We describe below the data and provide an overview of the specific variables that are constructed for the analysis in the following papers: “Revisiting Global Biodiversity: A Spatial Analysis of Species Occurrence Data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility” by Dasgupta, Blankespoor, and Wheeler” (2024) “Estimating Extinction Risks with Species Occurrence Data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility” by Dasgupta, Blankespoor, and Wheeler (2024). "Fishing and Climate Change in Coastal Bangladesh : The Economic and Health Impacts of Increasing Salinity" by Blankespoor; Dasgupta; Huq; Khan; Mustafa; Wheeler (2025). "Implementing 30x30 Lessons from Country Case Studies" by Dasgupta, Blankespoor, and Wheeler (2025). "Bridging Conflicts and Biodiversity Protection : The Critical Role of Reliable and Comparable Data" by Blankespoor, Dasgupta, and Wheeler (2025). | This dataset contains important information and resources. For comprehensive details, documentation, and inquiries, please contact data@worldbank.org. Additional metadata and related resources are available on this page.

The NYS Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) collects and maintains several datasets on the locations, distribution and status of species of plants and animals. Information on distribution by county from the following three databases was extracted and compiled into this dataset. First, the New York Natural Heritage Program biodiversity database: Rare animals, rare plants, and significant natural communities. Significant natural communities are rare or high-quality wetlands, forests, grasslands, ponds, streams, and other types of habitats. Next, the 2nd NYS Breeding Bird Atlas Project database: Birds documented as breeding during the atlas project from 2000-2005. And last, DEC’s NYS Reptile and Amphibian Database: Reptiles and amphibians; most records are from the NYS Amphibian & Reptile Atlas Project (Herp Atlas) from 1990-1999.

The EUNIS Database is the European Nature Information System, developed and managed by the European Topic Centre on Biological Diversity (ETC/BD in Paris) for the European Environment Agency (EEA) and the European Environmental Information Observation Network(Eionet).The EUNIS Database web application provides access to publicly available data in a consolidated database. The information includes:Data on Species, Habitats and Sites compiled in the framework of NATURA2000 (EU Habitats and Birds Directives), Data collected from frameworks, data sources or material published by ETC/BD (formerly the European Topic Centre for Nature Conservation). Information on Species, Habitats and Sites taken into account in relevant international conventions or from International Red Lists. Specific data collected in the framework of the EEA's reporting activities, which also constitute a core set of data to be updated periodically.

Global Species Abundance and Diversity

Ecological Insights for the Anthropocene

By [source]

About this dataset

BioTIME is an invaluable open source biodiversity database, brought to life by an international research collective. Comprised of species abundance and diversity data from different ecological sites around the world, BioTIME provides a comprehensive global perspective on species richness in the Anthropocene. This extensive dataset can help us understand and comprehend trends and insights about the history of global biodiversity for many years to come.

From current to past records, this dataset offers detailed information about species composition, abundance levels and diversity throughout time. Through such analysis, researchers can better recognize the intricate connections between global ecosystems over time - providing insight into changes in climate and habitats due to human activity or natural causes. With its global scope and unparalleled depth of data points, this dataset sets itself apart as a unique resource for future ecological studies - available free to all!

Look through each column provided: DAY, MONTH ,YEAR ,SAMPLE_DESC ,PLOT ,LATITUDE ,LONGITUDE ,sum.allrawdata.ABUNDANCE ,sum.allrawdata.BIOMASS GENUS ,SPECIESGENUS_SPECIES REALMCLIMATE GENERAL_TREATMENT TREATMENT TREAT_COMMENTS TREAT_DATEHABITATPROTECTED_AREA BIOME_MAP TAXA ORGANISMSTITLE AB_BIOHAS_PLOTDATA_POINTSSTART_YEAREND _YEARCENT _LATCENT _LONGNUMBER _OF . SPECIESSNUMBER _OF . SAMPLESNUMBER _

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How to use the dataset

First, it is important to understand the columns included in this dataset: DAY, MONTH, YEAR, SAMPLE_DESC (description of sample), PLOT (where sample was taken), LATITUDE & LONGITUDE (coordinates), sum.allrawdata.ABUNDANCE & sum.allrawdata.BIOMASS(total abundance/biomass of species observed in samples), GENUS & SPECIES (genus/species observed in samples). REALM (the geographic realm where samples were taken from) CLIMATE(climate type for study area), GENERAL_TREAT & TREATMENT (general/specific treatments applied to study area) TREAT_COMMENTS(additional comments on the treatment) HABITAT(habitat type from study area) PROTECTED_AREA whether or not it is a protected area BIOME_MAP biome map TAXA taxonomic group ORGANISMS organisms studied TITLE title description AB_BIO abundance or biomass HAS_PLOT whether or not the study has a plot DATA POINTS number of data points START_YEAR start year END_YEAR end year CENT-LAT central latitude CENT-LONG central longitude NUMBER OF SPECIES number of species studied NUMBER OF SAMPLES number of samples taken NUMBER LAT LONG number latitude and longitude GRAIN SIZE TEXT grain size text GRAIN SQ KM grain size kilometers AREA SQ KM area square kilometers CONTACT 1 primary contact CONTACT 2 secondary contact CONT 1 MAIL primary contacts email address CONT 2 MAIL secondary contacts email address LICENSE license associated with studies WEB LINK web link DATA SOURCE source of data METHODS methods used SUMMARY METHODS summary methods COMMENTS additional comments DATE STUDY ADDED date added to database ABUNDANCE TYPE type abundance data COLLECTED BIOMASS TYPE type biomass collected SAMPLE DESC NAME name sample description

