The North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) is the primary source for critical quantitative data to evaluate the status of continental bird species, keeping common birds common and helping fuel a $75 billion wildlife watching industry. Each year thousands of citizen scientists skilled in avian identification collect data on BBS routes throughout North America allowing us to better understand bird population changes and manage them. The USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Environment and Climate Change Canada, and the Mexican National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity jointly coordinate the program, which provides reliable population data and trend analyses on more than 500 bird species.

World Bird Database (WBDB)

      BirdLife has been investing in the development of information
    management tools for many years. This is a fully relational database,
    known as the World Bird Database (WBDB). The database architecture
    provides some 120 tables covering in excess of 1,400 data fields. Data
    are being added continually, and certain tables already hold in excess
    of 250,000 records.

      Development started in 1994 with the Important Bird Areas
    module. In 1998, with funds provided by RSPB (BirdLife partner in the
    UK), the database was revised and extended so that it now covers
    sites, species and Endemic Bird Areas. RSPB continues to provide
    essential funding for the ongoing development of the WBDB.

      The World Bird Database provides the information management tool
    through which the BirdLife Partnership manages, analyses and reports
    on the breadth of its scientific knowledge - Species, Important Bird
    Areas (IBAs) and Endemic Bird Areas (EBAs) ^? much of these data are
    available through the Data Zone.

      You can search for detailed information on Species, Sites and EBAs,
    see examples of recent analyses and download subsets of the database.

      With information on some 10,000 species of bird, over 8,000 IBAs
    and 218 EBAs managed through the WBDB, together with BirdLife's
    spatial data, multimedia files, other documents and links, the
    BirdLife Data Zone is truly a valuable information resource.

    Data URL: "http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/index.html"
    Information taken from "http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/index.html"

The Costa Rica Bird Observatories is a nationwide monitoring initiative created and managed through partnerships among the National Institute of Biodiversity (INBio), US Forest Service, Klamath Bird Observatory, and many other collaborators, both private and public. The Observatories’ primary objective includes the promotion of bird conservation and education in Costa Rica through scientific monitoring.

Humans and birds depend on intact ecosystems for food resources, shelter and other broad environmental processes such as carbon sequestration and atmospheric regulation. Human enterprise routinely degrades ecosystems causing the global decline of many bird populations. To manage and conserve bird species in peril we must identify factors preventing population-level recovery, thereby moving beyond estimates of mere population size to demographics and to the underlying causes of population changes.

Biodiversity in many areas is rapidly shifting and declining as a consequence of global change. As such, there is an urgent need for new tools and strategies to help identify, monitor, and conserve biodiversity hotspots. One way to identify these areas is by quantifying functional diversity, which measures the unique roles of species within a community and is valuable for conservation because of its relationship with ecosystem functioning. Unfortunately, the trait information required to evaluate functional diversity is often lacking and is difficult to harmonize across disparate data sources. Biodiversity hotspots are particularly lacking in this information. To address this knowledge gap, we compiled Frugivoria, a trait database containing dietary, life-history, morphological, and geographic traits, for mammals and birds exhibiting frugivory, which are important for seed dispersal, an essential ecosystem service. Accompanying Frugivoria is an open workflow that harmonizes trait and taxonomic data from disparate sources and enables users to analyze traits in space. This version of Frugivoria contains mammal and bird species found in contiguous moist montane forests and adjacent moist lowland forests of Central and South America– the latter specifically focusing on the Andean states. In total, Frugivoria includes 45,216 unique trait values, including new values and harmonized values from existing databases. Frugivoria adds 23,707 new trait values (8,709 for mammals and 14,999 for birds) for a total of 1,733 bird and mammal species. These traits include diet breadth, habitat breadth, habitat specialization, body size, sexual dimorphism, and range-based geographic traits including range size, average annual mean temperature and precipitation, and metrics of human impact calculated over the range. Frugivoria fills gaps in trait categories from other databases such as diet category, home range size, generation time, and longevity, and extends certain traits, once only available for mammals, to birds. In addition, Frugivoria adds newly described species not included in other databases and harmonizes species classifications among databases. Frugivoria and its workflow enable researchers to quantify relationships between traits and the environment, as well as spatial trends in functional diversity, contributing to basic knowledge and applied conservation of frugivores in this region. By harmonizing trait information from disparate sources and providing code to access species occurrence data, this open-access database fills a major knowledge gap and enables more comprehensive trait-based studies of species exhibiting frugivory in this ecologically important region.

