Based on the mid-year population estimates, this is the number of people aged under 16.Population estimates relate to the number of people who were usually resident in an area at the mid-year point. Further details can be found at: http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/method-quality/specific/population-and-migration/an-overview-of-ons-s-population-statistics/index.html

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London was by far the largest urban agglomeration in the United Kingdom in 2025, with an estimated population of *** million people, more than three times as large as Manchester, the UK’s second-biggest urban agglomeration. The agglomerations of Birmingham and Leeds / Bradford had the third and fourth-largest populations, respectively, while the biggest city in Scotland, Glasgow, was the fifth largest. Largest cities in Europe Two cities in Europe had larger urban areas than London, with Istanbul having a population of around **** million and the Russian capital Moscow having a population of over **** million. The city of Paris, located just over 200 miles away from London, was the second-largest city in Europe, with a population of more than **** million people. Paris was followed by London in terms of population size, and then by the Spanish cities of Madrid and Barcelona, at *** million and *** million people, respectively. The Italian capital, Rome, was the next largest city at *** million, followed by Berlin at *** million. London’s population growth Throughout the 1980s, the population of London fluctuated from a high of **** million people in 1981 to a low of **** million inhabitants in 1988. During the 1990s, the population of London increased once again, growing from ****million at the start of the decade to **** million by 1999. London's population has continued to grow since the turn of the century, and despite declining between 2019 and 2021, it reached *** million people in 2023 and is forecast to reach almost *** million by 2047.

By 2047 the population of London is expected to reach 9.97 million people, an increase of almost 699,500 when compared with 2025. While there has been quite a steep rise in its population in recent years, London’s population growth was relatively stagnant throughout the 1980s and even decreased slightly towards the end of that decade. After peaking at 8.89 million in 2019, the population of London has fallen slightly, to 8.8 million by 2021. UK population forecast Like London, the population of the United Kingdom is forecast to continue to grow well into the middle of the century. By 2046, the population of the UK is estimated to be over 76.3 million people, an increase of over 20 million people when compared with the population figures for 1976. Additionally, the average age of the population is predicted to increase from 39.5 years in 2020 to 44.5 years by the mid-2040s, and continue to increase towards the end of the century. London looms large In the UK, London is by far the largest urban agglomeration in the country, dwarfing the UK's next largest cities of Birmingham, Manchester, and Leeds. London also has a dominant economic position in the UK, with the city accounting for around a quarter of the total GDP in the country. The UK capital also has a far higher GDP per head than the rest of the county, at over ****** pounds in 2023, compared with the UK average of ****** pounds.

The population of the United Kingdom in 2023 was estimated to be approximately 68.3 million in 2023, with almost 9.48 million people living in South East England. London had the next highest population, at over 8.9 million people, followed by the North West England at 7.6 million. With the UK's population generally concentrated in England, most English regions have larger populations than the constituent countries of Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, which had populations of 5.5 million, 3.16 million, and 1.92 million respectively. English counties and cities The United Kingdom is a patchwork of various regional units, within England the largest of these are the regions shown here, which show how London, along with the rest of South East England had around 18 million people living there in this year. The next significant regional units in England are the 47 metropolitan and ceremonial counties. After London, the metropolitan counties of the West Midlands, Greater Manchester, and West Yorkshire were the biggest of these counties, due to covering the large urban areas of Birmingham, Manchester, and Leeds respectively. Regional divisions in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland The smaller countries that comprise the United Kingdom each have different local subdivisions. Within Scotland these are called council areas whereas in Wales the main regional units are called unitary authorities. Scotland's largest Council Area by population is that of Glasgow City at over 622,000, while in Wales, it was the Cardiff Unitary Authority at around 372,000. Northern Ireland, on the other hand, has eleven local government districts, the largest of which is Belfast with a population of around 348,000.

This metric is derived by the LGA (Local Government Association) from the CQC (Care Quality Commission's) Care Directory file. The file contains a complete list of the places in England where care is regulated by CQC. Using the National Statistics Postcode Lookup, we have counted the number of nursing homes located in an area and then created a crude rate per 1,000 resident population.