The second step towards understanding this dataset is exploring how each column can be utilized within your research project; depending on your research topic the usage will vary according to what information you may be needing or searching for within

Research Ideas

• Investigating historical patterns of species distribution – By leveraging the temporal data in this dataset, researchers can observe changes in species abundance and diversity over a given period of time and compare it to environmental factors. This could shed light on current distributions of species as well as inform conservation efforts by providing information about formerly healthy ecosystems or unsustainable management practices.
• Determining the impact of human actions on biodiversity – Through analysis of BioTIME data, land development and subsequent changes to habitat loss may be identified, allowing researchers to understand the impact human action has had upon a species population size or geographic range over time.
• Analysing climate change effects on biodiversity – By examining changes in abundance, diversity and geographic range across different study sites captured over several years within this dataset, researchers may detect correlations between climatic conditions such as temperature increases and precipitation levels with certain species diversity acr...

The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment: MA Biodiversity provides data and information on amphibians, disease agents (extent and distribution of infectious and parasitic diseases), drylands (cattle, sheep and goats, and pasture), islands (fishing pressure, sewage pollution index and tourism), loss of natural land cover (biomes and realms), polar population, species distribution models, and terrestrial ecoregions and realms. Biodiversity is defined as the variability among living organisms from all sources, including terrestrial, marine, and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are a part. The original information was received from multiple sources that include the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN, formerly the World Conservation Union), the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), the History Database of the Global Environment (HYDE) of Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (PBL), and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument on-board NASA satellites Terra and Aqua. Through the Convention on Biological Diversity, United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification, Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, and the Convention on Migratory Species, the data were also designed to meet the needs of stakeholders in the business, civil and native commUnities.

California supports one of the greatest displays of biodiversity in the nation and the world. The challenge posed by the 30x30 initiative, is to plan and implement conservation strategies which allow all Californians to continue to flourish and succeed, while also ensuring that we safeguard the great abundance of species which reside in this state, and in many cases, exist nowhere else on Earth.

Maximizing the benefits of 30x30 for everyone requires, among many other factors, deliberate consideration of the landscape and the ways in which biodiversity is distributed within it. This Explorer introduces several types of biodiversity data for stakeholders to consider when engaged in conservation planning.

The Biodiversity Explorer includes dashboards for the Areas of Conservation Emphasis (ACE) and Habitat and Land Cover datasets. These allow deeper explorations of the state’s exceptional biodiversity and the current state of conservation by land cover.

The Areas of Conservation Emphasis (ACE) dashboard presents summaries of species data collected and analyzed by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) as part of its ongoing ACE project. ACE rolls multiple types of Species Richness into a Biodiversity Index, and also considers Connectivity, Climate Resilience, and Significant Habitats, all important factors to species and ecological health.

The Habitat and Land Cover dashboard presents maps and summaries of land cover according to categories defined by the California Wildlife Habitat Relationship System (CWHR) maintained by CDFW. Conserving connected networks of all land cover types is key to conserving the species which depend upon them. The Habitat and Land Cover dashboard shows the percentage that each land cover type comprises within a county or ecoregion, and the degree to which it falls within already conserved areas.

Bidiversity assessment

Observations from schools and private individuals recorded on Miljolare.no.

Observadores del Mar is a marine citizen science platform launched in 2012 devoted to enhancing the understanding of the conservation status of marine ecosystems. The platform hosts 13 projects covering 8 main taxa: corals, jellyfishes, decapod crustaceans, fishes, seaweeds, seagrasses, seabirds and molluscs, in addition to two projects focused on marine litter and reporting information on two main topics: i) biodiversity data focusing mainly on species distribution and abundance, and ii) the impacts of anthropogenic activities (e.g. jellyfish blooms) and associated mid- to long-term changes (e.g. colonization of invasive species). Almost 12000 observations validated by scientists have been already collected resulting in more than 20 scientific papers and communications. The major findings have been new records of introduced and invasive species, tracking the spread of novel pen shell mortality outbreak in the Mediterranean Sea and monitoring microplastic concentration on beaches.

This comprehensive database describes the core attributes of quantification tools developed for market-based conservation in the United States. It encompasses tools designed for compensatory mitigation, non-compensatory mitigation, and voluntary conservation/restoration programs. The dataset consists of 107 tools. Each tool's features are described using 33 attributes related to general, technical, and ecological/geographic details. This database was first published in 2018. Version 2.0 expands upon the original database by including tools developed for compensatory mitigation under the Clean Water Act section 404 regulatory program. Version 2.0 also provides updates on tool details provided in the original database. To access the formatted version of the database that includes supporting information, download Quantification Tools Database--with formatting and supporting materials (ver. 2.0, June 2022).xlsx below. For help understanding the various database files, download the "Gu ...