Taiwan Wild Bird Federation Bird Records Database (TWBF Database), the first and the largest web-based biodiversity citizen science database of Taiwan, has collected a large number of birdwatching checklists provided by more than 3,000 users. From 1972 to 2017, the TWBF Database accumulated 1,853,589 bird records within 102,716 checklists, covering nearly all area and almost 90% of the 653 bird species of Taiwan Island and its outlying islands.

FileMaker database designed for deployment on iOS mobile devices for collecting data according to methods defined by the NETN's Boston Harbor Islands Coastal Breeding Bird Monitoring protocol. Database is empty and free of data and represents the current version in use.

Dataset contains observations of birds ringed in Finland and reported encounters of the birds, both from Finland and abroad.

Ring numbers have been hidden. Data quality: Bird ringing requires a permit, which includes training and examination of bird identification skills. All ring recoveries are validated by experts.

The iratebirds database contains comprehensive visual aesthetic attractiveness, as seen by humans, data for bird taxonomic units (following the eBird/Clements integrated checklist v. 2019). The data were collected with the iratebirds.app -website citizen science project, where users rated the appearance of birds on a linear scale from 1-10. The rating were based on photographs of the birds available from the Macaulay Library database. Each rating score of a bird species or subspecies is based on several photographs of the same bird species. The application code is openly available on GitHub: https://github.com/luomus/iratebirds The application was spread during August 2020 – April 2021, globally, to as wide audiences as possible using social media, traditional media, collaborators and email-lists.

The iratebirds database is based on 408 207 ratings from 6 212 users. It consists of raw visual aesthetic attractiveness rating data as well as complementary data from an online survey that sourced demographic information from a subset of 2 785 users who scored the birds. The online survey gives information on these users’ birding skills, nature connectedness, profession, home country, age and gender. On top of these, the data scores for birds’ visual aesthetic attractiveness to humans have been modelled with hierarchical models to obtain overall average scores for the bird species and subspecies. More details on the data are found in this file’s section “Methodological information” as well as in the publication Haukka, A. et al. (2023), The iratebirds Citizen Science Project: a Dataset on Birds’ Visual Aesthetic Attractiveness to Humans, Scientific Data. The full database "iratebirds_raw_data_taxonomy_photoinfo_ratings_survey_251022.csv" includes all the data related to the photographs scored (e.g. place and location of the photograph, and its quality), the species and subspecies names (following the eBird/Clements integrated checklist v. 2019), the raw scores made by the users, details of the users (e.g. language used), and internal user ID, and for the users who took the online survey, also detailed information about their demography, e.g. home country and other information related to their knowledge of and connection to nature and birds. The modeled rating scores database "iratebirds_final_predictions_average_fullmodel_subsetmodel_151122.csv" includes visual aesthetic attractiveness of birds, as perceived by humans, calculated in three different ways. The most appropiate score can be chosen by the user according to the specific research needs, but in general we recommend using the scores from the full model (ii). The three different measures are i) raw visual aesthetic attractiveness for each bird species (or subspecies), ii) full model: visual aesthetic attractiveness corrected for language group of the scorer and the quality of the photo scored, iii) subset model: visual aesthetic attractiveness corrected as in ii) plus other user specific factors (related to bird and nature knowlegde and connections, home country, age. and gender). The file also gives information on how many photos were used for scoring each bird and how many users have scored the species. The latter subset model iii) represents only a subset of all the species. The data on visual aesthetic attractiveness are also available at the species and the sex within-species level, for the sexually dichromatic species, in the file "iratebirds_pred_ratings_species_and_sex_level_120123.csv".