A care home is a place where personal care and accommodation are provided together. People may live in the service for short or long periods. For many people, it is their sole place of residence and so it becomes their home, although they do not legally own or rent it. Both the care that people receive and the premises are regulated.

In addition, qualified nursing care is provided to ensure that the full needs of the person using the service are met.

Examples of services that fit under this category:

Nursing home Convalescent home with nursing Respite care with nursing Mental health crisis house with nursing

Data is extracted once a quarter and provides a snapshot in time. It should be noted that due to changes to postcodes, a small proportion cannot be matched to the latest National Statistics Postcode Lookup file and are therefore excluded from these figures.

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Based on the mid-year population estimates, this is the number of people aged under 16.Population estimates relate to the number of people who were usually resident in an area at the mid-year point. Further details can be found at: http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/method-quality/specific/population-and-migration/an-overview-of-ons-s-population-statistics/index.html

Data is Powered by LG Inform Plus and automatically checked for new data on the 3rd of each month.

In 2023, the population of the United Kingdom reached 68.3 million, compared with 67.6 million in 2022. The UK population has more than doubled since 1871 when just under 31.5 million lived in the UK and has grown by around 8.2 million since the start of the twenty-first century. For most of the twentieth century, the UK population steadily increased, with two noticeable drops in population occurring during World War One (1914-1918) and in World War Two (1939-1945). Demographic trends in postwar Britain After World War Two, Britain and many other countries in the Western world experienced a 'baby boom,' with a postwar peak of 1.02 million live births in 1947. Although the number of births fell between 1948 and 1955, they increased again between the mid-1950s and mid-1960s, with more than one million people born in 1964. Since 1964, however, the UK birth rate has fallen from 18.8 births per 1,000 people to a low of just 10.2 in 2020. As a result, the UK population has gotten significantly older, with the country's median age increasing from 37.9 years in 2001 to 40.7 years in 2022. What are the most populated areas of the UK? The vast majority of people in the UK live in England, which had a population of 57.7 million people in 2023. By comparison, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland had populations of 5.44 million, 3.13 million, and 1.9 million, respectively. Within England, South East England had the largest population, at over 9.38 million, followed by the UK's vast capital city of London, at 8.8 million. London is far larger than any other UK city in terms of urban agglomeration, with just four other cities; Manchester, Birmingham, Leeds, and Glasgow, boasting populations that exceed one million people.

This metric is derived by the LGA (Local Government Association) from the CQC (Care Quality Commission's) Care Directory file. The file contains a complete list of the places in England where care is regulated by CQC. Using the National Statistics Postcode Lookup, we have counted the number of dental practices located in an area and then created a crude rate per 1,000 resident population.

These services involve registered dentists and dental care professionals usually working in premises designed for consultation and treatment, but they can also be provided in a person's place of residence. Consultations and examinations will involve discussion of the treatment options with the patient and may include dental radiography. Treatment is usually provided in a dedicated room and, in consultation with the patient, may be under local anaesthetic, or use a laser. Medicines may be prescribed as part of the treatment.

Examples of services that fit under this category:

Primary care dental services (dentists on the high street, NHS funded, private or both) Dental out-of-hours services

Data is extracted once a quarter and provides a snapshot in time. It should be noted that due to changes to postcodes, a small proportion cannot be matched to the latest National Statistics Postcode Lookup file and are therefore excluded from these figures.

Data is Powered by LG Inform Plus and automatically checked for new data on the 4th of each month.

According to the 2021 Census, London was the most ethnically diverse region in England and Wales – 63.2% of residents identified with an ethnic minority group.

This metric is derived by the LGA (Local Government Association) from the CQC (Care Quality Commission's) Care Directory file. The file contains a complete list of the places in England where care is regulated by CQC. Using the National Statistics Postcode Lookup, we have counted the number of doctor/GP practices located in an area and then created a crude rate per 1,000 resident population.

These services involve doctors working in premises, or a room, designated for medical consultation or minor medical treatments. Often the doctor will complete medical consultations, including physical examination and simple physiological measurement (such as blood pressure tests). They will discuss diagnosis and treatment options and may prescribe medicines for the person to take at home.

They may also undertake minor invasive investigations or procedures, such as conscious endoscopy, in a treatment room designed for this purpose. There may be other healthcare professionals, for example practice nurses, supporting the work of the doctor.