Dataset that provides a direct link to Kiribati's data hosted on the GBIF website/ records.

We identified and document 137 datasets and databases on European biodiversity, ecosystem services, the drivers and pressures affecting them, and the mechanisms put in place to address these. These datasets represent nearly 2000 variables and metrics that can be used directly by researchers, land managers and decision-makers for example for spatial planning in conservation or be further integrated into biodiversity and ecosystem services models.

This metadatabase and associated tables supports Deliverable 3.1 of the NaturaConnect Horizon Europe project (D3.1 Report and data on the biodiversity, protected areas and environmental and socioeconomic data available for the project. Including data gap analysis).

Content

1. Typology.xlsx - Table presenting the typology used to classify and document the datasets and databases within the metadatabase. The typology used to classify those datasets and the variables and metrics within them is built on the DPSIR framework (Drivers, Pressures, State, Impact, Response), the Threats Classification Scheme (version 3.3) of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), as well as the Essential Biodiversity Variables and Essential Ecosystem Services Variables frameworks (EBVs and EESVs respectively).

2. MetaDatabase.xlsx - MetaDatabase documenting the datasets and databases identified in the context of the NaturaConnect project. This metadatabase documents for each dataset or database:

Method - Databases and Datasets identification

The entries of the metadatabase were identified through three main approaches.

First, a list of online catalogues and repositories was produced and scoped for relevant datasets or databases: European Environment Agency Datahub, European Environment Agency EIONET Central Data Repository, COPERNICUS Land Monitoring Service, Essential Biodiversity Variables - EBV data portal of the Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity Observation Network, Open Traits Network Catalogue, Open Environmental Data Cube Europe, NASA’s Earth Data, NASA’s SEDAC (Socioeconomic data and application center), Euro-Lex (access to European Union Law), JRC - ESDAC (European Soil Data Center), Database of European Vegetation Habitats and Flora, ESA (European Space Agency) Climate Office.

Second, a survey was sent out to all NaturaConnect consortium members in the third quarter of 2022 to identify both their needs and uses of data across the data typology. This allowed to identify (and document) additional datasets either used or produced within the consortium.

Lastly, the research team punctually added scientific publications of large-scale datasets, although it is important to highlight that this is not resulting from a systematic survey effort of the literature.

For more information, see the Species Biodiversity Summary Factsheet at http://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=152834. The user can view a list of species potentially present in each hexagon in the ACE online map viewer https://apps.wildlife.ca.gov/ace/. Note that the names of some rare or endemic species, such as those at risk of over-collection, have been suppressed from the list of species names per hexagon, but are still included in the species counts. The California Department of Fish and Wildlife’s (CDFW) Areas of Conservation Emphasis (ACE) is a compilation and analysis of the best-available statewide spatial information in California on biodiversity, rarity and endemism, harvested species, significant habitats, connectivity and wildlife movement, climate vulnerability, climate refugia, and other relevant data (e.g., other conservation priorities such as those identified in the State Wildlife Action Plan (SWAP), stressors, land ownership). ACE addresses both terrestrial and aquatic data. The ACE model combines and analyzes terrestrial information in a 2.5 square mile hexagon grid and aquatic information at the HUC12 watershed level across the state to produce a series of maps for use in non-regulatory evaluation of conservation priorities in California. The model addresses as many of CDFWs statewide conservation and recreational mandates as feasible using high quality data sources. High value areas statewide and in each USDA Ecoregion were identified. The ACE maps and data can be viewed in the ACE online map viewer, or downloaded for use in ArcGIS. For more detailed information see https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Data/Analysis/ACE and https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=24326.

This dataset summarizes biodiversity data on plants, animals, marine and other biodiversity elements in Cook Islands.

As of September 2025, biological resource use was the*************t to key biodiversity areas globally, counting nearly ***** areas. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), this category includes all threats from consumptive use of wild biological resources including both deliberate and unintentional harvesting effects, including persecution or control of specific species.

The data in this resource consist of biodiversity occurrence records drawn from the National Biodiversity Data Bank's database. The data was clipped using the Albertine Rift boundaries and mapped to Darwin Core terms by the NBDB's manager, Dr Herbert Tushabe.

The Great Lakes Fish Biodiversity Science Database is a compilation of fish community and habitat data from DFO Science surveys, primarily related to freshwater fishes of conservation concern in the Great Lakes basin. Data include: sampling site location, date, fish species and counts, and associated habitat information. Project-specific details including purpose/objectives and study methodology are often reported in the DFO Canadian data report of fisheries and aquatic sciences series.

The Biodiversity Conservation Network (or BioNet) of Maryland layer systematically identifies and prioritizes ecologically important lands to conserve Marylands biodiversity (i.e., plants, animals, habitats, and landscapes). This dataset aggregates numerous separate data layers hierarchically according to the BioNet Criteria Matrix. These data were needed to maximize the influence and effectiveness of public and private conservation investments; promote shared responsibilities for land conservation between public and private sectors; and guide and encourage compatible land uses and land management practices.