental Information Observation Network(Eionet).The EUNIS Database web application provides access to publicly available data in a consolidated database. The information includes:Data on Species, Habitats and Sites compiled in the framework of NATURA2000 (EU Habitats and Birds Directives), Data collected from frameworks, data sources or material published by ETC/BD (formerly the European Topic Centre for Nature Conservation). Information on Species, Habitats and Sites taken into account in relevant international conventions or from International Red Lists. Specific data collected in the framework of the EEA's reporting activities, which also constitute a core set of data to be updated periodically.

The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA) is the most comprehensive global database of marine and terrestrial protected areas, updated on a monthly basis, and is one of the key global biodiversity data sets being widely used by scientists, businesses, governments, International secretariats and others to inform planning, policy decisions and management. The WDPA is a joint project between UN Environment and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The compilation and management of the WDPA is carried out by UN Environment World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), in collaboration with governments, non-governmental organisations, academia and industry. There are monthly updates of the data which are made available online through the Protected Planet website where the data is both viewable and downloadable. Data and information on the world's protected areas compiled in the WDPA are used for reporting to the Convention on Biological Diversity on progress towards reaching the Aichi Biodiversity Targets (particularly Target 11), to the UN to track progress towards the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, to some of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) core indicators, and other international assessments and reports including the Global Biodiversity Outlook, as well as for the publication of the United Nations List of Protected Areas. Every two years, UNEP-WCMC releases the Protected Planet Report on the status of the world's protected areas and recommendations on how to meet international goals and targets. Many platforms are incorporating the WDPA to provide integrated information to diverse users, including businesses and governments, in a range of sectors including mining, oil and gas, and finance. For example, the WDPA is included in the Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool, an innovative decision support tool that gives users easy access to up-to-date information that allows them to identify biodiversity risks and opportunities within a project boundary. The reach of the WDPA is further enhanced in services developed by other parties, such as the Global Forest Watch and the Digital Observatory for Protected Areas, which provide decision makers with access to monitoring and alert systems that allow whole landscapes to be managed better. Together, these applications of the WDPA demonstrate the growing value and significance of the Protected Planet initiative.

Monaco Official Development Assistance: % of Total ODA: Biodiversity data was reported at 17.680 % in 2021. Monaco Official Development Assistance: % of Total ODA: Biodiversity data is updated yearly, averaging 17.680 % from Dec 2021 (Median) to 2021, with 1 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 17.680 % in 2021 and a record low of 17.680 % in 2021. Monaco Official Development Assistance: % of Total ODA: Biodiversity data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Monaco – Table MC.OECD.GGI: Environmental: Environmental Policy, Taxes and Transfers: Non OECD Member: Annual.

The supplementary material provides additional detail on methods and data sources used in the case studies and examples that are describe in the main article.

This collection comprises account-ready data for biodiversity in the Murray-Darling Basin, developed in the ‘Ecosystem Accounts for the Murray-Darling Basin’ project, one of two Regional Ecosystem Accounting Pilot (REAP) projects delivering ecosystem accounts at sub-national scales. The account-ready data in this collection are used to compile biodiversity accounts for the Murray-Darling Basin (MDB). The data provided are spatial layers of predicted status of different biodiversity features across the Murray-Darling Basin over time, prepared for use in ecosystem accounts. The biodiversity features for which account-ready data are provided are: nationally listed threatened species; waterbirds; vascular plants; reptiles; all birds; and several focal species (river red gum, lignum, royal spoonbill, straw-necked ibis). For all biodiversity features, annual patterns of expected (or potential) status were derived by combining remotely sensed data with information on expected patterns in biodiversity, incorporating field observation data. The status of all biodiversity features has been estimated annually, for each year from 2001 (or earlier) to 2018, using a common spatial grid of 100 m resolution covering the Murray-Darling Basin. These data align with other account-ready data prepared for the Murray-Darling Basin under the Regional Ecosystem Accounting Pilot projects, including for ecosystem extent, ecosystem condition and ecosystem services. Lineage: See attached document - Methods for developing account-ready data: biodiversity in the Murray-Darling Basin.

In summary, data were prepared with the objective of directly informing ecosystem accounting for the Murray-Darling Basin. Different methods were applied in developing the account-ready data for different biodiversity features, however, all data were developed using a habitat-based approach to biodiversity assessment. This habitat-based approach combines spatially complete remotely sensed data on aspects relevant to the habitat quality for different biodiversity features, with spatially complete information on expected spatial patterns for those biodiversity features. The spatial layers produced provide an indication of the expected provision of habitat for each biodiversity feature across the region of interest for each year.

The data files provided are separated by the key biodiversity features, with the data and file naming convention described in full in the attached method document.

South Korea Official Development Assistance: % of Total ODA: Biodiversity data was reported at 6.730 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 6.460 % for 2021. South Korea Official Development Assistance: % of Total ODA: Biodiversity data is updated yearly, averaging 1.240 % from Dec 2006 (Median) to 2022, with 17 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6.730 % in 2022 and a record low of 0.000 % in 2006. South Korea Official Development Assistance: % of Total ODA: Biodiversity data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s South Korea – Table KR.OECD.GGI: Environmental: Environmental Policy, Taxes and Transfers: OECD Member: Annual.

Switzerland Official Development Assistance: % of Total ODA: Biodiversity data was reported at 8.120 % in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 10.080 % for 2020. Switzerland Official Development Assistance: % of Total ODA: Biodiversity data is updated yearly, averaging 8.040 % from Dec 1998 (Median) to 2021, with 24 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 11.950 % in 2011 and a record low of 3.570 % in 2000. Switzerland Official Development Assistance: % of Total ODA: Biodiversity data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Switzerland – Table CH.OECD.GGI: Environmental: Environmental Policy, Taxes and Transfers: OECD Member: Annual.