Examples of services that fit under this category:

Independent doctors consulting rooms NHS GP practices Slimming clinics Early medical abortion clinics Travel vaccination services Polyclinics

Data is extracted once a quarter and provides a snapshot in time. It should be noted that due to changes to postcodes, a small proportion cannot be matched to the latest National Statistics Postcode Lookup file and are therefore excluded from these figures.

Data is Powered by LG Inform Plus and automatically checked for new data on the 4th of each month.

In 2023, almost nine million people lived in Greater London, making it the most populated ceremonial county in England. The West Midlands Metropolitan County, which contains the large city of Birmingham, was the second-largest county at 2.98 million inhabitants, followed by Greater Manchester and then West Yorkshire with populations of 2.95 million and 2.4 million, respectively. Kent, Essex, and Hampshire were the three next-largest counties in terms of population, each with around 1.89 million people. A patchwork of regions England is just one of the four countries that compose the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, with England, Scotland and Wales making up Great Britain. England is therefore not to be confused with Great Britain or the United Kingdom as a whole. Within England, the next subdivisions are the nine regions of England, containing various smaller units such as unitary authorities, metropolitan counties and non-metropolitan districts. The counties in this statistic, however, are based on the ceremonial counties of England as defined by the Lieutenancies Act of 1997. Regions of Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland Like England, the other countries of the United Kingdom have their own regional subdivisions, although with some different terminology. Scotland’s subdivisions are council areas, while Wales has unitary authorities, and Northern Ireland has local government districts. As of 2022, the most-populated Scottish council area was Glasgow City, with over 622,000 inhabitants. In Wales, Cardiff had the largest population among its unitary authorities, and in Northern Ireland, Belfast was the local government area with the most people living there.

The UK residential building construction industry, valued at approximately £185.55 million in 2025, is projected to experience moderate growth, with a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 2.26% from 2025 to 2033. This growth is fueled by several factors. Increased urbanization and population growth in key cities like London, Birmingham, Glasgow, and Liverpool are driving demand for new housing, particularly within the villas and landed houses, and condominiums and apartments segments. Government initiatives aimed at addressing housing shortages and improving infrastructure also contribute positively. However, the market faces constraints including fluctuating material costs, skilled labor shortages, and potential economic downturns which could impact investment and consumer confidence. The industry is highly competitive, with major players such as Willmott Dixon Holdings, Mace, Skanska UK, and Balfour Beatty vying for market share. These companies leverage expertise in project management, sustainable construction practices, and innovative technologies to remain competitive. The geographical distribution of projects varies, with London and other major cities expected to dominate, but regional growth will be influenced by local economic conditions and availability of land. The industry's future trajectory will depend on addressing these challenges effectively while capitalizing on the opportunities presented by population growth and government support. The construction sector's performance is closely tied to broader economic health. Interest rate fluctuations and changes in mortgage availability directly influence consumer purchasing power, impacting housing demand. Environmental regulations and a growing emphasis on sustainable building practices are reshaping the industry, promoting the adoption of eco-friendly materials and energy-efficient designs. This trend aligns with broader societal concerns regarding climate change and resource management, impacting material sourcing and project specifications. Competition is likely to intensify as established firms consolidate and new entrants emerge, particularly those specializing in sustainable and technological innovations. Strategic partnerships and mergers and acquisitions will play a significant role in shaping the competitive landscape, leading to increased efficiency and potentially improved capacity to manage the industry's challenges and capitalize on its growth opportunities. Recent developments include: December 2022: 375 low-carbon rental homes are delivered as part of a historic restoration project for Bristol City Center through public-private partnerships., December 2022: As the One Sydney Harbour residential building from Lendlease celebrates a critical milestone of "topping out" of Residences One, marking the completion of the highest structural point of the 72-story tower, it has secured more than $3.7 billion in sales over its three towers.. Key drivers for this market are: 4., Growth in Commercial Activities and Increased Competition4.; Increasing Demand for Affordable Housing Units. Potential restraints include: 4., Lack of Housing Spaces and Mortgage Regulation can Create Challenges. Notable trends are: Government mandates pertaining to Energy Efficiency.