All database files are given both as .csv- and .xlsx -files. The data and code to reproduce the analyses, figures and tables presented in Haukka et al. 2023 The iratebirds citizen science project: a dataset of birds’ visual aesthetic attractiveness to humans (Scientific Data doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02169-0) are included in the 'iratebirds_raw_data_taxonomy_photoinfo_ratings_survey_251022.csv' and 'Haukka_et_al_Scientific_Data_modelling.R','Haukka_et_al_Scientific_Data_Figure.R' and 'Haukka_et_al_Scientific_Data_Tables.R' -files. Detailed information on dataprosessing and models can be found in the publication Haukka et al. 2023 The iratebirds Citizen Science Project: a Dataset on Birds’ Visual Aesthetic Attractiveness to Humans, Scientific Data doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02169-0)

GAVIA_main_data_table.csv - This comma-separated text file contains the 27,723 alien bird records that form the core of the Global AVian Invasions Atlas (GAVIA) project. These records represent 971 species, introduced to 230 countries and administrative areas across all eight biogeographical realms, spanning the period 6000 BCE – AD 2014. The data comprises taxonomic (species-level), spatial (geographic location, realm, land type) and temporal (dates of introduction and spread) components, as well as details relating to the introduction event (how and why the species was introduced, whether or not it is established). Each line of data consists of an individual record concerning a specific alien bird species introduced to a specific location. The data derives from both published and unpublished sources, including atlases, country species lists, peer-reviewed articles, websites and via correspondence with in-country experts.GAVIA_abbreviations.csv - This comma-separated text file describes the abbreviations in the main text of the 'GAVIA_main_data_table.csv'.GAVIA_column_names.csv - This comma-separated text file describes the column heading used in the 'GAVIA_main_data_table.csv'.

GAVIA_references.csv - This comma-separated text file contains the full references referred to in the 'GAVIA_main_data_table.csv' column headed "Reference".GAVIA_rangemaps.zip - This compressed folder (.zip format) contains the species’ range maps stored as one ESRI shapefile per species (n = 362). Within these shapefiles are attribute tables which contain a unique species ID number and binomial which match up to the species ID number and binomial in the 'GAVIA main data table'.

The San Diego Natural History Museum Birds Collection has grown into a major resource on bird species of western North America, including Baja California. Its taxonomic coverage includes 90% of the world's bird families, a coverage extended by the museum's status as a repository for specimens from the San Diego Zoo. The department produced the San Diego County Bird Atlas (http://www.sdnhm.org/science/birds-and-mammals/projects/san-diego-county-bird-atlas/), published in 2004 and based on field work from March 1997 through February 2002.

Birdbase is a centralized resource for avian genomics and other aspects of avian biology. BirdBase Objectives: * Provide a community driven platform for information about bird genomes and genomics. * Stimulate scientific advancement by integrating information from a variety of bird species * Promote collaboration and cooperation between scientists using birds as model organisms and those studying agricultural traits of birds. * Help coordinate solutions to common issues such as gene nomenclature and ontology development * Provide a conduit for sharing reagents and protocols

Global database of bird species breeding above treeline. The dataset includes 1,310 alpine breeding species across mountain regions, along with associated traits that define each species alpine breeding propensity, ecological niche (migration, nest behaviour), and conservation value (endemism, conservation status). A regional dataset is also included which provides mountain region-specific species traits (e.g., nest type).