Potential working years of life lost (PWYLL) due to alcohol-related conditions, ages 16-64, directly age-standardised per 100,000 population.

Rationale Alcohol consumption is a contributing factor to hospital admissions and deaths from a diverse range of conditions. The Government has said that everyone has a role to play in reducing the harmful use of alcohol - this indicator is one of the key contributions by the Government (and the Department of Health and Social Care) to promote measurable, evidence-based prevention activities at a local level, and supports the national ambitions to reduce harm set out in the Government's Alcohol Strategy. This ambition is part of the monitoring arrangements for the Responsibility Deal Alcohol Network. Alcohol-related deaths can be reduced through local interventions to reduce alcohol misuse and harm.

Years of life lost is a measure of premature mortality. The purpose of this measure is to estimate the length of time a person would have lived had they not died prematurely. As the calculation includes the age at which death occurs, it is an attempt to quantify the burden on society from the specified cause of mortality. Alcohol-related deaths often occur at relatively young ages. One of the ways to consider the full impact of alcohol on both the individual and wider society is to look at how many working years are lost each year due to premature death as a result of alcohol.

To enable comparisons between areas and over time, PWYLL rates are age-standardised to represent the PWYLL if each area had the same population structure as the 2013 European Standard Population (ESP). PWYLL rates are presented as years of life lost per 100,000 population.

Definition of numerator The number of years between a death due to alcohol-related conditions in those aged 16 to 64 years and the age of 65 years. Deaths from alcohol-related conditions are extracted and assigned an alcohol attributable fraction based on underlying cause of death (and all cause of deaths fields for the conditions: ethanol poisoning, methanol poisoning, toxic effect of alcohol). Mortality data includes all deaths registered in the calendar year where the local authority of usual residence of the deceased is one of the English geographies and an alcohol attributable diagnosis is given as the underlying cause of death.

After application of the alcohol-attributable fractions, the number of deaths at each age between 16 and 64 is summed, multiplied by the years remaining to 65, and then aggregated into quinary age bands.

References:

PHE (2020) Alcohol-attributable fractions for England: an update https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/alcohol-attributable-fractions-for-england-an-update

Definition of denominator ONS Mid-Year Population Estimates aggregated into quinary age bands.

Caveats There is the potential for the underlying cause of death to be incorrectly attributed on the death certificate and the cause of death misclassified. Alcohol-attributable fractions were not available for children. Conditions where low levels of alcohol consumption are protective (have a negative alcohol-attributable fraction) are not included in the calculation of the indicator.

Where the observed total number of deaths is less than 10, the rates have been suppressed as there are too few deaths to calculate PWYLL directly standardised rates reliably. The cut off has been reduced from 25, following research commissioned by PHE and in preparation for publication which shows DSRs and their confidence intervals are robust whenever the count is at least 10.

The confidence intervals do not take into account the uncertainty involved in the calculation of the AAFs – that is, the proportion of deaths that are caused by alcohol and the alcohol consumption prevalence that are included in the AAF formula are only an estimate and so include uncertainty. The confidence intervals published here are based only on the observed number of deaths and do not account for this uncertainty in the calculation of attributable fraction - as such the intervals may be too narrow.

In 2023, the population of the United Kingdom was around **** million, with approximately **** million women and **** million men. Since 1953, the male population of the UK has grown by around *** million, while the female population has increased by approximately *** million. Throughout this provided time period, the female population of the UK has consistently outnumbered the male population. UK population one of the largest in Europe As of 2022, the population of the United Kingdom was the largest it has ever been, and with growth expected to continue, the forecasted population of the United Kingdom is expected to reach over ** million by the 2030s. Despite the relatively small size of its territory, the UK has one of the largest populations among European countries, slightly larger than France but smaller than Russia and Germany. As of 2022, the population density of the UK was approximately *** people per square kilometer, with London by far the most densely populated area, and Scotland the most sparsely populated. Dominance of London As seen in the data regarding population density, the population of the United Kingdom is not evenly distributed across the country. Within England, London has a population of almost **** million, making it significantly bigger than the next largest cities of Birmingham and Manchester. As of 2022, Scotland's largest city, Glasgow had a population of around *** million, with the largest cities in Northern Ireland, and Wales being Belfast and Cardiff, which had populations of ******* and ******* respectively.

All diagnoses of first episode genital herpes among people accessing sexual health services* in England who are also residents in England, expressed as a rate per 100,000 population. Data is presented by area of patient residence and include those residents in England and those with an unknown residence (data for those residents outside of England is not included).*Sexual health services providing STI related care (Levels 2 and 3). Further details on the levels of sexual healthcare provision are provided in the https://www.bashh.org/about-bashh/publications/standards-for-the-management-of-stis/ .RationaleGenital herpes is the most common ulcerative sexually transmitted infection seen in England. Infections are frequently due to herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2, although HSV-1 infection is also seen. Recurrent infections are common with patients returning for treatment.Definition of numeratorThe number of diagnoses of genital herpes (first episode) among people accessing sexual health services in England who are also residents in England.Episode Activity codes (SNOMED or Sexual Health and HIV Activity Property Types (SHHAPT)) relating to diagnosis of genital herpes (first episode) were used. The clinical criteria used to diagnose the conditions are given at https://www.bashh.org/guidelines .Data was de-duplicated to ensure that a patient received a diagnostic code only once for each episode. Patients cannot be tracked between services and therefore de-duplication relies on patient consultations at a single service.Definition of denominatorThe denominators for 2012 to 2022 are sourced from Office for National Statistics (ONS) population estimates based on the 2021 Census.Population estimates for 2023 were not available at the time of publication – therefore rates for 2023 are calculated using estimates from 2022 as a proxy.Further details on the ONS census are available from the https://www.ons.gov.uk/census .CaveatsEvery effort is made to ensure accuracy and completeness of GUMCAD data, including web-based reporting with integrated checks on data quality. However, responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of data lies with the reporting service.Data is updated on an annual basis due to clinic or laboratory resubmissions and improvements to data cleaning. Data may differ from previous publications.Figures reported in 2020 and 2021 are notably lower than previous years due to the disruption to SHSs during the national response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

In 2016, it was estimated that Birmingham had the largest Muslim population of any local authority in England and Wales at approximately 280 thousand people. Newham and Tower Hamlets, both boroughs of London, had the second and third-largest Muslim populations at 135 and 128 thousand respectively.

As of 2023, the population density in London was by far the highest number of people per square km in the UK, at *****. Of the other regions and countries which constitute the United Kingdom, North West England was the next most densely populated area at *** people per square kilometer. Scotland, by contrast, is the most sparsely populated country or region in the United Kingdom, with only ** people per square kilometer. Countries, regions, and cities According to the official mid-year population estimate, the population of the United Kingdom was just almost **** million in 2022. Most of the population lived in England, where an estimated **** million people resided, followed by Scotland at **** million, Wales at **** million and finally Northern Ireland at just over *** million. Within England, the South East was the region with the highest population at almost **** million, followed by the London region at around *** million. In terms of urban areas, Greater London is the largest city in the United Kingdom, followed by Greater Manchester and Birmingham in the North West and West Midlands regions of England. London calling London's huge size in relation to other UK cities is also reflected by its economic performance. In 2021, London's GDP was approximately *** billion British pounds, almost a quarter of UK GDP overall. In terms of GDP per capita, Londoners had a GDP per head of ****** pounds, compared with an average of ****** for the country as a whole. Productivity, expressed as by output per hour worked, was also far higher in London than the rest of the country. In 2021, London was around **** percent more productive than the rest of the country, with South East England the only other region where productivity was higher than the national average.

This is the estimated percentage of adults aged 16 and over in the local area who are active. These estimates include the activities of walking, cycling, dance, fitness and sporting activities, but exclude gardening which is outside of Sport England's remit. Office for Health Improvement and Disparities (OHID) publish physical activity data for adults aged 19+ that includes gardening. Activity is counted in moderate intensity equivalent minutes whereby each 'moderate' minute counts as one minute and each 'vigorous' minute counts as two moderate minutes. Depending on the number of minutes of moderate intensity equivalent (MIE) physical activity, people are described as being:

Inactive - Doing less than 30 minutes a week Fairly Active - Doing 30-149 minutes a week Active - Doing at least 150 minutes a week