Estimation of functional diversity in biological communities requires extensive and complete data on numerous functional traits of species or even individuals. When estimating functional diversity at large scales, this fact possesses an issue that may be hard to overcome: for many species, there might not be sufficient data on their functional traits. In such cases, even if there is missing information on functional trait value for one species in a community, this makes the trait impossible to use for the estimation of the functional diversity of a community. On the other hand, there are available datasets on the functional traits of all extant species within certain lineages across the world, but such datasets are often limited to very few functional traits, missing some dimensions of species' ecological niches. In this dataset, I compiled the available data from various sources that describe 23 functional traits of 703 bird species that occur in Canada, the United States, and Mexico. These functional traits include the following: diet type, diurnal and nocturnal feeding, diet items, feeding methods, feeding substrate, nest type, nest substrates, breeding system, chick development at hatching, nest aggregation, clutch size, first breeding age, number of clutches a year, breeding success, adult annual survival, mean biomass, maximum lifespan, hand-wing index, kleptoparasitism, nest parasitism, and the extent of dependency on other species for building a nest.

The growth of biodiversity data sets generated by citizen scientists continues to accelerate. The availability of such data has greatly expanded the scale of questions researchers can address. Yet, error, bias, and noise continue to be serious concerns for analysts, particularly when data being contributed to these giant online data sets are difficult to verify. Counts of birds contributed to eBird, the world’s largest biodiversity online database, present a potentially useful resource for tracking trends over time and space in species’ abundances. We quantified counting accuracy in a sample of 1,406 eBird checklists by comparing numbers contributed by birders (N = 246) who visited a popular birding location in Oregon, USA, with numbers generated by a professional ornithologist engaged in a long-term study creating benchmark (reference) measurements of daily bird counts. We focused on waterbirds, which are easily visible at this site. We evaluated potential predictors of count differences, including characteristics of contributed checklists, of each species, and of time of day and year. Count differences were biased toward undercounts, with more than 75% of counts being below the daily benchmark value. Median count discrepancies were −29.1% (range: 0 to −42.8%; N = 20 species). Model sets revealed an important influence of each species’ reference count, which varied seasonally as waterbird numbers fluctuated, and of percent of species known to be present each day that were included on each checklist. That is, checklists indicating a more thorough survey of the species richness at the site also had, on average, smaller count differences. However, even on checklists with the most thorough species lists, counts were biased low and exceptionally variable in their accuracy. To improve utility of such bird count data, we suggest three strategies to pursue in the future. (1) Assess additional options for analytically determining how to select checklists that include less biased count data, as well as exploring options for correcting bias during the analysis stage. (2) Add options for users to provide additional information that helps analysts choose checklists, such as an option for users to tag checklists where they focused on obtaining accurate counts. (3) Explore opportunities to effectively calibrate citizen-science bird count data by establishing a formalized network of marquis sites where dedicated observers regularly contribute carefully collected benchmark data.

The NYS Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) collects and maintains several datasets on the locations, distribution and status of species of plants and animals. Information on distribution by county from the following three databases was extracted and compiled into this dataset. First, the New York Natural Heritage Program biodiversity database: Rare animals, rare plants, and significant natural communities. Significant natural communities are rare or high-quality wetlands, forests, grasslands, ponds, streams, and other types of habitats. Next, the 2nd NYS Breeding Bird Atlas Project database: Birds documented as breeding during the atlas project from 2000-2005. And last, DEC’s NYS Reptile and Amphibian Database: Reptiles and amphibians; most records are from the NYS Amphibian & Reptile Atlas Project (Herp Atlas) from 1990-1999.

The 1966-2023 North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) dataset contains avian point count data for more than 700 North American bird taxa (species, races, and unidentified species groupings). These data are collected annually during the breeding season, primarily in June, along thousands of randomly established roadside survey routes in the United States and Canada. Routes are roughly 24.5 miles (39.2 km) long with counting locations placed at approximately half-mile (800-m) intervals, for a total of 50 stops. At each stop, a citizen scientist highly skilled in avian identification conducts a 3-minute point count, recording all birds seen within a quarter-mile (400-m) radius and all birds heard. Surveys begin 30 minutes before local sunrise and take approximately 5 hours to complete. Routes are surveyed once per year, with the total number of routes sampled per year growing over time; just over 500 routes were sampled in 1966, while in recent decades approximately 3000 routes have been sampled annually. No data are provided for 2020. BBS field activities were cancelled in 2020 because of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) global pandemic and observers were directed to not sample routes. In addition to avian count data, this dataset also contains survey date, survey start and end times, start and end weather conditions, a unique observer identification number, route identification information, and route location information including country, state, and BCR, as well as geographic coordinates of route start point, and an indicator of run data quality.