Moderate activity is defined as where you raise your heart rate and feel a little out of breath. Vigorous activity is where you are breathing hard and fast and your heart rate has increased significantly (you will not be able to say more than a few words without pausing for breath). When making comparisons between figures, some differences seen may not be significant differences and so a degree of caution should be made before making conclusions. The survey was adapted during the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey sample is randomly selected from the Royal Mail’s Postal Address File ensuring a very high coverage of private residential addresses. The target sample size for each English local authority (excluding the City of London and Isles of Scilly) is 500 returns. Data may be suppressed for an area where the threshold of 30 is not reached. Population totals are created using Office for National Statistics (ONS) mid-year population estimates. Data is sourced from the adult Active Lives November to November survey.

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This is the proportion of the population aged 16 to 64 who are economically inactive. Economically inactive are people who are neither in employment nor unemployed. This group includes: all those who were looking after a family/home, sick, retired or students; those 'Wanting A Job' - people not in employment who want a job but are not classed as unemployed because they have either not sought work in the last four weeks or are not available to start work; and those 'Not Wanting A Job' - people who are neither in employment nor unemployed and who do not want a job. While the source is a rolling annual survey updated quarterly, a given 12-month period should be compared to the matching 12-month period in previous years to obtain valid comparisons. The data for district and unitary authorities is generally taken not directly from the Annual Population Survey but from associated modelled estimates produced by the Office for National Statistics, which provide greater accuracy.Data is Powered by LG Inform Plus and automatically checked for new data on the 3rd of each month.

All new STI diagnoses among people accessing sexual health services* in England. Data represent STI diagnoses among people who are resident in England. Data is presented by area of patient residence and include those residents in England and those with an unknown residence (data for those residents outside of England is not included). Data is expressed as a rate per 100,000 population.*Sexual health services providing STI related care (Levels 1, 2 or 3). Further details on the levels of sexual healthcare provision are provided in the Standards for the Management of STIs.

Rationale A summary figure of all new STI diagnoses.

Definition of numerator The number of new STI diagnoses among people accessing sexual health services in England who are also residents in England.STI data excluding chlamydia is sourced from the GUMCAD STI Surveillance System (Levels 2 and 3). GUMCAD data is reported by SHSs providing STI related care (Levels 2 or 3). Chlamydia data is sourced from GUMCAD (Level 3) and CTAD Chlamydia Surveillance System (Levels 1 and 2), UKHSA. CTAD data is reported by laboratories conducting testing for any service (Levels 1, 2 or 3) providing chlamydia testing.The Episode Activity codes (SNOMED or Sexual Health and HIV Activity Property Types (SHHAPT)) relating to diagnosis of: chancroid, Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), donovanosis, chlamydia, gonorrhoea, first episode anogenital herpes, new HIV diagnosis, molluscum contagiosum, non-specific genital infection (NSGI), pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and epididymitis: non-specific, scabies and pediculosis pubis, syphilis (primary, secondary and early latent), trichomoniasis, first episode genital warts were used.In 2015, the new STI diagnoses group was expanded to include new codes that were not previously reported via GUMCADv2. The new codes include: Mycoplasma genitalium (C16); Shigella: flexneri, sonnei and unspecified (SG1, SG2, SG3).The clinical criteria used to diagnose the conditions are given at https://www.bashh.org/guidelines .Data was de-duplicated to ensure that a patient received a diagnostic code only once for each episode. Patients cannot be tracked between services and therefore de-duplication relies on patient consultations at a single service.

Definition of denominator The denominators for 2012 to 2022 are sourced from Office for National Statistics (ONS) population estimates based on the 2021 Census.Population estimates for 2023 were not available at the time of publication – therefore rates for 2023 are calculated using estimates from 2022 as a proxy.Further details on the ONS census are available from the https://www.ons.gov.uk/census .Caveats Every effort is made to ensure accuracy and completeness of GUMCAD data, including web-based reporting with integrated checks on data quality. However, responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of data lies with the reporting service.Data is updated on an annual basis due to clinic or laboratory resubmissions and improvements to data cleaning. Data may differ from previous publications.Figures reported in 2020 and 2021 are notably lower than previous years due to the disruption to SHSs during the national response to the COVID-19 pandemic.