GIS theme (divided into surface, line and point themes) with spatial objects from the Nature Database associated with the programme of activities of the same name, Bird monitoring. This group of activity types in the Nature Database concerns the monitoring of the bird species included in the State surveillance programme NOVANA. Bird monitoring includes censuses of a number of species of breeding and migratory birds, as well as estimates of fly-feathering birds at sea made by aerial line-rates. For each GIS object, the following attributes are displayed from each entry in the Nature Database: - Activity: The type of activity (entry form) to which the registration belongs. - Responsible institution: the authority or consulting firm that is the data controller. - Place name: Name or code used by the responsible institution for the specific location. - Field date: Date when the registration was made in the field. - ActID: Unique identification number of the activity in the Nature Database. AktID is included in the URL for displaying the complete registration form for each registration. - LINK: Link to display the complete registration form for each registration.

Total recreational birding activity (by state and year) estimated by the National Survey for Fishing, Hunting, and WIldlife-Associated Recreation was spatially distributed using birding observations reported through the eBird citizen science database and summarized by land cover type for each analysis year (2001, 2006, 2011, and 2016). Version 2.0 provides an update to the previous version with the inclusion of data from 2016.

Birds in the cities are usually one of the first ways people get in contact with nature. Birds are vertebrates that sometimes are very diverse in urban areas; monitoring them offers opportunities for education and scientific research. Capture and recapture of birds give important information on morphology and if it is done on a long-term basis with a census, on population dynamics. Here I present a dataset of birds that were counted by sight and also captured, banded and released with mist-nets through a monitoring program in an urban area of the city of Lima, Peru; from 1995 until 2010. It also includes records of re-sightings of banded individuals. The censuses were each week and the captures every month, most of the time. The study area had 0.5 Ha and was a private park that had exotic vegetation in different forms: pastures, shrubs, and trees. The data shows the bird censuses, captured individuals and banded individuals resighted. The presence of captured individuals is shown by band number (not all individuals and species were banded or measured), body condition and measurements. The body condition recorded were sex, molt and breeding status. The body measurements were weight, wing, tarsus, beak (total and exposed culmen) and tail. The sampling effort for the bird census was 296 days; half an hour per day. For the bird-banding was 4724.74 Hours-net, with a range of 4 to 107 Hours-net per month. The resighted individuals were 1438. I recorded 43 species in this park, the most common species sighted were Columbina cruziana, Zenaida meloda and Coereba flaveola. There were 1827 captures of 25 bird species, from 12 families, within the order Passeriformes, Columbiformes, Apodiformes, Psittaciformes, and Falconiformes. Individual records per species range between 1 to 395, the median was 16 individuals per species. Most of the birds that were captured were Coereba flaveola (21.6%), Passer domesticus (17.4%) and Volatinia jacarina (12.1%). The longest life spans recorded during this project were individuals of Volatinia jacarina (10Y,7M), Pyrocephalus rubinus (10Y,4M) and Coereba flaveola (9Y,7M). I expect this database to be helpful for researchers in population ecology and bird morphology.

The section cares for over 187,000 specimens of birds, and a database over 206,000 records which include exchanged specimens and other specimens no longer in the collection. The most important of these are the 519 holotypes and 40 syntypes. We also care for approximately 196 extinct birds as well as specimens of many rare species collected decades if not more than a century ago. The collection on whole is ranked roughly ninth in the United States.

The Carnegie Collection has over 154,000 study skins, almost 16,000 skeletons of which over 5650 have an accompanying spread wing prepared, many with tails, over 10,000 egg sets, 6760 fluid specimens, 440 flat skins and about 1250 taxidermy mounts.